• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1981

단일집진법(單一集塵法)을 써서 공기부유진중(空氣浮游塵中)에 존재(存在)하는 라돈 붕괴생성물(崩壞生成物), 즉, RaA, RaB 및 RaC 의 방사능(放射能)(또는 농도(濃度))을 측정(測定)하였다. 이것은 단일집진장치(單一集塵裝置)를 이용하여 평균공격(平均孔隔)(mean pore size)이 $0.8{\mu}m$인 membrane 노지(瀘紙)에 채취(採取)한 시료(試料)의 전(全) 알파방사능(放射能)을 시차별(時差別)로 측정(測定)한 후 그 결과(結果)로부터 라돈 붕괴생성물(崩壞生成物)의 농도(濃度)를 Ci 또는 WL(working level) 단위(單位)로 산출(算出)하는 방법(方法)이다. 여기서는 농도외(濃度外)에도 농도치(濃度値)의 표준편차(標準偏差) 및 라돈 붕괴생성물(崩壞生成物)의 방사평형상태(放射平衡狀態)를 나타내는 방사평형인자(放射平衡因子)와 방사평형비(放射平衡比)를 구(求)하였다. Ci 및 WL단위(單位)로 주어진 라돈 붕괴생성물(崩壞生成物)의 농도(濃度)는 실험기간중(實驗期間中) 각각 $0.30{\sim}2.36pCi/l$ 및 $0.89{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}6.57{\times}10^{-3}WL$로서 시간적(時間的) 요동이 심하였는데 대개 하루중(中) 오전(午前)에 높고 오후(午後)에 낮은 현상을 보여 주었다. RaA, RaB 및 RaC의 농도산출(濃度算出)에 따른 표준편차(標準偏差)는 각각 ${\pm}57.75%,\;{\pm}22.32%$ 및 ${\pm}31.29%$였으며 방사평형인자(放射平衡因子)는 평균(平均) 0.322였다. 그리고 RaA를 모핵종(母核種)으로 가정(假定)했을 때 각핵종간(各核種間)의 방사평형비(放射平衡比)는 대개 $C_1>C_2>C_3$인 것으로 나타났다. 여기서 $C_1,\;C_2$ 및 $C_3$는 각각 RaA, RaB 및 RaC의 농도(濃度)를 나타낸다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2009

This study was conducted to verify the simulation model through the drying test, and investigate effect of factors, such as temperature of drying air, airflow rate, and velocity of the airflow, on the drying. The low temperature drying simulation model was developed based on the circulation dry simulation model presented by Keum et al. (1987), and by modifying low temperature thin layer drying model, equilibrium moisture content model, latent heat of vaporization model, and crack ratio prediction model. The heat pump and experimental dryer with a capacity of 150kg were used for the test. The RMSE between the predicted and measured value was 0.27% (drying temperature), 0.15% (crack ratio), and 2.08% (relative humidity), so the relevance of the model was verified. In addition, the effect of drying temperature, airflow rate, and velocity of the airflow on the drying was examined. The experimental results showed that the crack ratio at drying temperature of $25{\sim}40^{\circ}C$ was allowable. Moreover, at below $30^{\circ}C$, variation of the crack ratio was slight, but drying time was delayed. Given these results, the drying temperature of over $30^{\circ}C$ was effective. As the airflow rate increased, required energy dramatically increased. Whereas drying rate slowly increased, so loss of drying efficiency was caused. Considering these results, the dryer needed to be designed and adjusted to lower than $30\;m^3/min{\cdot}ton$. As velocity of the airflow increased, required drying energy increased when the velocity of the airflow was over $5\;m^3$/hr, while crack ratio and drying rate showed little variation.

• 멤브레인
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 공기 중의 수분을 선택적으로 제거하기 위해 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 에 가교제로서 poly(styrene sulfonic acid-eo-maleic acid) (PSSA-MA)와 막의 물에 대한 선택적 분리 특성을 향상시키기 위해 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (THS-PSA) 를 첨가하여 막을 제조하였다. PSSA_MA 와 THS-PSA의 양과 가교온도를 변화시켜 가며 막을 제조하였다. 또한 제조된 막의 분리특성을 살펴보기 위해 동적증기용해도와 증기투과 실험을 수행하였다. 동적증기용해도 실험으로부터 가교온도의 증가는 평형 용해 상태에 도달하는데 더 오래 걸리는 것을 알 수 있었다. $120^{\circ}C$에서 제조 된 PVA/PSSA_MA (3%)/THA-PSA(7%) 막이 $35^{\circ}C$에서 가장 투과도가 높은 480 barrer를 나타내었다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2017

This study describes (1) the impact of positive sampling artifacts caused by not only a filter-based sampling, but also a denuder-based sampling in the determination of particle-phase organic carbon (POC), (2) the effect of sample flow rate on positive artifacts, and (3) an optimum flow rate that provides a minimized negative sampling artifact for the denuder-based sampling method. To achieve the goals of this study, four different sampling media combinations were employed: (1) Quartz filter-alone (Q-alone), (2) quartz filter behind quartz-fiber filter (QBQ), (3) quartz filter and quartz filter behind Teflon filter (Q-QBT), and (4) quartz filter behind carbon-based denuder (Denuder-Q). The measurement of ambient POC was carried out in an urban area. In addition, to determine gas-phase OC (GOC) removal efficiency of the denuder, a Teflon filter and a quartz filter were deployed upstream and downstream of the denuder, respectively with varying sample flow rates: 5, 10, 20, and 30 LPM. It was found that Q-alone sampling configuration showed a higher POC than QBQ, Q-QBT, and Denuder-Q by 12%, 28%, and 23%, respectively at a sample flow rate of 20 LPM due to no correction for positive artifact caused by adsorption of GOC onto the filter. A lower quantity of GOC was collected from the backup quartz filter on QBQ than that from Q-QBT. This was because GOC was not in equilibrium with that adsorbed on the front quartz filter of QBQ during the sampling period. It is observed that the loss of particle number and mass across the denuder increases with decreasing sample flow rate. The contribution o f positive arti facts to POC decreased with increasing sample flow rate, showing 29%, 25%, and 22% for 10, 20, and 30 LPM, respectively. The 20 LPM turns out to be the optimum sample flow rate for both filter and denuder-based POC sampling.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998년도 공동 심포지엄 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.57-59
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• 1998

The headspace method has been acknowledged as a cost-effective and convenient method to analyze volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in soil. The headspace analysis is based on equilibrium partitioning of VOCs among water, air and soil in a closed system. However, the headspace method cannot be applied to soils where most of the VOCs remain sorbed even at high temperature. In this study, it was investigated how the sorption characteristics of VOCs varied with soil with different organic carbon contents and temperature. This study showed that all the VOCs were volatilized, not sorved, only in the soil with 5% organic carbon at 45$^{\circ}C$ or higher. Some fraction of VOCs remained in soil with 8% organic carbon at $65^{\circ}C$ of higher. Most of the VOCs remained sorbed in soil with 12% organic content even at 95$^{\circ}C$. This result suggested that the headspace method can be applied only to soils with little organic carbon content (less than 5%). In this case, 45$^{\circ}C$ seems to be high enough to volatilize all the VOCs from soil. Large particles still showed a significant sorption capacity for VOCs from soil. Large Particles still showed a significant sorption capacity for VOCs despite of their low level of organic carbon content. It was also shown that the organic carbon sorption coefficients (Koc) of VOCs varied with soils with different organic carbon content. This suggests that not only the organic matter content of soil but also the property of the organic matter in soil influence the sorption of VOCs to soil.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2017

To understand the defect chemistry of multiferroic $BiFeO_3-based$ systems, we synthesized nonstoichiometric $Bi_{1+x}FeO_{3{\pm}{\delta}}$ ceramics by conventional solid-state reaction method and studied their structural, dielectric and high-temperature charge transport properties. Incorporation of an excess amount of $Bi_2O_3$ lowered the Bi deficiency in $BiFeO_3$. Polarization versus electric field (P-E) hysteresis loop and dielectric properties were found to be improved by the $Bi_2O_3$ addition. To better understand the defect effects on the multiferroic properties, the high temperature equilibrium electrical conductivity was measured under various oxygen partial pressures ($pO_2{^{\prime}}s$). The charge transport behavior was also examined through thermopower measurement. It was found that the oxygen vacancies contribute to high ionic conduction, showing $pO_2$ independency, and the electronic carrier is electron (n-type) in air and Ar gas atmospheres.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.738-742
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• 2012

This paper conducted a study on how the heat radiation of light emitting diode(LED) luminaires affects the indoor temperature increase. The effect was compared with that of a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp(CFL) and a 50 W MR16 halogen lamp which are most widely used inside of cruises, a LED downlight and a 4W MR16 LED replacing each of them. We installed a luminarie inside a thermally shielded chamber, measuring the temperature changes under the same volume every 5 minutes and compared the result with theoretically calculated heat radiation. The temperature changes in the chamber was measured four times, on seven hours' period in order to keep sufficient time once the temperature reaches the thermal equilibrium state. The results showed that the temperature of the 20 W E26 CFL and the 10 W LED downlight increased by $21.1^{\circ}C$ and $10.4^{\circ}C$ respectively, while that of the 50 W halogen MR16 and the 4 W LED MR16 increased by $33.9^{\circ}C$ and $4.8^{\circ}C$ respectively. The experimental heat radiation were calculated from the results and the experimental heat radiation of the CFL and the LED downlight were 171.5 cal and 86.5 cal, and those of the halogen MR16 and the LED MR16 were 275.3 cal and 36.5 cal. Therefore, the heat radiation was reduced by 49.5% and 86.7%, respectively, by replacing conventional light source with LED. In conclusion, we can expect a reduction of power consumption in air condition system and the effect on indoor temperature increase by application of LED luminaires.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2011

일반적인 불포화지반의 거동뿐만 아니라, 열과 관련된 분야, 지반환경 분야 등 다양한 분야에서 불포화 다공질 재료의 열적-수리적-역학적으로 결합된 문제들이 대두되면서 이러한 문제들을 해석하기 위한 수치도구 개발의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 거시적 접근법(macroscopic approach)에 근거하여 불포화지반에 대한 열-수리-역학거동의 수식화를 하였다. 흙, 물, 공기에 대한 질량보존의 법칙, 에너지 보존법칙, 그리고 하중평형 조건식으로부터 결합된(coupled) 4개의 지배방정식을 유도하였다. Galerkin 간략화와 시간적분으로부터 주 변수인 변위(u), 가스압($P_g$), 유체압($P_1$), 온도(T)를 Newton의 반복과정을 이용하여 구하는 유한요소 프로그램(FEM)을 작성하였다. 개발된 프로그램을 이용하여 다공질재료에서 2상 흐름 문제 중 일차원 배수실험(u-$P_g-P_1$), 온도 압밀(u-$P_1$-T), 그리고 지표면 온도변화에 의한 말뚝의 주변지반에 대한 영향(u-$P_1$-T)에 대하여 수치해석을 수행하고 논의하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.796-804
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• 2013

연소 및 추진 기관 공학 교육 과정의 일부로써 간단한 형태의 열기관인 감자총 (Potato Gun)의 제작, 시험 및 해석을 수행하였다. 정적 연소실의 화학 평형 해석을 이용하여 연소실의 압력을 계산하고, 팽창과정의 열역학 해석을 통하여 열에너지의 운동에너지로 변환되는 내탄도 과정을 계산하였다. 공기역학적 지식을 도입한 구형 탄도 궤적 해석을 통하여 비행거리를 추정할 수 있었으며, 이를 통하여 감자총의 에너지 변환 효율 및 혼합기의 당량비를 추정하였다. 본 과제는 재활용 자재를 이용하여 학부 수준에서 열-유체역학공학 지식을 활용하여 실습하고 학생들의 관심을 유발할 수 있는 적당한 예로 여겨진다.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.172-181
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• 2005

국내 원전에서 공기 중 삼중수소 농도를 평가하기 위해 사용하는 삼중수소 버블러의 포집효율에 대하여 고찰하였다. 수증기 형태인 공기 중 삼중수소는 기포가 물을 통과하는 동안 평형농도에 도달하게 된다. 많은 양의 기체시료를 통과시킬 경우 포집수의 삼중수소 농도가 높아지고 포집수가 감소하거나 증가하는 현상이 발생하여 포집효율에 영향을 미치게 된다. 이러한 영향을 고려한 포집수의 예측농도는 실측값과 잘 맞았다. 통상적인 방식과 같이 초기 포집수량을 이용하여 삼중 수소 포집량을 평가할 경우 기체시료의 상대습도가 0.5보다 높으면 포집효율은 1보다 낮아지고 상대습도가 0.5보다 낮으면 포집효율은 1보다 높아진다. 상대습도가 0.5가 아니더라도 $\frac{포화수증기량\times기체통과량}{포집수량}$을 작게 하면 포집효율을 1에 가깝게 유지할 수 있다.