• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2011

The purpose of the study is to analyze the environmental characteristics of fish acute toxicity that is dependent on the harmfulness of ACQ (Alkaline Copper Quat)-Treated Wood and Oryzias latipes mortality in a comprehensive way, provide objective verification method on the eco-toxicity and environment-friendliness of landscaping materials and methods, and utilize it as a basic datum for evaluation criteria. The main results are summarized as follows : 1. As a result of analysis on the harmfulness characteristics, each experimental plot showed different values respectively. In particular, it has been found that in proportion to the volume of testing materials, COD and Cu increases at a constant rate, compared to the input water. In the plot C with three testing materials, COD increased 67 times more than that of the input water, and Cu increased up to 12.36mg/L. 2. In case of fish toxicity, plot C, B, A all showed a mortality rate of 100%, indicating that fish toxicity is strong. In particular, the mortality rate of each plot within the initial time of one and a half hour showed clearly, which suggests that the fish toxicity is influenced by the increased concentration of hazardous substances depending on the volume ratio of testing materials. 3. As a result of comparison and analysis on the harmfulness and fish toxicity, the harmfulness showed different values on each experimental plot but, we found that the changing rate of values of toxicity of COD and Cu is mutually similar to that of mortality in the initial hour according to the experiment of fish toxicity, which shows that COD and Cu are major factors to increase fish toxicity.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2023

I am designing a research paper with the aim of studying hybrid vehicles. Hybrid vehicles, as the next-generation automobiles, feature a combination of internal combustion engines and battery engines, resulting in a revolutionary reduction in fuel consumption and harmful gas emissions compared to conventional vehicles. The electric motor in hybrid cars derives power from a high-voltage battery installed within the vehicle, which is recharged during vehicle motion. In contrast to traditional cars, which often experience energy losses due to idling caused by traffic congestion, hybrid systems optimize efficiency by skillfully managing the interplay between the internal combustion engine and the electric motor. This approach effectively addresses the inherent drawbacks of gasoline or diesel engines.Hybrid cars offer an array of benefits, including improved fuel efficiency, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and reduced noise emission. Consequently, they are progressively becoming a favored alternative among a growing number of individuals. This research endeavor has the potential to contribute towards curbing environmental pollution and dedicating efforts to future automotive research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.8-20
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• 2007

This report designs a landscape plan of six reservoirs in Sihung city which has possibilities both in development and in destruction. The report suggests how to create a leisure space in harmony with the surroundings in Sihung city. Building a leisure town will create the local residents' demand in recreational activities and improve the amenities. Therefore this study analyzes eco-friendliness of the land, conditions of fauna and flora, the quality of water and the usage figures of the six reservoirs so as to develop those six reservoirs more eco-friendly. Based on environmentalism, the leisure spot development plan attribute the ultimate importance to local residents' pleasant leisure time and recreations. With this master plan, the report suggests expanding the city's green space, since the city has under 50% out of the optimal percentage of green space per person. In addition, the report intends to plan each six reservoirs developed separately but organically connected at the same time that those six can put together and become a Sihung Green Way which makes the city's leisure space a belt. Apportioning the six reservoirs development levels in order to balance the development, accumulating and arranging buildings and facilities in available spaces according to the governing law, and creating resting area, promenade and parking lot to make an eco-city. Also the report suggests conserving environment and regulating contamination such as ban on fishing to move forward sustainable development. Since the adventives predominate the site, introducing indigenous plants should be necessary soon.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1377-1385
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• 2015

Construction industry that was the core driving force of Korean economic growth is now being classified as an industry with the largest environmental load emission. Although various efforts were made accordingly to realize eco-friendliness, its effects is insufficient currently. Based on the understanding that eco effect of construction industry would be significant if Eco VE is applicable in the initial project stage, NIA model for understanding the eco VE decision of project owner was developed with simulations in this paper. Based on the proposal report of a private project to develop the Gyeongbuk Northern Region Environmental Energy Town, 20 questions on eco VE decision were used through simulations. The result showed 50% eco-friendly decision. The result of this study can be used to provide decision-making data for eco design in the initial stage of construction by utilizing NIA upon conducting survey research to deduce eco VE decision.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.146-162
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• 2009

In the current product and fashion design, the 'eco-friendliness' is affecting practically and conceptually on all the sectors of industry and culture. Therefore, this study seeks to examine specific values in the concept of eco-friendly design. The subjects of this paper are studied on the scholarly journals, and are confined to those from 1990, when naturalism and ecology trend started to be in product and fashion, to the moment of search of February 2009. This study used 'Naturalism', 'Green', 'Environment-friendly', 'Eco', 'Sustainable', 'Well-being' and 'Lohas' as key words for the search. Analysis is performed by content analysis and the unit of analysis was based upon the adjectives, nouns and phrases which is related key words in the concept of eco-friendly design. The study realized that there are personal value, environmental value, economic value, and social value in the concept of eco-friendly design. In the result, it is not enough to consider the effect on environment only. Understanding the personal, environmental, economic, and social value from the viewpoint of customers, finding the optimal design factors, and reflecting them in development of product and fashion are necessary to pave the way for advanced eco-friendly design. The results of this paper would help to the future product and fashion development for eco-friendly brands.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2017

Due to the depletion of fossil oil and the increasing oil price, bio-plastic is currently topical. Bio-based plastics are synthesized from plant resources, unlike conventional petroleum-based counterparts. Therefore, the former minimizes global warming and reduces carbon dioxide emission. Fossil polycarbonate (PC)has good mechanical and optical properties, but its synthesis requires bisphenol-A and phosgene gas, which are toxic to humans. To address these problems, the fused deposition 3D printing process (hereafter, FDM) is studied using environmentally-friendly and high-strength bio-based PC. A comparisonof the environmental impact and tensile strength of fossil PC versus bio-based PC is presented herein, demonstrating that bio-based PC is more environmentally-friendly with higher tensile strength than fossil PC. The advantages of bio-based PC are applied in the FDM process for the fabrication of environmentally-friendly baby toys.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.65-71
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• 2005

Recently, difficulties in soft ground improvement that caused by effectiveness of the ground improvement, the durability and environmentally friendliness of the injection material come to the fore. This paper studies the field applicability of the SCM in reinforcement and seepage cutoff of the back of an existing continuous wall. SCM uses double rod which imposes heavy pressure($10-100kgf/cm^2$) to disturbed, cut, discharge, and mix the ground. It is observed that a bulb is formed by using cement paste and environmentally friendly injection materials with minimal alkali leaching. Unconfined compression test and fish poison tests are performed. Test results indicate that the method results in higher durability, less leaching through use of the environmentally friendly injection material, and faster mobilization of the strength. In addition, field tests confirm the formation of the bulb and the seepage cutoff wall.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.485-496
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• 2019

Sealing of leakage in waterfront or water-retaining structures is one of the major issues in geotechnical engineering practices. With demands for biological methods as sustainable ground improvement techniques, bioclogging, defined as the reduction in hydraulic conductivity of soils caused by microbial activities, has been considered as an alternative to the chemical grout techniques for its economic advantages and eco-friendliness of microbial by-products. This study investigated the feasibility of bioaugmentation and biostimulation methods to induce fermentation-based bioclogging effect in coarse sands. In the bioaugmentation experiments, effects of various parameters and conditions, including grain size, pH, and biogenic gas generation, on hydraulic conductivity reduction were examined through a series of column experiments while Leuconostoc mesenteroides, which produce an insoluble biopolymer called dextran, was used as the model bacteria. The column test results demonstrate that the accumulation of bacterial biopolymer can readily reduce the hydraulic conductivity by three-to-four orders of magnitudes or by 99.9-99.99% in well-controlled environments. In the biostimulation experiments, two inoculums of indigenous soil bacteria sampled from waterfront embankments were prepared and their bioclogging efficiency was examined. With one inoculum containing species capable of fermentation and biopolymer production, the hydraulic conductivity reduction by two orders of magnitude was achieved, however, no clogging was found with the other inoculum. This implies that presence of indigenous species capable of biopolymer production and their population, if any, play a key role in causing bioclogging, because of competition with other indigenous bacteria. The presented results provide fundamental insights into the bacterial biopolymer formation mechanism, its effect on soil permeability, and potential of engineering bacterial clogging in subsurface.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.113-129
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• 2022

A building's eco-friendliness is directly related to various values including the life cycle cost of a building. However, the conventional architectural design method has a limitation in that it cannot create an optimized case according to the surrounding environmental conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to present a design assistance tool that can review planning cases optimized for the environmental conditions of the building site in the planning stage of architectural production. To achieve the purpose of the study, an algorithm for realizing 3D modeling of the region and analysis of the solar environment was produced based on the site contours, building, and road information from the digital topographic map provided by the National Geographic Information Institute. To examine the validity of the developed algorithm, a comparative experiment was conducted targeting the elevation direction of the existing building. As a result, it was found that the optimal elevation direction selected by the algorithm can receive higher insolation compared to the front facade of the main building.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.387-394
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• 2016

Commercial 28 algae removal technologies that have been applied in domestic rivers and lakes with green tide were investigated, analyzed and classified. The classification of algae removal technologies was based on the three criteria (i.e., principle, flow rate of water body, and application period). Also, algae removal technologies were evaluated in terms of cost effectiveness, field applicability, effect durability, and eco friendliness. From the analysis results, technologies using physical, chemical, biological, and convergent controls were 32.2%, 25%, 21.4%, and 21.4%, respectively. The 75% of technologies have been applied to stagnant water body (${\leq}0.2m/s$). Also, algae harvesting ship with dissolved air flotation, conveyor belt and filtration processes and natural floating coagulant were found to have better field applicability, compared to other technologies. However, proper algae removal technology in specific rivers and lakes should be chosen after the evaluation of long-term pilot scale field test. Also, development of energy and resource recovery technologies from algae biomass is warranted.