• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.263-274
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the correlation of insomnia, sleep quality, depression, and circadian rhythm in nursing students. Methods: A total of 213 subjects completed a questionnaire consisting of their general characteristics, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), and Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: The subjects' mean scores were ISI 7.18; PSQI 11.18; CES-D 16.00; and CSM 30.18. In insomnia, there were significant differences according to caffeine, perceived health status and major satisfaction. In sleep quality, there were significant differences according to perceived health status and major satisfaction. Significant differences in depression were observed according to gender, caffeine, subjective health status, major satisfaction, and circadian rhythm by drinking and exercise. A significant positive correlation was observed among ISI, PSQI, and CES-D. ISI and CES-D were negatively correlated. Conclusion: Tailored health care programs should be developed and applied to prevent and manage sleep-related and emotion-related problems in nursing students by considering the health status, major satisfaction, and gender.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.189-201
• /
• 1997

The primary purpose of this study is to develop a measure of tracking by using a modified kappa statistic. Understanding tracking phenomena in epidemiologic studies is quite important, because precautionary measure can be made in the early stage of the outcome event. Several authors proposed measures of tracking. Among them we compared ours against McMahan's using a simulation study. Finally we applied our procedure and McMahan's to real data. We may conclude that our statistic is adequate in explaining and detecting the tracking phenomenon.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.161-173
• /
• 1996

The cariostatic effect of fluoride had been established by many epidemiologic and experimental studies. But, there are still different views on the mechnism of cariostasis and remineralization, especially about the proper fluoride concentration. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the remineralization of caries lesion and influence of fluoride concentration which affect remineralization by a study based on dynamic mechanism. The subjects, sound permanent teeth without demineralization or crack, were immersed in lactic acid buffered demineralization solution for 4 days. Dental caries with surface zone and subsurface lesion were artificially produced. All specimens were immersed in lactic acid buffered remineralization solution which had fluoride concentrations of 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm for 10days. Final conclusions were obtained by observing the specimens for every 10 days under polarized microscopy. 1. Remineralization of caries lesion as well as demineralization of enamel were produced by changing the degree of saturation of lactic acid buffer solution. 2. Remineralization of caries lesion was facillitated by fluoride ion in lactic acid buffer solution. but, remineralization of the entire caries lesion was not increased as fluoride ion concentration increased.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.56-69
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The prevalence of problematic internet usage among college students is a cause for concern. There is a lack of study examining influences of cognitive protecting or buffering factors on internet addiction among college students. The purpose of this study was to examine influences of depression, ego-resilience, and active stress coping on internet addiction tendency (IAT) among college students. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used. Data were collected between October and December 2013. A convenience sample of 244 students completed self-report questionnaires consisting of Ego-resiliency Scale, Ways of Coping Checklist, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, and Self-report Scale for Internet Use. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed for data analysis. Results: We found that higher levels of depression were associated with higher levels of IAT. However, an inverse association was found between active stress coping and IAT. Students who mainly used the internet for chatting showed lower levels of IAT than those who used the internet for games or blogs. These factors explained 15.1% of the variance in IAT of college students. Conclusion: The study results suggest that stress coping strategies and depression are important factors for evaluation when developing intervention programs targeting college students with problematic internet use.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2003

Objectives : I used a case-crossover design to investigate the association between air pollution, and hospital admissions for asthmatic children under the age of 15 years in Seoul, Korea Methods : I estimated the changes in the levels of hospitalization risk from theinterquartile (IQR) increase in each pollutant concentrations, using conditional logistic regression analyses, with controls for weather information. Results : Using bidirectional control sampling, the results from a conditional logistic regression model, with controls for weather conditions, showed the estimated relative risk of hospitalization for asthma among children to be 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.08) for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10m (IQR=40.4ug/m3); 1.05 (95% CI, 1.00- 1.09) for nitrogen dioxide (IQR=14.6ppb): 1.02 (95% CI,0.97-1.06) for sulfur dioxide (IQR=4.4ppb): 1.03 (95% CI, 0.99-1.08) for ozone (IQR=21.7ppb): and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.99-1.08) for carbon monoxide f10R=1.0ppm). Conclusions : This empirical analysis indicates the bidirectional control sampling methods, by design, would successfully control the confounding factors due to the long-term time trends of air pollution. These findings also support the hypothesis that air pollution at levels below the current ambient air quality standards of Korea is harmful to sensitive subjects, such as asthmatic children.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.93-115
• /
• 2010

Objectives: This study intends to understand the difference of social support levels and the relationship between social support the health status, college adjustment and academic achievement in the college student. Methods: Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaire of 416 college student. We measured the demographic characteristics, social support (tangible support, appraisal support, belonging support, self-esteem support), health status (36-item short-form health survey(SF-36), center for epidemiologic studies-depression(CES-D), perceived stress scale(PSS)), student adaptation to college questionnaire(SACQ), average grades point. Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA test, pearson correlation analysis were used for analysis factors relation of the social support of the college students. Results: In considering the degree of social support by the demographic characteristics in the college students, the social support was better for the female college students. In considering the relation between social support and health status, the students who get better social support, were good in health depression and perceived stress status. When they got better social support their college adjustment and academic achievement were good. The result was statistically significant. Conclusions: Social support for students has great influence on health, college adjustment and academic achievement of students. Psychological aspects of students should be included in the strategy of social support for students.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.309-320
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the related factors of quality of life (QOL) among patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Methods: Patients diagnosed with COPD (N=230) were recruited from four hospitals in Kyeong-Nam province, from March 2 to November 30, 2010. The data collection instruments were the Short Form 36, perceived dyspnea measure by Modified Medical Research Council, COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale, COPD Self-efficacy Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were used. Following the completion of the data collection instruments Pulmonary function was tested. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and simultaneous multiple regression using SPSS/WIN. Results: The mean QOL of this study was 68.24. Using a multivariate approach, the significant correlates of QOL were depression (${\beta}$=-.37), dyspnea (${\beta}$=-.28), self-efficacy (${\beta}$=.20), and a sufficient degree of household income (${\beta}$=.16). These variables explained 49% of variance in QOL. Conclusion: The study suggests that psychological aspects are an important factor in explaining QOL of the patients. Screening and minimizing depression could be effective strategies in enhancing QOL of patients with COPD and further investigation to reduce depression could warrant the improvement of QOL in patients with COPD.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

The knowledge on the etiology of breast cancer has advanced substantially in recent years, and several etiological factors are now firmly established. However, very few new discoveries have been made in relation to occupational risk factors. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has evaluated over 900 different exposures or agents to-date to determine whether they are carcinogenic to humans. These evaluations are published as a series of Monographs (www.iarc.fr). For breast cancer the following substances have been classified as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1): alcoholic beverages, exposure to diethylstilbestrol, estrogen-progestogen contraceptives, estrogen-progestogen hormone replacement therapy and exposure to X-radiation and gamma-radiation (in special populations such as atomic bomb survivors, medical patients, and in-utero exposure). Ethylene oxide is also classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, although the evidence for carcinogenicity in epidemiologic studies, and specifically for the human breast, is limited. The classification "probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A) includes estrogen hormone replacement therapy, tobacco smoking, and shift work involving circadian disruption, including work as a flight attendant. If the association between shift work and breast cancer, the most common female cancer, is confirmed, shift work could become the leading cause of occupational cancer in women.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.829-836
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to identify prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS) and its associations with sleep habits, sleep problems, depression, subjective health status and obesity in community dwelling adults. Method: Data was collected from adults aged 20-59 years by random sampling. Subjects completed a questionnaire which was composed of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and questions that included items about sleep habits, sleep problems, subjective health status and sociodemographic characteristics. Height and weight were measured for calculation of body mass index. The statistical analyses was based on 3,302 adults (51.5% males and 48.5% females). Descriptive statistics, univariate logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were used. Result: The prevalence of EDS was 17.1% Multiple logistic regression showed that the associated factors of EDS were depression, obesity, dissatisfaction with sleep time, irregular sleep, and habitual snoring. Depression was the most significant associated factor(adjusted odds ratio for severe depression=2.27, 95% Confidence Interval=1.73-2.96). Conclusion: EDS is a common symptom in adults. Our finding suggested that persons with a complaint of EDS should be completely assessed for depression and obesity as well as sleep problems.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.76-85
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors determining the participation restriction of chronic stroke patients based on international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) model. Sixty-eight stroke patients participated. The participants were assessed participation restriction using the Korean version of London handicap scale (K-LHS), modified Barthel index (K-MBI) to measure activities of daily living, Berg balance scale (K-BBS) to assess balance, and the center for epidemiologic studies depression (K-CES-D) to gauge depression. Also, 3 minutes walking test (3MWT), gait velocity, asymmetric posture, and family support were assessed. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to explore the factors determining participation restriction. There were no significant different in the K-LHS and K-MBI results by gender (p>.05). Correlations between the K-LHS and K-MBI (r=-.656), K-BBS (r=-.543), K-CES-D (r=.266), 3MWT (r=-.363), gait velocity (r=.348), and family support (r=-.389) were significant (p<.05). Also, the K-MBI and family support were the factors that determined participation restriction (p<.05) and that 40.2% of the variation in the K-LHS can be explained. Therefore, it is suggested that evaluation and intervention of patient's activity level and extent of family support is necessary to reduce participation restriction of chronic stroke patients.