• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.643-658
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• 2020

Recent economic and income growth in Korea has caused people to seek healthier and happier lives. Forests are seen as spaces that provide tourism and recreation. The Korea forest service and local governments are developing and designating recreational forests but previous studies on the subject have only covered customer satisfaction and how forests are used. As such, the current study aims to find issues with designation criteria for recreational forests used by Gwangju city in Gyeonggi province and suggest improvements to the system. Site E was deemed the most adequate in evaluations of five candidate site. The criteria used in the evaluations were problematic due to (1) a lack of differentiating power in evaluation items, (2) blanket coverage of score ranges, (3) a lack of additional points for special sites, and (4) unclear evaluation indices. Based on the identified issues, the current study suggests introducing additional points and clearly detailing evaluation indices and items to enhance the evaluation of recreational forest candidate sites.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2013

The trends of the criteria air pollutants' concentrations over Seoul are reviewed, relative contributions of major sources are discussd, and directions for future air quality management are suggested. It was shown that the yearly average concentrations of the criteria air pollutants except nitrogen dioxide and ozone have decreased significantly over the last three decades. Though the concentration of nitrogen dioxide has not decreased, the concentration of $NO_x$ has decreased significantly. The major reason for the reduction of the criteria air pollutants has been strict government regulations such as establishment of strict emission standards and switch to cleaner fuels. However, it is not clear the major reason (s) for the reduction of the $PM_{10}$ concentration. It is suggested that to further reduce the concentrations of secondary air pollutants such as ozone and $PM_{2.5}$, understanding the major chemical pathways for them is essential. In addition, influence from outside Seoul should be quantified and effectively controlled.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1391-1402
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• 2008

Designating conservation sites is needed for the preservation and management of tidal flats, and also objective criteria, by which preservation values of tidal flats can be evaluated, are required to designate conservation sites. A set of new evaluation criteria or tidal flats was suggested in this study. The criteria, based on six items including scarcity, diversity, naturalness, uniqueness, destruction possibility and preservation will, ave the advantages with which easy and economic assessments are possible by using basic data from the preceding studies. The evaluation results for the three different tidal lats (Muan, Jeungdo-1 and Jeungdo-2) in the southwestern coast of Korea reveal that all he tidal flats evaluated are classified into grade 2. The tidal flat which got the highest valuation score was Jeungdo-1 tidal flat (86.7), and the next was Muan (85.0) and Jeungdo-2 (82.5). The Jeungdo-2 tidal flat was superior in uniqueness and destruction possibility, and the Muan tidal flat was superior in diversity and naturalness.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.43-55
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• 2010

This research investigated 162 residential unit plans which were located in Seoul and Gyonggi Province ranging from 58 to $118m^2$ unit net area recently. Through the investigation of unit plans, a matrix was developed based on the 5 criteria for space composition types. 5 criteria are building stock types, W/D ratio of units, unit net area, number of bay to the main orientation, and openness types. After review the matrix, 10 typical unit types were selected. At the same time, quantitative evaluation indicators were developed based on the 4 criteria such as efficiency, openness, flexibility, environmental sustainability. On each criterion, 3 indicators were developed, and measured on 162 residential unit plans. Firstly, correlation analysis were pursued on 5 criteria for space composition types and 12 quantitative evaluation indicators, and reviewed on each other. Finally, quantitative evaluation indicators of 10 typical unit types were displayed on radar charts in order to show the integrated evaluation on 4 criteria such as efficiency, openness, flexibility, environmental sustainability. From the reviews and radar chart analyses, advantages, disadvantages, and improvements on each typical unit type were presented as research results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

It is essential to understand the infrared signature of a naval ship to survive against various missile attacks under variable environmental conditions. As guided missiles are developing to equip more accurate IR seekers, research works for countermeasure and IR stealth technology are strongly required. But challenging works are continuously suggested for predicting and analyzing IR signal status of naval ships to achieve low observable performance under various weather conditions, variable missions and developing threats. In this study, overall guidelines of setting design criteria for low observable ships are proposed by considering varying environmental conditions including daily and seasonal variations. Test and evaluation criteria for newly constructed ships for target and background temperature difference is proposed as a design criteria which can be predicted by change of condition and ship's speed. Through the proposed techniques and procedures, it is expected to establish the measurement and evaluation criteria by using temperature, IR Signal differences between the ship and the background.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.485-497
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• 2022

Agricultural environmental policies to reduce negative externalities and expand positive externalities became common around the world. However, literature regarding the efficient and effective implementation of agricultural environmental policies, such as optional direct payment, is limited. This study, thus, analyzes the relative importance for target selecting-criteria in order to enhance the cost-effectiveness of the Agricultural Environment Conservation Program in Korea. In this context, we conducted survey to 15 experts who are related in agricultural environment policies and analyzed survey results based on ANP method which can consider correlation between selecting criteria. The results show that, in the case field, "soil", "water", and "ecology" field have relative high importance than the other fields. Also, the relative importance for 'improving rural landscape', 'giving nutrient input moderately', and 'conserving agricultural heritage' activities is higher than the other activities. Furthermore, the relative importance among fields and activities of ANP is different from those of AHP. This result implies that it is necessary to consider the correlation between selecting criteria in order to design effectively. Finally, we suggest that in order to enhance the effectiveness of the program, it would be appropriate to assign differential points according to the importance of each activity when identifying appropriate farms.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.2262-2269
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• 2010

A recent Tilting train development operation for existing line high speed, already developed "Korean Tilting Train eXpress(bellow TTX)" and that doing demonstration of operation. And TTX are going to commercial service in 2012. They are preparing Environmental Declaration of Product(bellow EDP) for offering environmental impact of TTX to customer. EDP calculated environmental impact of target product's whole life cycle(raw material and manufacturing, distribution, use, end of life) more quantity for that improving environmental impact and then certification them, it is using for that estimate some part of existence of specific pollutants, GHGs, energy consumption and recycling ratio. In this study, 1) analyze the process of getting EDP, 2) satisfy common criteria and each criteria(plan) in the Product Category Rules(bellow PCRs) provided KEITI, 3) according to ISO 14044, implementation of LCA. 4) These results be shown Characterized Impact(bellow CI) about each life cycle stage and six impact categories(ARD, GWP, OD, AD, EU, POC).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.150-157
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• 2004

The Furniture Industry is, which is taking Charge of the large Portion of environmental Pollution as a nun Consumer of Resources, therefore, in a Furniture Design, active Argument of the Researches and the related Constituents to the Design and Material is very absolutely required recently The Furniture Design which Ecology was applied to can minimize the environmental Burden through the Resources and Energy Consumption Reduction and cyclic Utilization within the Earth Ecosystem, and proceed to the Presentation of the Possibility to solve the recent environmental Problems. This Study was written as part of the first Step in the Development of independent Eco-Label System and environmental Criteria for Furniture and national Furniture Industries. It contains the Definition of Furniture, ecological Design and ecological Furniture (Chapter2). and Chapter 3 Presents Characteristics of ecolo91cal Furniture. Chapter 4 Provides a Summary of the specific Criteria on a Materials used for Furniture Design with the relevant environmental Issues in the Life Cycle of Furniture, and also health 8t safety related Issues and performance Issues.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.678-687
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop the assessment category, items, a detail standard for environmentally friendly evaluation on the school. and to analyze the plan to improve the level of certification criteria on the School's water resource and environmental pollution. The results of this study brings on promoted environmentally friendly appreciation, resource con servation, reduction of contaminant, accordance in and around building, etc. For this purpose, analysis of domestic and foreign environmental friendly architectural citation screening system-BREEAM (1991), LEED 2.0(2001) etc.-was preceded, and through interview, survey and forum with professional group, developed evaluation item was verified and reappraised. Developed evaluation item were composed of 40 schools about water resource and environmental pollution.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.365-375
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• 2005

For managing and utilizing a closed municipal solid waste landfill site in environmentally secure conditions, it is necessary to verify the stabilization level of landfill gas(LFG) and waste. For assessing LFG and waste stabilization of an open-dumping municipal solid waste landfill (Salmi Landfill) which is located at the vicinity of Chungju Reservoir which flows into Paldang Reservoir that has been used for Seoul Metropolitan water supplies, the history and the surrounding characteristics of the landfill site were surveyed. In this study, waste and LFG samples obtained from landfill site were physically and chemically analyzed, and then the analysis results were evaluated on the basis of 'The Criteria of Landfill Waste Stabilization(CLWS)' that were promulgated by Korean Ministry of Environment. Based on LFG composition of Salmi landfill, $CH_4$ was as high as 68%. In CLWS regulation, the stabilization criteria of $CH_4$ should be lower than 5%, and the criteria of C/N ratio should also be lower than 1/10. The result showed that C/N ratio of landfilled waste ranged 17.4~24.7. From this results, it was concluded that the LFG and C/N ratio stabilization level of this landfill based on the CLWS were still actively proceeding.