• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.297-312
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Seoungma (Gyeonggi-do). The vascular plant were collected 13 times (from March to October 2011), and 384 taxa in total were identified, including 94 families, 260 genera, 340 species, 5 subspecies, 37 varieties and 2 forms. Korean endemic plants of this area were nine taxa; Clematis brachyura, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Forsythia koreana, Paulownia coreana, etc. Rare plants (IUCN) by the Korean Forest Service and Korean National Arboretum three taxa were recorded; one Critically Endangered species (CR), Prunus yedoensis, one Vulnerable species (VU), Epimedium koreanum, one Least Concemed species (LC), Phacelurus latifolius. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 15 taxa comprising two taxa of grade V and III, one taxa of grade II, 10 taxa of grade I. Furthermore, therophytes (28.3%), hemicryptophytes (23.0%), hydrophytes (14.3%) showed high proportional ratio in life form spectrum. The naturalized plants were identified as 43 taxa and the percent of naturalized index (NI) was 11.2% of total 384 taxa vascular plants. The vegetation status of investigated area was comparatively well conserved, but the degree of damage was increasing rapidly by the disturbances of human beings. Therefore, a long-term monitoring of vegetation changes and movement grasp must become accomplished.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.554-574
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• 2018

Mt. Bonghwa reaches a height of 800 m (2,870 ft) and stands on the flank of Mt. Daeam-san, which has an elevation of 1,304 m (4,278 ft). It is important to survey the flora of Bonghwa-san in that it is a way to make out what kind of plant species exist in DMZ due to the geographical characteristics of Bonghwa-san adjacent to Korean DMZ. Therefore this study was conducted to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants and their value of Bonghwa-san. The vascular plants that were collected 10 times from May 2015 to April 2017 consisted of a total of 525 taxa; 93 families, 309genera, 458 species, 4 subspecies, 58 varieties and 5 forms. The observed rare plant species as designated by Korea Forest Service were 12 taxa including Echinosophora koreensis, Epimedium koreanum, Anemone koraiensis etc. Endemic species were 16 taxa containing Cirsium setidens, Heloniopsis koreana, Salvia chanryoenica etc. 31 taxa were recorded as naturalized plants and their naturalized rate and urban index were noted as 5.8% and 7.25%. Among the surveyed 525 taxa, edible, medicinal, pasturing, ornamental, timber, dye, fiber and industrial plants included 213 taxa, 172 taxa, 196 taxa, 50 taxa, 23 taxa, 10 taxa, 6 taxa and 3 taxa, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.495-502
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• 2015

This study intended to provide basic data required in establishing policies for improving the forestry management and the compensation standard for the loss from non-timber forest products by examining the cost of cultivating key medicinal herbs and the earnings from them to analyze the income. According to the income analysis on the cultivation of medicinal herbs, the average annual income per unit area of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara was the highest as it recorded 14,233,000 won/10a and was followed by Pleuropterus multiflorus TURCZ. which recorded 4,121,000 won/10a, Gastrodia elata Blume 3,766,000 won/10a, Epimedium koreanum Nakai 3,537,000 won/10a, Atractylodes ovata (Thunb.) DC. 2,655,000 won/10a, Aralia continentalis Kitagawat 1,048,000 won/10a, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas 1,025,000 won/10a, and Bupleurum falcatum L. 919,000 won/10a. Compared with the income from major nuts and fruits analyzed in 2014, the average annual income per unit area for medicinal herbs was relatively higher. For Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara and Aralia continentalis Kitagawat, soots are used for food and the roots for medicine, it appears that it can become a new income source for the farming and mountain villages. Meanwhile, the price for Paeonia lactiflora Pallas is dropping due to Chinese imports, and also damage to the income from other medicinal herbs due to Chinese imports is expected with the implementation of Korea-China FTA in the future.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2002

Effects of medicinal herb extract on nonspecific immune responses, hematology and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were evaluated. Wormwood, Artemisia asiatica NAKAI and barrenwort, Epimedium koreanum NAKAI were mixed at a ratio of 7 : 3 (w/w) for 2-herbs extract and wormwood, barrenwort, Korean forsythia, Forsythia koreana NAKAI, chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum KITAMURA, peppermint, Mentha arvensis L. var, piperascens MALINV., great burnet, Snaguisorba afficinalis L., Lizard tail. Saururus chinensis BAILL., mulberry, Morus alba L., and star anise, Illicium varum HOOK, f, at the same weight for 9-herbs extract. Two-herbs of 9-herbs extract were prepared by heating after adding 10㎖ of distilled water per g of the herb mixtures. Fish (10.3$\pm$2.5g) were fed the experimental diets supplemented with the 2-herbs or 9-herbs extract at the different concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% per kg diet for 12 weeks. Lysozyme and bactericidal activities of serum, and hematological characteristics were examined during experimental period. After feeding test period, all experimental groups were challenged with E. tarda. Lysozyme activity from the fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% or 0.5% of 2-herbs extract was significantly higher than the control. But there was no difference both in bactericidal activity and hematology among each group. Sixty seven % of relative percent survival values (RPS) in the group fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% of 2-herbs was higher than the other group and the control. These results suggest that supplenmentation of 0.1% of 2-herbs extract to a commercial diet may enhance disease resistance in olive flounder. Although both 0.1% and 0.5% 9-herbs extract did not improve non-specific immune reponses, they could enhance disease resistance of 53% RPS, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2021

This study conducted a survey on flora at Mt. susdolbon(508m), Mt. seongjubong (625.3m), and Mt. sulibong(596.2m), located in Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do. A total of 403 taxa, including 6 forms, 43 varieties, 4 subspecies, 350 species, 255 genera, and 84 families, were surveyed in the three mountain areas. 18 taxa from 5 families of ferns, 3 taxa from 1 family of gymnosperms, and the dicotyledonous plants as 302 taxa from 69 families of the dicotyledonous plants were identified. The remarkable plants included 11 taxa of the Korean endemic plants, such as Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix koriyanagi, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Aconitum pseudolaeve, Clematis trichotoma, Echinosophora koreensis, Vicia chosenensis, Salvia chanryoenica, and Hemerocallis hakuunensis. The rare plants designated by the Korea Forest Service were 4 taxa, including Echinosophora koreensis as endangered species (EC), Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Epimedium koreanum, and Lilium cernuum. The Least Concern species (LC) were 13 taxa, including Persicaria orientalis, Exochorda serratifolia, Viola diamantiaca, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and Trigonotis icumae. The invasive alien plants were 28 taxa, including Persicaria orientalis, Rumex crispus, Phytolacca americana, Cerastium glomeratum, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ficifolium, Amorpha fruticosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Oxalis dillenii, Euphorbia supina, and Oenothera biennis, accounting for 6.9 percent of the 403 taxa of the surveyed plants.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.383-388
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• 2010

Identification of natural compounds that can prevent the development of obesity in vivo is time consuming and expensive. We have used in vitro systems derived from pig adipose tissue to screen simple aqueous or ethanolic extracts of Korean medicinal herbs (KMH) for their anti-adipogenic potential. A total of 183 extracts were tested for their actions in lipogenesis of pig adipose tissue and differentiation of pig preadipocytes. Ethanol extracts were prepared from 72 and aqueous extracts were prepared from 111 medicinal herbs. Both an ethanolic and an aqueous extract were prepared from 65 of these. Thirteen extracts substantially altered rates of lipogenesis in vitro. The effects of KMH on lipogenesis of pig adipose tissue are as follows. Elevens reduced lipogenesis to rates that were more than 40% lower than control and four of these reduced rates of lipogenesis by more than 70%. The most potent anti-lipogenic extracts were those obtained in ethanol from Iridaceae and from Sophora flavescens AIT as well as both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Lysimachia vulgaris L. Two extracts, those prepared in water from Caesalpiniae lignum and from Phellodendri cortex, were found to promote rates of lipogenesis in vitro. The effects of KMH on differentiation of pig preadoipocytes are as follows. Twentyeight extracts altered the rates of differentiation of cultured porcine preadipocytes. Sixteen increased and twelve reduced the rates of differentiation of preadipocytes. Extracts prepared in ethanol from Moutan radicis cortex and from Ostericum koreanum and those prepared in water from Angelicae gigantis radix, from Inula henenium L and from Magnolia flos doubled the rate of differentiation of cultured porcine preadipocytes. Ten extracts reduced the in vitro rate of differentiation of porcine preadipocytes by more than 35%. These were the ethanolic extracts from Glycyrrizae radix, Nepetae spica and from Polygala myrtifolia and the aqueous extracts from Amaranthaceae, Asparagus cochinchinesis, Atractylodis rhizoma alba, Citrus junos TANAKA, Cyperus rotundus, Epimedium grandiflorum and from Moutan radicis cortex. Only the ethanolic extract from Polygala myrtifolia was able to both reduce lipogenesis in adipose tissue slices and retard differentiation of cultured preadipocytes. The results of our study will provide meaningful information to identify medicinal herbs which would reduce fat deposition in livestocks and humans.