• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.3 s.234
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• pp.369-386
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• 2005

Various aspects of structural optimization techniques under transient loads are extensively reviewed. The main themes of the paper are treatment of time dependent constraints, calculation of design sensitivity, and approximation. Each subject is reviewed with the corresponding papers that have been published since 1970s. The treatment of time dependent constraints in both the direct method and the transformation method is discussed. Two ways of calculating design sensitivity of a structure under transient loads are discussed - direct differentiation method and adjoint variable method. The approximation concept mainly focuses on re- sponse surface method in crashworthiness and local approximation with the intermediate variable Especially, as an approximated optimization technique, Equivalent Static Load method which takes advantage of the well-established static response optimization technique is introduced. And as an application area of dynamic response optimization technique, the structural optimization in flexible multibody dynamic systems is re- viewed in the viewpoint of the above three themes

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2008

There are two ways of conventional thermal distortion analysis. One is the thermal elasto-plastic analysis and the other is the equivalent forces method based on inherent strain. The former needs exorbitant analysis time, while the latter cannot obtain results of stress field and it needs much time consumption with loads modeling on curved plates. Such faults in two methods have made difficulties in thermal distortion analysis of a large structure like ship hull. In order to solve them, new kind of thermal distortion analysis method was developed. We devised that the inherent strains was used as direct input factors in forms of boundary conditions. It was embodied by using thermal expansion coefficient in commercial code. We used the pre-calculated inherent strain as thermal expansion coefficient, and endowed nodes with imaginary temperatures. This method was already adopted at hull block welding distortion analysis which was considered as impossible, and gave productive results such as reduction of work time in the dry dock.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

For the reliability evaluation of the track drive unit(TDU), firstly, we analyzed the major failure modes through FMEA(failure mode & effects analysis), FTA(failure tree analysis), and 2-stage QFD(quality function deployment), and then quantitatively determined the priority order of test items. The Minitab analysis was also performed for prediction of life distribution and parameters of TDU by use of field failure data collected from 430 excavators for two years. In addition, we converted the fluctuation load in field conditions into the equivalent load, and for evaluation of the accelerated lift by the cumulative fatigues, the equivalent load is again divided into the fluctuation load by reference of test time. And then, by use of the test method in this paper, the acceleration factor(AF) of needle bearing inside planetary gear which is the most weakly designed part of TDU is achieved as 5.3. This paper presents the quantitative selection method of test items for reliability evaluation, the determination method of the accelerated life test time, and the method of non-failure test time based on a few of samples. And, we proved the propriety of the proposed methods by experiments using a TDU for a 30 ton excavator.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.225-233
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• 2001

SIME(SIngle Machine Equivalent) method has been recognized as a useful tool to determine transient stability of power systems. In this paper, SIME method is used to develop the KEPCO transient stability assessment (TSA) tool. A new screening algorithm that can be implemented in SIME method is proposed. The salient feature of the proposed screening algorithm is as follows. First, critical generators are identified by a new index in the early stage of the time domain simulation. Thus, computational time required to find OMIB(One Machine Infinite Bus) can be reduced significantly. Second, clustering critical machines can be performed even in very stable cases. It enables to be avoid extra calculation of time trajectory that is needed in SIME for classifying the stable cases. Finally, using power-angle trajectory and subdividing contingency classification have improved the screening capability. This algorithm is applied to the fast TSA of the KEPCO system.

• Journal of KIEE
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2001

SIME(Single Machine Equivalent) method has been recognized as a useful tool to determine transient stability of power system. In this paper, SIME method is used to develop the KEPCO transient stability assessment (TSA) tool. A new screening algorithm that can be generators are identified by a new index in the early stage of the time domain simulation. Thus, computational time require to find OMIB(One Machine Infinite Bus) can be reduced significantly. Second, clustering critical machines can be performed even in very stable cases. It enables to be avoid extra calculation of time trajectory that is needed in SIME for classifying the stable cases. This algorithm is applied to the fast TSA of the KEPCO system in the year of 2010.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

The paper presents preliminary investigation results for the effect of the baseline correction in the acceleration excitation method on finite element seismic analysis results (such as accumulated equivalent plastic strain, equivalent plastic strain considering cyclic plasticity, von Mises effective stress, etc) of nuclear safety Class I components. For investigation, finite element elastic-plastic time-history seismic analysis is performed for a surge line including a pressurizer lower head, a pressurizer surge nozzle, a surge piping, and a hot leg surge nozzle using the Chaboche hardening model. Analysis is performed for various seismic loading methods such as acceleration excitation methods with and without the baseline correction, and a displacement excitation method. Comparing finite element analysis results, the effect of the baseline correction is investigated. As a result of the investigation, it is identified that finite element analysis results using the three methods do not show significant difference.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2023

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61788-26:2020 provides guidelines for measuring the critical current of Rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tapes using two methods: linear ramp and step-hold methods. The critical current measurement criterion, 1 or 0.1 μV/cm of electric field from IEC 61788-26 has been normally applied to REBCO coils or magnets. No-insulation (NI) winding technique has many advantages in aspects of electrical and thermal stability and mechanical integrity. However, the leak current from the NI REBCO coil can cause distortion in critical current measurement due to the characteristic resistance which causes the radial current flow paths. In this paper, we simulated the NI REBCO coil by applying both linear ramp and step-hold methods based on a simplified equivalent circuit model. Using the circuit analysis, we analyzed and evaluated both methods. By using the equivalent circuit model, we can evaluate the critical current of the NI REBCO coil, resulting in an estimation error within 0.1%. We also evaluate the accuracy of critical current measurement using both the linear ramp and step-hold methods. The accuracy of the linear ramp method is influenced by the inductive voltage, whereas the accuracy of the step-hold method depends on the duration of the hold-time. An adequate hold time, typically 5 to 10 times the time constant (τ), makes the step-hold method more accurate than the linear ramp method.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2014

RC shear wall sections which have irregular shapes such as T, ㄱ, ㄷ sections are typically used in low-rise buildings in Korea. Pushover analysis of building containing such members costs a lot of computation time and needs professional knowledge since it requires complicated modeling and, sometimes, fails to converge. In this study, a method using an equivalent column element for the shear wall is proposed. The equivalent column element consists of an elastic column, an inelastic rotational spring, and rigid beams. The inelastic properties of the rotational spring represent the nonlinear behavior of the shearwall and are obtained from the section analysis results and moment distribution for the member. The use of an axial force to compensate the difference in the axial deformation between the equivalent column element and the actual shear wall is also proposed. The proposed method is applied for the pushover analysis of a 5- story shear wall-frame building and the results are compared with ones using the fiber elements. The comparison shows that the inelastic behavior at the same drift was comparable. However, the performance points estimated using the pushover curves showed some deviations, which seem to be caused by the differences of estimated yield point and damping ratios.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.27-47
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• 2015

In this study, the accuracy and reliability of fully nonlinear method against equivalent linear method for dynamic analysis of soil-structure interaction is investigated comparing the predicted results of both numerical procedures with the results of experimental shaking table tests. An enhanced numerical soil-structure model has been developed which treats the behaviour of the soil and the structure with equal rigour. The soil-structural model comprises a 15 storey structural model resting on a soft soil inside a laminar soil container. The structural model was analysed under three different conditions: (i) fixed base model performing conventional time history dynamic analysis, (ii) flexible base model (considering full soil-structure interaction) conducting equivalent linear dynamic analysis, and (iii) flexible base model performing fully nonlinear dynamic analysis. The results of the above mentioned three cases in terms of lateral storey deflections and inter-storey drifts are determined and compared with the experimental results of shaking table tests. Comparing the experimental results with the numerical analysis predictions, it is noted that equivalent linear method of dynamic analysis underestimates the inelastic seismic response of mid-rise moment resisting building frames resting on soft soils in comparison to the fully nonlinear dynamic analysis method. Thus, inelastic design procedure, using equivalent linear method, cannot adequately guarantee the structural safety for mid-rise building frames resting on soft soils. However, results obtained from the fully nonlinear method of analysis fit the experimental results reasonably well. Therefore, this method is recommended to be used by practicing engineers.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2011

The effect of ferrous/ferric molar ratio on the formation of nano-sized magnetite particles was investigated by a co-precipitation method. Ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate were used as iron sources and sodium hydroxide was used as a precipitant. In this experiment, the variables were the ferrous/ferric molar ratio (1.0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0) and the equivalent ratio (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0), while the reaction temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) and reaction time (30 min.) were fixed. Argon gas was flowed during the reactions to prevent the $Fe^{2+}$ from oxidizing in the air. Single-phase magnetite was synthesized when the equivalent ratio was above 2.0 with the ferrous/ferric molar ratios. However, goethite and magnetite were synthesized when the equivalent ratio was 1.0. The crystallinity of magnetite increased as the equivalent ratio increased up to 3.0. The crystallite size (5.6 to 11.6 nm), median particle size (15.4 to 19.5 nm), and saturation magnetization (43 to 71 $emu.g^{-1}$) changed depending on the ferrous/ferric molar ratio. The highest saturation magnetization (71 $emu.g^{-1}$) was obtained when the equivalent ratio was 3.0 and the ferrous/ferric molar ratio was 2.5.