• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.111-121
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• 2010

As the customer's interest for sidewalk block in the street or apartment complex is increasing, the materials of block which had been a concrete block exclusively are varied to clay paver, native rock and wood etc. Especially, the sales volume of clay paver which is environment-friendly and ergonomic is dramatically increasing every year with two digits growth rate, however, many problems like "Edge Cracking" "Freezing Breakage" "Bending Breakage" "Joint Gap" are happening frequently within a couple of hours after installation due to the durabilities. Because of the characteristics of Ceramic products, clay pavers are very easy to be broken when they are bumped against each other. In addition, they are relatively fragile by a freezing expansion breakage when exposed to water due to hydrophilic property as well as the intensity and absorptance of the products are varied with small difference from the production process such as production equipment and process control. Therefore, it costs a lot of money to repair the breakdown unless production and installation is carried out according to the strict criteria of the quality control. In this study, the symptoms of breakdown frequently happened in clay paver are classified by each type and finally the solution for this problem in the production of brick, installation and criteria of quality control through compressive strength and absorptance test is suggested.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-155
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• 2012

This study aimed to glean lessons for desirable early childhood physical education programs by contouring the current paradigms on body or physical activities in the area of early education for young children. It also aimed to analyze their postures while participating in daily activities. The research method for analysis of children's postures while doing daily activities was OWAS(Ovako Working Posture Analysing System) which has been extensively used in ergonomics. Components of data analysis have been redesigned on the basis of information gathered from OWAS with the help of ergonomic experts. The results showed different percentages of children's movements according to activities such as whole class meeting, small group activity and outdoor activity. Small group and outdoor activities can be considered the most desirable physical activities not only for cognitive and social development but also for physical development. And it is recommended to reconstruct the quality and nature of whole class meetings in order to coordinate the physical nature of young children.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1001-1007
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• 2014

We surveyed the wearing characteristics of hip protectors. The problems of existing hip protectors were identified and the directions for improvement were presented. The evaluation of wearing characteristics was conducted on the 100 elderly women (60 to 85 years) with 5 types of hip protector. The questionnaire was composed of history and characteristics on falling, hip protector acceptance, preference, use characteristics and improvement requirements. The result of wearing characteristic evaluation indicated that 52% of the subject experienced falling in winter. Incidents resulting from falling occurred: outdoors (74.5%), bathroom (10.9%), and kitchen (5.5%). Body parts to be protected were in several areas: 35.6% for lumbar, 26.9% for hip joint, and 15% for hip bone. Participants prefer a belt B type design at a rate of 56.9% because it provided a sense of stability by clinging to the body and upholding the waist. Belt B type was the most appropriate in terms of fit, allowance, mobility, and design except pad thickness. To reduce the risk of hip fracture, hip protector needs to be designed in consideration of user's type of fall and body shape. The pattern and size of a hip protector has to be improved in regards to the amount of discomfort. An objective evaluation is needed for the ergonomic design of a hip protector based on and analysis of 3D body image of the elderly and the shock-absorbing quality of pad.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.231-240
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• 2015

Objective : This study is for providing data about men's functional sport underpants. It provides the fundamental data of biomechanics by measuring and analyzing the functionality of various underpants using infrared thermal image camera. Method : Then author drew a conclusion based on the final analysis of 965 questionnaire survey results about issues on men's functional sport underpants after discarding invalid questionnaires, as following. Change in body temperature while wearing functional underpants compared to general briefs or boxer pants showed lower temperature by approximately 1~2 degrees Celsius. In the case of general underpants, wearer sweats and feels hotter due to the friction of penis, scrotum and thigh. However functional sport functional underpants improved this issue with ergonomic 3D design by putting penis towards the lower part of the abdomen(below the navel) while putting the scrotum comfortably on the testicles, which enables to make room between the penis, scrotum and thigh of a wearer. Results : This was analyzed to lower the temperature of penis and scrotum. The survey results about the quality of functional underpants showed that 78% of the respondents felt comfortable while driving; 68.5% replied that frictional heat decreased while working out; 78.7% felt less sweat and humidity; 81.7% replied as highly wearable and comfortable; 77.1% replied functional sport underpants were the most comfortable in routine lives or in workout times. Putting all such results together, it is possible to conclude that functional sport is an excellent product. Conclusion : This can be evaluated as an excellent functional sport underpants, towards the penis abdomen (under the navel) in 3D human engineering design, by the scrotum to wearing to be easier to scrotum of pocket, the penis and scrotum and thighs were separated and analyzed with a function that will lower the body temperature of the penis and scrotum.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

This is a humanistic study to trace phenomena logically the comprehensive therapeutic mechanism of the human body which is coded by the smart emotion of the rated signal conveyed by the Rated Sijo. The Gestalt, which is structured in the form of therapeutic metastasis conveyed by sentences, is intended to embody the principle of human response. So, this researcher explored the metastatic structure toward Gestalt of original human being through the passage of foreground and background by ergonomic and chemical structure. In the meantime, this researcher focused on revealing the structure of the field of existence by the symbol system in which the therapeutic mechanism of the human body is embodied. As a result, the basic framework of Gestalt literary therapy, which contributes to the improvement of the Quality of Life metaphorized as a mechanism of the symbol system by the metastasis of literary therapy or the electrical operation of the human body. As a result, the human body as a conductor through literature has turned out to be an original Gestalt structure pursued by literature. In addition, it was analyzed that the human body would accept signals such as emotions and Rated Emotions planted in the sentence, and synapse them into the human physiological psycho analytical symbol system. Therefore, it has been confirmed possibility that human existent environment and trauma are separated from the whole universe can push fully implement therapeutic techniques toward totalization by a combination of literary devices, especially appropriate electric signal combination of the Rated Sijo.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.893-918
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• 2010

This article is purposed of reviewing the development history of Japanese dental devices and instrument, and their related advertisement activities during the Japanese colonized period in Korea in early 20th century. Japanese dental devices and instrument were redesigned to accommodate their ergonomic shape above the simple imitation, and it implies the excessive desires brought them frustrations. The tragic earthquake on Sep. l, 1923, medical insurance law enforcement on Jan. 1, 1927, celebration of "Cavity prevention Day" started on Jun. 4, 1928, and the attack of Manchuria and China by Japan after 1931, all of these historical incidents become the preliminary requirement for the development of dental devices. On Nov. 1, 1937, Japanese government started to control dental materials, driving the campaigns for excluding foreign products and encourging the use of local products. In 1939, Nakajima dental manufacturers used this political and social atmosphere on their advertisement as saying "Our Nakajima's products have no compromise with the short raw materials, but only commitment to our quality". Since after 1940, the price and supply have been strongly under control, and the control group was appeared to manage all of supply and distribution of raw materials, regular price system, and specifications. At last, the Japanese national power were devastated in its production and distribution capacities, and get to the frustrated period. The main advertised dental devices and instruments in Korea during the Japanese colonized period were 1) dental chair, unit and cabinet, 2) dental x-ray, 3) compressors, 4) dental needles, 5) small instrument and carryon medical(emergency) kit, 6) oral hygiene and pyorrhea alveolaris, infrared rays, sunlight lamp, ultrashort wave treatment devices, 7)crown former, electric furnace, casting machine, articulator, electric lathe, and laboratory equipments, etc.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.48-58
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy on motor function recovery following a stroke through a systemic review and meta-analysis. In total, nine of the 48 studies were identified from search engines between 1997 and 2011, as well as from a review of the reference lists of each identified study. The quality of each study was assessed using Jadad scale, and the effect size was calculated as a Cohen's effect size using MetaAnalyst (Beta 3.13). The overall effect size of the mirror therapy was 2.005 (95% confidence interval=1.041~2.970) in a random-effects model. This finding suggests that mirror therapy is beneficial for improving motor function following a stroke. The results from the subgroup analysis according to categorical variables were as follows: First, the effect size was larger for an onset time of less than 1 year (1.166) than for a duration of 1 year or more (.668). Second, the effect size of unpublished dissertations (1.610) was larger than published articles (1.221). Third, motor recovery of upper extremities (1.609) had a greater effect than motor recovery of lower extremities (.903). The major limitation of this study is the relatively small study population. Therefore, further individual studies of mirror therapy should be conducted in order to generalize the effects. In addition, mirror therapy supervised by a physical therapist should be recognized as a potential approach to manage motor function following a stroke and recommended to patients to improve their motor function.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.831-841
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• 2010

Usability evaluation of physical products involves characterizing complex physical interactions between humans and products. Human models known as manikins have been widely utilized as usability evaluation tools for automobile interior package design. When combined with computer-aided design software programs, such manikins can be used to simulate driving postures and evaluate driver-interior fits early in the design process, and therefore, may greatly facilitate achieving high-quality design in a cost-efficient manner. The purpose of this study was to define a set of manikins for designing automobile interior packages for the South Korean male population. These manikins were conceptualized as "boundary" manikins, which represent individuals lacking in certain physical capacities or having usability-related issues (e.g., an individual with the 5th percentile forward reach capability, an individual with the 95th percentile shoulder width). Such boundary manikins can serve as an efficient tool for determining if an automobile interior design accommodates the majority of the population. The boundary manikins were selected from the large sample of Korean males whose anthropometric dimensions were described in the recent Size Korea anthropometric database. For each male in the database, his comfortable driving posture was represented using a kinematic body linkage model and various physical capacity measured and usability-related characteristics relevant to driver accommodation were evaluated. For each such measure, a boundary manikin was selected among the Korean males. The manikins defined in this study are expected to serve as tools for ergonomic design of automobile interior packages. The manikin selection method developed in this study was implemented as a generic software program useful for various product design applications.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.203-208
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• 2019

Medical color graphic research will serve as the basis for globally expanding and disseminating the design quality of the company's products through the era of production of medical robots. This study was based on technologies and contents suitable for the era of medical robot bed expansion, universal medical color application, ergonomic color, etc. In addition, the medical bed robot's color research direction was presented from the perspective of universal design. Accordingly, a universal color design was proposed, taking the functions of a medical robot under development by a domestic company as an example. The characteristics of this robot bed can be divided into three types of functions: first, treatment characteristics for prevention of pressure ulcers with curative, second, automatic seat exchange with cleanliness for medical environment, and third, Convenient, which can implement patient transport. The main idea is to present a combination of functional colors appropriate for this. The resulting color analysis and universal color design techniques could be a useful methodology for illustrating the appearance and function of a modern medical robot bed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.325-340
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• 1998

A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between sick building syndrome(SBS) and the environmental factors affecting SBS on 130 underground workers and 60 controls. The study consisted of 1) a review of environmental condition 2) measurement of temperature, $O_2$, $CO_2$, CO, and formaldehyde and 3) a questionnaire survey of symptom prevalence and perception of environmental conditions using indoor Air Quality questionnaire recommended by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Bronchitis and dust allergy were more prevalent in underground workers significantly(p < 0.05). Among the 18 symptoms related to the indoor air pollution, the experience rate of dry, itching or irritated eyes, sore or dry throat, chest tightness, tired or strained eyes and dry or itchy skin symptom was significantly different between the underground workers and controls. The diagnostic criteria of SBS was defined as at least 1 symptom is experienced 1-3 times a week during the last 1 month among 18 indoor air pollution related symptoms which can be relieved by moving out of the underground. Applying the criteria, the mean symptom score was significant higher in underground workers than controls significantly (p < 0.05). These resalts indicated that underground workers are under inappropriate ergonomic and physical condition and inadequate ventilation. Their experience rate of symptoms related to indoor air pollution and prevalence of SBS was significantly higher than controls. To reduce the prevalence of SBS of underground workers, the surveillance system of indoor air quality, restriction of using fuel in underground and legislative regulations for the environment are needed to establish a better indoor air quality. Early detection, treatment and prevention of SBS through medical attention is also needed.