• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.542-559
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• 2011

Most game-theoretic works of Aloha have emphasized investigating Nash equilibria according to the system state represented by the number of network users and their decisions. In contrast, we focus on the possible change of nodes' utility state represented by delay constraint and decreasing utility over time. These foregone changes of nodes' state are more likely to instigate selfish behaviors in networking environments. For such environment, in this paper, we propose a repeated Bayesian slotted Aloha game model to analyze the selfish behavior of impatient users. We prove the existence of Nash equilibrium mathematically and empirically. The proposed model enables any type of transmission probability sequence to achieve Nash equilibrium without degrading its optimal throughput. Those Nash equilibria can be used as a solution concept to thwart the selfish behaviors of nodes and ensure the system stability.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

Tolerance analysis method for natural frequencies of multi-body systems having a equilibrium position is suggested in this paper. To perform the tolerance analysis, the Monte-Carlo Method is conventionally employed. However, the Monte-Carlo Method has some weakness; spending too much time for analysis and having a low accuracy and hard to converge in the numerical unstable area. To resolve these problems, a tolerance analysis method is suggested in this paper. Sensitivity equations of natural frequencies are derived at the equilibrium position. By employing the sensitivity information of mass, damping and stiffness matrices, the sensitivity of natural frequencies can be calculated.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2007

Tolerance analysis method for natural frequencies of multi-body systems having a equilibrium position is suggested in this paper. To perform the tolerance analysis, the Monte-Carlo Method is conventionally employed. However, the Monte-Carlo Method has some weakness; spending too much time for analysis and having a low accuracy and hard to converge in the dynamical unstable area. To resolve these problems, a tolerance analysis method is suggested in this paper. Sensitivity equations of natural frequencies are derived at the equilibrium position. By employing the sensitivity information of mass, damping and stiffness matrices, the sensitivity of natural frequencies can be calculated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.547-556
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• 2011

Two computational methods for determining equilibrium states for the Mark-IV electrorefiner (ER) have been assessed to improve the current computational electrorefiner model developed at University of Idaho. Both methods were validated against measured data to better understand their effects on the calculation of the equilibrium compositions in the ER. In addition, a sensitivity study was performed on the effect of specific unknown activity coefficients-including sodium in molten cadmium, zirconium in molten cadmium, and sodium chloride in molten LiCl-KCl. Both computational methods produced identical results, which stayed within the 95% confidence interval of the experimental data. Furthermore, sensitivity to unavailable activity coefficients was found to be low (a change in concentration of less than 3 ppm).

• Wind and Structures
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.465-480
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• 2017

Modelling an equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in computational wind engineering (CWE) and relevant areas requires the boundary conditions, the turbulence model and associated constants to be consistent with each other. Among them, the inflow boundary conditions play an important role and determine whether the equations of the turbulence model are satisfied in the whole domain. In this paper, the idea of modeling an equilibrium ABL through specifying proper inflow boundary conditions is extended to the SST $k-{\omega}$ model, which is regarded as a better RANS model for simulating the blunt body flow than the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model. Two new sets of inflow boundary conditions corresponding to different descriptions of the inflow velocity profiles, the logarithmic law and the power law respectively, are then theoretically proposed and numerically verified. A method of determining the undetermined constants and a set of parameter system are then given, which are suitable for the standard wind terrains defined in the wind load code. Finally, the full inflow boundary condition equations considering the scale effect are presented for the purpose of general use.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.498-504
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• 2011

속도와 샤프트각 그리고 피치 변화에 따른 토크 평형상태의 자동회전에서 플래핑 거동 특성과 전진비의 변화를 조사하였다. 속도 증가에 따른 압축성 효과를 모사하기 위해 압축성 Navier-Stokes 솔버로 해석된 2차원 데이터를 Pitt/Peters 유도흐름 이론과 함께 사용하였고 토크 평형상태에 대한 세 변수의 조합을 찾기 위해 과도모사법(TSM)을 이용하였다. 토크 평형상태에서 최대 플래핑각을 속도, 샤프트각, 피치와의 관계로 나타내고 전진비 변화와 비교함으로써 후진깃의 역풍영역 확대가 로터의 자동회전 특성에 관여하는 현상을 정성적으로 고찰하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.983-986
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• 2005

Free vibration characteristics of a curved pipe conveying fluid is studied when the pipe is clamped at both ends. Using the perturbation method, the non-linear governing equations divided into two parts; the steady state non-linear equilibrium equations and the linearized equations of motion in the neighborhood of the equilibrium position. The natural frequencies are computed from the linearized equations of motion. In this study, the equilibrium positions are determined by two types of equations, i.e., (1) the non-linear equations, and (2) the equations obtained by neglecting the non-linear terms. The natural frequencies obtained from the non-linear equilibrium equations are compared to those obtained from the linearized equilibrium equations. From the results, as the fluid velocity increases, the equilibrium position should be determined from the nonlinear equations for the vibration analysis of the curved pipe conveying fluid.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.67-70
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• 2005

It is well known as the role of ion exchange membrane with functional group in membrane matrix. Recently, we were reported that the charged mosaic membrane within parallel array of negative and positive charge groups. In this study we are reported the properties for the various transport coefficients of metal and heavy metal ions across charged mosaic membrane based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics is not based on equilibrium state.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 가변수요를 고려한 확률적 사용자균형 통행배정모형을 제시한다. 교통망에서 수요와 공급간의 균형을 가정할 경우, 통행비용의 함수인 가변수요는 통행저항함수(공급함수)와 함께 균형상태로 수렴하며, 이때 확률적 통행배정모형은 통행자들간의 경로인지 통행비용이 동일해지는 확률적 사용자균형상태에 도달하게 된다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 확률적 사용자균형모형은 기존 연구들과는 달리 동적체계(dynamic system)를 기초로 개발된다. 동적체계는 시간의 흐름에 따라 하나의 상태가 다음 상태로 변화하는 과정을 표현하는 수리적인 방법으로 시간의 변화에 따라 그 상태가 변하는 여러 분야에 적용이 가능한데, 주로 제어공학(control engineering)분야에서 활용되어 왔다. 동적 체계의 개념을 도입하면, 기존 모형들과는 달리 쉽게 모형화(formulation)할 수 있으며 풀이과정(solution algorithm)도 간단하다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서도 동적체계를 이용하여 확률적 사용자균형 통행배정(user equilibrium traffic assignment)모형을 제시하고 제시된 모형이 안정적인 해(stable solution)로 수렴한다는 것을 Lyapunov함수를 통하여 증명한다. 또한, 예제 교통망을 통하여 여러가지 의미있는 결과를 도출한다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 1999

Vapor-liquid equilibrium apparatus is designed and set up. The equilibrium data of two binary systems, HFC-32/143a and HFC-143a/134a, are measured. Fifteen equilibrium data for HFC-32/143a and HFC-143a/134a systems are measured over the temperature range 263.15~283.15K at 10K interval and the composition range 0.10~0.80, respectively. And vapor-liquid equilibrium data are calculated using equation of state and correlation of activity coefficient and compared with the present data. Equation of state is used CSD and RKS equations and correlation of activity coefficient is used Margules' and Van Ness and Abbott's correlations. Real behavior of HFC-32/143a system has very large deviation with Raoult's rule which is ideal behavior. But real behavior of HFC-143a/134a system is similar to ideal behavior. The calculated data from CSD equation are compared with the data in the open literatures and the calculated data from REFPROP. In the results for REFPROP, the relative deviations of bubble point pressure for HFC-32/143a system are within -2.16~0.84% for CSD equation and within -0.20~1.10% for RKS equation. And the relative deviations of bubble point pressure for HFC-143a/134a system are within -0.45~0.12% and -0.20~2.8% for CSD and RKS equations, respectively.