• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2012

The current enforcement regulation of "Construction Technology Management Act" prescribes calculation standard of environmental preservation cost in construction site. According to this standard, environmental preservation cost is calculated by using the quantity-per-unit costing method or applied fixed rate on direct cost. However, when calculated by using the quantity-per-unit costing method it is few items to put in the budget according to standard of construction estimate and in the case of using the fixed rate on direct cost it is not considering various characteristics of the construction site. Therefore, it is needed a improvement plan of estimating method and management system for environmental preservation cost. In this study, it surveyed the actual state of the environmental preservation cost according to magnitude of project, site location, anti-pollution facilities and etc. over 38 road projects. The research reported in this paper environmental preservation cost was variously distributed over construction sites. Thus it needs to estimating method and management system to consider characteristics of construction site for environmental preservation cost.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

This paper was studied on a strategy in rice production under New round system of WTO(World Trade Organization) in Korea. Under enactment of New round system in WTO rice will be opened at the world market and thus rice growers will compete with this marketing system. In this regard, rice industry in Korea would be "a theory of rice triangle" such as high quality, low cost, and environmental friendly system. High quality rice would be obtained through a cultivar, cultivation technology, and quality control(QC) to compete against oversea's dealer. Lower cost in rice production should be concentrated into rapid decrease in rural population and into introducing for young generation. Rice cultivation has been played major role in this peninsula in terms of a preservation of water resource, fresh air and prevention of soil erosion.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

As the industry develops, the amount of wastes is increasing in the economic system with various needs. As a result, the environmental problems are emerging as serious social issues and all the parties are required to make their best efforts. Among the issues proposed as the environmental issues, the logistics-related issues are exhaustion of the resources, global warming, environmental pollution, and acidification and so on. In order to respond to the environmental issues of the earth, the advanced countries are setting retrenched goals, reduction of the new greenhouse gases and accomplishment of retrenched goals by cooperation between the nations. Economic activities inevitably bring environmental problems and logistics is implementing those activities. The companies should perform the roles to resolve the environmental problems as the main cause of environmental pollution. Therefore, along with spreading recognition of social demand, the companies are required to establish policies regarding the environment and they should approach the issues from the perspective of resource circulation. These environment-friendly activities are emerging as the new source of competitiveness in the logistics field. Therefore, this study analyzes the effects of environment-friendly logistics activities on the reduction of logistics cost to reduce and resolve the environmental issues such as environment preservation, recycling and so on.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.65-94
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• 2001

The use of PBD(prefabricated band drain)far ground improvement is rapidly increased due to the merit of construction period and cost, environmental preservation compared with other vertical drain method, and the development of material. This paper presents the historical review, theoretical background, design procedure and method, and typical construction example for the PBD. Also, the direction of further technical development and study is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.69-79
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• 2014

Coastal wetlands are among the most productive biomes in the Earth. The economic values include the direct use of a coastal wetland's ecosystem services, such as food, raw materials, recreation, and tourism. Other values comprise the indirect use of a coastal wetland's ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, waste-water treatment, and erosion prevention. In particular, Suncheon Bay is recently attracting attention as the most successful case of the preservation and restoration. This study applies Travel Cost Method (TCM) to estimate the economic value by drawing the demand curve for trips to Suncheon Bay. The TCM is an approach used for economic valuation of non-market goods and services. Based on the results of TCM, this study shows that the economic benefit from recreational uses of the site adds up to \174.7 billion per year. It is also significant in the sense that monetary information is suggested to help local policy makers evaluate the realistic values of coastal wetlands.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.6 s.73
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• pp.108-113
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• 2006

For the past scores of years, our country has driven its land development toward economic growth as its top priority. ut, as a result that almost all developments been promoted excepting environmental values, in fact, they've incurred some bad environmental effects desirable. Especially, as representative examples, we can raise some issues such as damages of the foreshore or coast wet lands by seas reclamation, and coast corrosion by building up of rivers or coast constructions. Recently, many people started to have great interests in businesses of environment preservation or recycling to minimize effects of these environmental matters. However, before beginning public businesses of non-commercial goods relevant to the seas environments, there seemed to be some limitations that can not accomplish under consideration of environmental sides at the same time while performing economic validities and efficiencies with environmental economic analysis, which is already effective in countries advanced in environment, it's a very meaningful course in that citizens' opinions are being influenced in seas environmental policies for their efficient execution. In this research, after modeling coast corrosion preventives with Jeong-am coast of Gangwon Province, and using Contingent Valuation Method being widely used of value measuring methods on Non-commercial goods, we've appreciated environmental economy's validity of construction works and the scale of environmental economic value of beach restoration work.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 1997

Motivated by the need fir developing the new method of weed control in place of chemical weedicide, this paper aims at making good use of electricity against environmental pollution. Compared with chemical weedicide, the electric method of weed control is functionally more versatile, effectively more rapid, and lower in terms of cost. In particular, this method will contribute to environmental protection. In detail the electrical weed control system which is the simple circuit for generating the electric current of high voltage is comprised of step-up transformer which rectifies the current and the capacitor which stores the energy. The effectiveness of electrical weed control system is evaluated by germination rate and control of Dgitaria Sangvinalis(Galinsoga ciliate). As a result, the electrical weed control system(high voltage spark discharge) can kill weeds effectively

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2000

Environmental pollution has become a serious worldwide problem the humans has encountered in several decades. On the respect of the preservation of the global environment, world-wide consensus to cope with this problem was represented as 1992's Rio Declation. The purpose of this study is to develope evaluation technique of ecological architecture. The environmental scores of the buildings are evaluated and improved from the building design phase in order to build the best environmental building. Ecological architecture is mainly based on the balance of three element : Nature, Humanity, and Cost saving. Its main goals are energy saving and recycling, resource saving, high contact with circumstances, and health & amenity.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.489-495
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• 2006

In recent years, there has been an interest to use Moringa oleifera as the natural coagulant due to cost, associated health and environmental concerns of synthetic organic polymers and inorganic chemicals. However, it is known that M. oleifera as the natural coagulant is highly biodegradable and has a very short shelf life. This research was carried out to investigate the effects of storage temperature, packaging methods, and freeze-drying on the preservation of M. oleifera seeds powders. Non freeze-dried M. oleifera was prepared into different packaging namely open container, closed container and vacuum packing, whilst, freeze-dried M. oleifera was stored in closed container and vacuum packing. Each of the packaging was stored at room temperature ($30\;to\;32^{\circ}C$) and refrigerator ($4^{\circ}C$). The turbidity removal efficiencies of stored M. oleifera were examined using jar test at monthly interval for 12 months. The results indicated that non freeze-dried M. oleifera kept in the refrigerator ($4^{\circ}C$) would preserve its coagulation efficiency. In addition, closed container and vacuum packing were found to be more appropriate for the preservation of non freeze-dried M. oleifera, compared to open container. Freeze-dried M. oleifera retained its high coagulation efficiency regardless the storage temperature and packaging method for up to 11 months. Besides, higher increment in zeta potential values for water coagulated with freeze-dried M. oleifera indicated the higher frequency of charge neutralization and better coagulation efficiency of freeze-dried M. oleifera, compared to non freeze-dried seeds. As a coagulant, M. oleifera did not affect the pH of the water after treatment.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-126
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• 2001

Functional values for wastewater treatment and atmospheric regulation in coastal wetland and rice paddy ecosystems are quantified, and an illustration is given on how to integrate biophysical parameters into a valuation framework. This is one of most controversial issues in economic analysis for wetland preservation versus wetland conversion to agricultural use. This paper includes theoretical considerations for estimating functional values of environmental ecosystems, and the integration of biophysical data and replacement cost method employed. Specific physical and geographical characteristics and data on ecosystem functions and services in coastal wetlands and rice paddies are addressed for evaluating their values in economic terms. In particular this paper indicates double counting problems and overestimation in the previous studies, and demonstrates how to avoid them and to maintain the consistency of valuation process involving a least-cost method, thus enables an accurate integration of the coastal wetland ecology and wetland economics. As a result which is far away from the previous studies, the total economic present value of wastewater assimilation by coastal wetland is estimated at 7,484,640 won/ha, and the net present value of positive effect for atmospheric regulation, negative effects for air pollution and water pollution by rice paddy is estimated at -37,934 won/ha, assuming that resources are infinitely long-lived and the annual value and the rate of discount (10%) is constant every year. In conclusion, for further reliability and validity of functional values for natural resources it is very noteworthy that a general equilibrium framework that could directly incorporate the interdependence between ecosystem functions and services would be preferred to the partial equilibrium framework.