• Title/Summary/Keyword: Enzymatic process

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The Production of Alcohol from Municipal Waste(II) - The Effects of Physical or Chemical Treatment on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Waste Paper - (도시 폐기물로부터 알코올 생산 (II) - 물리적, 화학적 전처리된 폐지의 효소가수분해 조건 검토 -)

  • Lim, Bu-Kug;Yang, Jae-Kyung;Lee, Jong-Yoon
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 1997
  • The effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper treated with physical or chemical treatment were investigated. To gain the higher saccharification rate, physical or chemical treatment are necessary in enzymatic conversion process of waste paper. The major deterrents to the effective utilization of waste paper for enzymatic conversion process are phenolic compounds, cellulose crystallinity and coating materials. In the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper, the deterrents through enzymatic conversion process can be eliminated by the physical or chemical treatment. This study was performed to obtain the optimal condition for enzymatic conversion process of non-treated waste paper and to review effects on enzymatic conversion process of waste paper treated with physical or chemical methods. In the aspect of saccharification rate, waste paper treated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite was the most effective and in physical treatment methods, multi-stage treatment(autohydrolysis+refining treatment) was more effective than the other physical treatment.

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Optimization of Macerating Enzymatic Extraction Process and Components Change of Extract of Rubus coreanus Miq. Fruit (복분자의 효소 추출 공정의 최적화 및 성분 변화)

  • Ryu, Il Hwan;Kwon, Tae Oh
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.97-104
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    • 2013
  • The objective of this study is to investigate the optimal condition for macerating enzymatic extraction process that leads to the highest yield and the largest extracted amount of bio-active contents from Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit. The optimal extraction conditions were found as the following: The initial amount of the water added to the fruit was 20 ~ 30% by weight. The mixing ratio used for the macerating enzyme was 4 : 1 : 2 (w : w : w) for cellulase:pectinase:amylogucosidase, and the amount of the macerating enzyme added was 2% by weight. The extraction process was done at a temperature of $45{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours. The extraction yields on Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit by macerating enzymatic extraction process was increased by 84.3% compared to that of hot-water extraction process. The amounts of organic acids and vitamin found in the extract were also higher. The amount of polyphenol and anthocyanin contents in the extract were 185% and 257% of those from hot-water extraction, respectively. These results suggest that macerating enzymatic extraction is an effective method to boost extraction yield and to increase the amount of extraction of bio-active contents from Rubus coreanus Miq. fruit.

전처리 공정에 따른 폐 신문지의 효소 가수분해 특성

  • Mun, Nam-Gyu;Lee, Jae-Hwan;Kim, Seong-Bae
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2000.04a
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    • pp.459-462
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    • 2000
  • The pretreatment of used newspaper for the enzymatic digestion preprocess was performed on a percolation reactor and a batch reactor. The test condition of percolation process was $170^{circ}C$, 60min, 1 mL/min, and 400psi, that of batch was $40^{circ}C$, 3hr. and latm Reaction solutions used in pretreatment process were aqueous ammonia, sulfuric acid, water, and hydrogen-peroxide as an oxidizing agent. As a result, the effect of pretreatment was similar to batch and percolation process, but the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis was higher in batch than percolation. This batch pretreatment enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis rate and increased glucose yield from about 15 to 20%. The inhibition factors influenced the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated, and the ink contented newspaper was the major factor.

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Design of Pretreatment Process in Cellulosic Ethanol Production (목질계 셀룰로오스 에탄올 생산공정에서 전처리과정의 설계)

  • Kim, Hyungjin;Lee, Seung Bum
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.511-514
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    • 2015
  • A pretreatment process of cellulose decomposition to a monosaccharide plays an important role in the cellulosic ethanol production using the lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, a cellulosic ethanol was produced by using acidic hydrolysis and enzymatic saccharification process from the lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw, sawdust, copying paper and newspaper. Three different pretreatment processes were compared; the acidic hydrolysis ($100^{\circ}C$, 1 h) using 10~30 wt% of sulfuric acid, the enzymatic saccharification (30 min) using celluclast ($55^{\circ}C$, pH = 5.0), AMG ($60^{\circ}C$, pH = 4.5), and spirizyme ($60^{\circ}C$, pH = 4.2) and also the hybrid process (enzymatic saccharification after acidic hydrolysis). The yield of cellulosic ethanol conversion with those pretreatment processes were obtained as the following order : hybrid process > acidic hydrolysis > enzymatic saccharification. The optimum fermentation time was proven to be two days in this work. The yield of cellulosic ethanol conversion using celluclast after the acidic hydrolysis with 20 wt% sulfuric acid were obtained as the following order : sawdust > rice straw > copying paper > newspaper when conducting enzymatic saccharification.

Autohydrolysis and Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Materials(III) - Recycling and Reutilization of Cellulase Enzyme - (목질 재료의 자기가수분해 및 효소당화에 관한 연구 (Ⅲ) - Cellulase 효소의 회수 및 재사용 -)

  • Cho, Nam-Seok
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 1989
  • A major problem in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates is the very strong bonding of cellulase to lignin and even cellulose in the hydrolysis residues. This phenomenon inhibits recycle of the cellulase which is a major expense of the enzymatic hydrolysis process. In this paper, autohydrolyzed wood was delignified by two-stage with a 0.3% Na OH extraction and oxygen-alkali bleaching and was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase. Also, an improved almost quantitative recycle process of cellulase enzyme was discussed. In enzyme recovery by affinity method. the first recycling showed relatively high hydrolysis rate of 97.4%. Even at the third recycle. hydrolysis rate was 86.7 percents. In the case of cellulase recovery by ultrafiltration method, first 2 recycling treatments resulted very high hydrolysis rate(97.0-97.7%). Even the third recycling showed about 94.2%. Authoydrolysis of oak wood followed by 2-stage delignification with alkali and oxygen-alkali produced a substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis that allowed almost quantitative recycle of cellulase.

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Wet Air Oxidation Pretreatment of Mixed Lignocellulosic Biomass to Enhance Enzymatic Convertibility

  • Sharma, A.;Ghosh, A.;Pandey, R.A.;Mudliar, S.N.
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.53 no.2
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    • pp.216-223
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    • 2015
  • The present work explores the potential of wet air oxidation (WAO) for pretreatment of mixed lignocellulosic biomass to enhance enzymatic convertibility. Rice husk and wheat straw mixture (1:1 mass ratio) was used as a model mixed lignocellulosic biomass. Post-WAO treatment, cellulose recovery in the solid fraction was in the range of 86% to 99%, accompanied by a significant increase in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose present in the solid fraction. The highest enzymatic conversion efficiency, 63% (by weight), was achieved for the mixed biomass pretreated at $195^{\circ}C$, 5 bar, 10 minutes compared to only 19% in the untreated biomass. The pretreatment under the aforesaid condition also facilitated 52% lignin removal and 67% hemicellulose solubilization. A statistical design of experiments on WAO process conditions was conducted to understand the effect of process parameters on pretreatment, and the predicted responses were found to be in close agreement with the experimental data. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments with WAO liquid fraction as diluent showed favorable results with sugar enhancement up to $10.4gL^{-1}$.

Enzymatic degumming of edible fats and oils (효소를 이용한 식용유지의 탈검 공정)

  • Yoon, Suk Hoo
    • Food Science and Industry
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.100-113
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    • 2018
  • To obtain an edible grade oil from crude oil extracted from oil-bearing materials, it is generally necessary to carry out a refining process composed with degumming, deacidification, bleaching, and deodorization, to remove undesirable matters which affect the quality and shelf life of oils. The main purpose of degumming is to remove gum material mainly consisted with phospholipids. Phospholipases convert nonhydratable phospholipids into their hydratable forms which can be removed by centrifugation. In comparison with conventional water and acid degumming processes, enzymatic degumming can result the lower phosphatide content in oil than conventional processes. The enzymatic degumming can be conducted with the reduced amount of acid, and contributes to generate less amount of wastewater, decrease of operating cost, and increase oil recovery yield. The phospholipases used in enzymatic degumming process are phospholipase A1, A2, B, and C.

A Research Trend of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass : A Literature Review (목질바이오매스의 효소 당화 기술에 관한 연구 동향)

  • Kim, Yeong-Suk
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.137-148
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    • 2010
  • The high costs for ethanol production with lignocellulosic biomass as a second generation energy materials currently deter commercialization of lignocellulosic biomass, especially wood biomass which is considered as the most recalcitrant material for enzymatic hydrolysis mainly due to the high lignified structure and the nature of the lignin component. Therefore, overcoming recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass for converting carbohydrates into sugar that can subsequently be converted into biobased fuels and biobased products is the primary technical and economic challenge for bioconversion process. This study was mainly reviewed on the research trend of the enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis for lignocellulosic biomass after pretreatment in bioethanol production process.

Estimation of Nitrite Concentration in the Biological Nitritation Process Using Enzymatic Inhibition Kinetics

  • GIL, KYUNG-IK;EUI-SO CHOI
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.377-381
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    • 2002
  • Recently, interests to remove nitrogen in the nitritation process have increased because of its economical advantages, since it could be a short-cut process to save both oxygen for nitrification and carbon for denitrification compared to a typical nitrification. However, the kinetics related with the nitritation process has not yet been fully understood. Furthermore, many useful models which have been successfully used for wastewater treatment processes cannot be used to estimate effluent nitrite concentration for evaluating performance of the nitritation process, since the process rate equations and population of microorganisms for nitrogen removal in these models have been set up only for the condition of full nitrification. Therefore, the present study was conducted to estimate an effluent nitrite concentration in the nitritation process with a concept of enzymatic inhibition kinetics based on long-term laboratory experiments. Using a nonlinear least squares regression method, kinetic parameters were accurately determined. By setting up a process rate equation along with a mass balance equation of the nitrite-oxidizing step, an effluent nitrite concentration in the nitritation process was then successfully estimated.