• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.627-635
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• 2014

Currently the highest speed limit on the road traffic congestion or because you can not cope with climate change to cause a traffic accident may be a factor. According to the Road Traffic Act as well as 20% to 50% in case of inclement weather, but the driver must slow speed left to the judgment of the difficulties, and to slow the vehicle and the relative velocity between the vehicle does not run longer be a big influence on the environment and safety. Thus, variable speed control for drivers on the road, specify the appropriate maximum speed limit in bad weather It keeps motorists slowed the run rate to prevent accidents or reduce the severity of accident damage is expected to be possible. The purpose of this study is the frequent traffic accidents Continuous Busan (City Freeway) around the variable speed control in the appropriate sections so that it can be done by analyzing the characteristics of traffic accidents were the severity of the accident. Highway and urban environment, the geometry of the structure because it has a lot of Curved planar point compared to wet and dry road surfaces by simulated rain wet had bom the more the speed the greater the risk of an accident was the result. Based on these results, the primary section, first urban highway tunnel, near the lamp, near Toll Plaza, near binary Outlet after considering various factors such as speed reduction is needed in the first period by conducting awareness and recognize the need for the participation of the driver and the future city installation and operation of highways in all sectors is expected to be expanded.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.215-220
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• 2012

This paper proposes a ontology of tree structure approach for adaptive object recognition in a situation-variant environment. In this paper, we introduce a new concept, ontology of tree structure ontology, for context sensitivity, as we found that many developed systems work in a context-invariant environment. Due to the effects of illumination on a supreme obstinate designing context-sensitive recognition system, we have focused on designing such a context-variant system using ontology of tree structure. Ontology can be defined as an explicit specification of conceptualization of a domain typically captured in an abstract model of how people think about things in the domain. People produce ontologies to understand and explain underlying principles and environmental factors. In this research, we have proposed context ontology, context modeling, context adaptation, and context categorization to design ontology of tree structure based on illumination criteria. After selecting the proper light-ontology domain, we benefit from selecting a set of actions that produces better performance on that domain. We have carried out extensive experiments on these concepts in the area of object recognition in a dynamic changing environment, and we have achieved enormous success, which will enable us to proceed on our basic concepts.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.588-596
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• 2014

This study investigated the efficacy and drawbacks of a trekking accident prevention programs of the Jirisan National Park using visitor survey data. In total, 394 visitors were surveyed at the entrances to Seongsamjae, Jungsanri, Baekmudong, and Ssanggyesa trails on both weekdays and weekends. The trekking accident prevention training course has not been widely publicized. Only 23.4 % of the survey respondents have participated the training course. The training course itself appears to be useful in that 51.1 % of the course participants positively responded the contents of the course, suggesting that, if well publicized, the program can help prevent trekking accident. The trekking time regulation was relatively well publicized. Of the survey respondents, 72.4 % were aware of this regulation, and 72.2 % of them agreed on applying this regulation to other national parks. Accident vulnerability analysis shows that respondents who were aware of the regulation tend to be more experienced and skilled in trekking and more prepared for accident than those who were not. Also, respondents who were satisfied more on park safety facilities tend to be more experienced and skilled in trekking and more prepared for accident.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.204-221
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• 2016

The study tested the moderating effect of 215 women living in Busan to analyze the purchase intention (awareness, health interests, environmental interests) of environment-friendly agricultural products and it's the causal relationship between consumer attitudes and purchasing intention. The results confirmed that all purchase factors for environment-friendly agricultural products had significant causality on consumer attitudes. Significant causality of consumer attitudes on purchase intention was also confirmed. The moderating effect of the number of purchases was analyzed to only significantly affect consumer attitudes on purchase intention and consumer attitudes according to number of purchases were analyzed to vary depending on the intensity of purchase. Information presented in this study means that consumers who are aware of environment-friendly agricultural products, interested in health, and interested in protecting the environment exhibit positive attitudes on environment-friendly agricultural products as well as higher purchase intentions. Therefore, if government and local organizations strengthen the promotion of environment-friendly agricultural products, there may be an acceleration of the consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products, followed by an increase in the income of farmers as well as an increase in the number of farmers who cultivate environment-friendly agricultural products. This may ultimately aid in the conservation of the natural environment of Korea and enhance the health and well-being of the public.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.49-72
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• 2015

Forests in the upstream contributed to improve the quality of water resources for the residents downstream. However, upon structural examination of how the Han River Watershed Management Fund was spent, it became apparent that the fund was not spent toward forest management in the upstream. An additional budget must be allocated if the Watershed Management Committee is to contribute to the management of the upstream forests with such awareness. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the willingness to pay and to calculate of budget for forest management in the upstream for water quality improvement. Three hundred surveys on watershed beneficiaries were conducted using biased sampling method. The result was analyzed with conditional logit model and mixed logit model. Forest management, a target variable, was found to have statistical significance. Based on this result, the size of the expected budget was estimated to be minimum 20,526 million won to maximum 20,928 million won.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.161-182
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• 2019

Quantifying the amount of carbon pools in forest ecosystems enables to understand about various carbon pools in the forest ecosystem. Therefore, this study was conducted in the Chilimo dry afromontane forest to estimate the amount of carbon stored. The natural forest was stratified into three forest patches based on species composition, diversity, and structure. A total of 50 permanent sample plots of 20 m × 20 m (400 ㎡ ) each were established, laid out on transects of altitudinal gradients with a distance of 100 m between plots. The plots were measured twice in 2012 and 2017. Tree, deadwood, mineral soil, forest floor, and stump data were collected in the main plots, while shrubs, saplings, herbaceous plants, and seedling data were sampled inside subplots. Soil organic carbon (SOC %) was analyzed following Walkely, while Black's procedure and bulk density were estimated following the procedure of Blake (Methods of soil analysis, 1965). Aboveground biomass was calculated using the equation of Chave et al. (Glob Chang Biol_20:3177-3190, 2014). Data analysis was made using RStudio software. To analyze equality of means, we used ANOVA for multiple comparisons among elevation classes at α = 0.05. The aboveground carbon of the natural forest ranged from 148.30 ± 115.02 for high altitude to 100.14 ± 39.93 for middle altitude, was highest at 151.35 ± 108.98 t C ha^-1 for gentle slope, and was lowest at 88.01 ± 49.72 t C ha^-1 for middle slope. The mean stump carbon density 2.33 ± 1.64 t C ha^-1 was the highest for the middle slope, and 1.68 ± 1.21 t C ha^-1 was the lowest for the steep slope range. The highest 1.44 ± 2.21 t C ha^-1 deadwood carbon density was found under the middle slope range, and the lowest 0.21 ± 0.20 t C ha^-1 was found under the lowest slope range. The SOCD up to 1 m depth was highest at 295.96 ± 80.45 t C ha^-1 under the middle altitudinal gradient; however, it was lowest at 206.40 ± 65.59 t C ha^-1 under the lower altitudinal gradient. The mean ecosystem carbon stock density of the sampled plots in natural forests ranged from 221.89 to 819.44 t C ha^-1. There was a temporal variation in carbon pools along environmental and social factors. The highest carbon pool was contributed by SOC. We recommend forest carbon-related awareness creation for local people, and promotion of the local knowledge can be regarded as a possible option for sustainable forest management.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.223-233
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• 2014

This study empirically analyzes the relationships among the road and traffic experts' personal characteristics, the driving behavior and factors being expected to have an effect on the satisfaction about roundabout operation. The factors are drawn and grouped through the principle component analysis to clarify driving environment satisfaction on roundabout operation. Each group is named as personal attribute, driving behavior attribute, and satisfaction. After the variables are refined by confirmatory factor analysis, satisfaction model is developed with personal attribute and driving behavior attributes as exogenous variables and roundabout driving awareness and emotion attributes as endogenous variables. As a result, driving satisfaction of roundabout operation is directly influenced by delay reduction, safety improvement, capacity increase, sight improvement, severity accident reduction, and bicycle convenience and indirectly gender, age, driving time, and driving experience. Law obeyance, driving concession, traffic sign obeyance, and interposition do not statistically shows significant on satisfaction. As a result of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the turning radius of geometry and the driving behavior are important elements for roundabout safety.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1999

Increase of automobiles become today's environmental problem decreasing space for our children's playground. The traffic situation around us shows automobiles over filled the public roads and started to intrude even on the side walks. Children's traffic safety education for the awareness of the danger from traffic mishaps, and for the behavior to cope with preventives measure by continual learning programs in systematized method is very important need in current health education. For this research, the subject was represented by 243 students from 4th grade in D Elementary School located at Daechi-dong, Seoul. During total of 5 weeks (September 4, 1997 to September 30, 1997), lessons were taught to the subject. Lessons consist of traffic safety education and customized education program that were designed and developed specificially for the subject level. In this research, Case group of 3 classes and control group of 3classes were predetermined before subject's degree of knowledge, attitude, and practice was analized. The difference before and after the training of this education was observed to verify the effectively and to find the influential factors of this education program. On September 2-3, survey study was performed after the training. the results of this study were as follows: 1. The knowledge analysis from the comparison between before and after of the training shows case group and control group scored(8.36, 8.86) before the traning, but scored(10.36, 8.52) after the traning. the difference from the result of the case group is statistically significant(p〈0.001). 2. The attitude analysis from the comparison between before and after of the training shows case group and control group scored(48.23, 49.87) before the training, but scored (51.05, 48.45) after the traning. the difference from the result of the case group is statistically significant(p〈0.001) 3. The practice analysis from the comparison between before and after of the training shows case group and control group scored (27.42, 28.08) before the training, but scored(30.49, 28.25) after the training. The differece from the result of the case group is statistically significant (p〈0.001). 4. The correlation analysis of traffic safety education's influence on traffic safety knowledge, attitude, and practice before training shows the relationship between attitude and practice was satistically significant(p〈0.05). The result after the training shows the relationship between knowledge and attitude, attitude and practice, and knowledge and practice was all statistically significant(p〈0.001).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.469-478
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• 2019

Car-sharing services have been settled on as a new type of public transportation owing to their enhanced convenience, expanded awareness of practical consumption patterns, the inspiration for environmental conscientiousness, and the diffusion of smart phones following the economic crisis. With development of the market, many people have started using such services. However, security is still an issue. Damage is expected since IDs and passwords are required for log-in when renting and controlling the vehicles. The protocol suggested in this study uses bio-information, providing an optimized service, and convenient (but strong) authentication with various service-provider clouds registering car big data about users through brokers. If using the techniques suggested here, it is feasible to reduce the exposure of the bio-information, and to receive service from multiple service-provider clouds through one particular broker. In addition, the proposed protocol reduces public key operations and session key storage by 20% on mobile devices, compared to existing car-sharing platforms, and because it provides convenient, but strong, authentication (and therefore constitutes a secure channel), it is possible to proceed with secure communications. It is anticipated that the techniques suggested in this study will enhance secure communications and user convenience in the future car-sharing-service cloud environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.2 s.21
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• pp.81-88
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• 2004

We review the adaptation strategies of the 21st climate change in an application to sea level rise. For the development of appropriate adaptation strategies on the coast vulnerable to the sea level rise, we have to consider the issues such as where to adapt, how to adapt, and when to adapt. The coastal target needed adaptation can be found by the evaluation of adaptive capacity of the coastal zone which requires the understanding of impacts and adaptive potential of the natural and socioeconomic systems in the coastal zone. Planned adaptation options to sea level rise can be classified into three generic approaches as managed retreat, accommodation, and protection In practice, the implementation of the options requires the analysis of land use, degree of vulnerability, cost and benefit, etc, and may be combination of the options rather than one approach. In terms of the response timing, the adaptation can be grouped as anticipatory and reactive ones. Generally it is more effective to consider both anticipatory and reactive adaptations at the same time for the impacts of future sea level rise. Due to the scientific uncertainty of climate change issues including sea level rise, the adaptation processes have to be designed to deal with a series of processes such as information md awareness establishment, planning and design implementation, and monitoring and evaluation in continuity and long-term period.