• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권sup호
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• pp.2.1-2.11
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• 2015

Objectives This study presents a methodology that enables a quantitative assessment of green chemistry technologies. Methods The study carries out a quantitative evaluation of a particular case of material reutilization by calculating the level of "greenness" i.e., the level of compliance with the principles of green chemistry that was achieved by implementing a green chemistry technology. Results The results indicate that the greenness level was enhanced by 42% compared to the pre-improvement level, thus demonstrating the economic feasibility of green chemistry. Conclusions The assessment technique established in this study will serve as a useful reference for setting the direction of industry-level and government-level technological R&D and for evaluating newly developed technologies, which can greatly contribute toward gaining a competitive advantage in the global market.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-25
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• 1993

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) serves to identify a project's possible effects on the environment early enough sufficiently allowing for them to be taken into account in the decision-making process. The EIA in Germany is an instrument of environmental Policy which considers nature as an integrated system (ecosystem). In the german process of developing environmental policy, the EIA has been one of the instruments which introduced by law rather late. This means that the German Law of EIA has been made in 1900, 20 years after the beginning of the environmental policy in Germany. In the following paper I intend to ${\cdot}$ explain the basic concept of the EIA in Germany ${\cdot}$ describe the process of law building for EIA ${\cdot}$ give a short overview of applications and experiences with EIA ${\cdot}$ show the links between EIA and general environmental policy in Germany.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권sup호
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• pp.3.1-3.11
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• 2015

Objectives This study presents the indicators and proxy variables for the quantitative assessment of green chemistry technologies and evaluates the relative importance of each assessment element by consulting experts from the fields of ecology, chemistry, safety, and public health. Methods The results collected were subjected to an analytic hierarchy process to obtain the weights of the indicators and the proxy variables. Results These weights may prove useful in avoiding having to resort to qualitative means in absence of weights between indicators when integrating the results of quantitative assessment by indicator. Conclusions This study points to the limitations of current quantitative assessment techniques for green chemistry technologies and seeks to present the future direction for quantitative assessment of green chemistry technologies.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.309-322
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• 2006

During the last decade, Health Impact Assessment (HIA) has been discussed worldwide as being an important tool for the development of healthy public policy. HIA has been advanced as a means of bringing potential health impacts to the attention of policy makers, particularly in sectors where health impacts may not otherwise be considered. HIA, a systematic assessment of potential health impacts of proposed public polices, programs, and projects, offers a means to advance population health by bringing public health research to bear on questions of public policy. In Korea, health-related items under current EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) system can only be found in the categories of hygiene and public health. However, environment and public health are not adequately connected and also health is underestimated even though health is an important objective component for the implementation of Environmental Assessments (EA). As a result, health is not well integrated within criteria for investigating the impacts on environment. This study examines linkages for HIA from the related and relatively well-developed field of Prior Environmental Review System (PERS) which is similar to SEA and EIA in Korea.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.139-155
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• 2006

The introduction of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has strengthened and extended the value of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as a fundamental tool for sustainable development. In particular, SEA helps to overcome the limitation of project EIA as a stand alone approach that is applied relatively late in the decision making cycle. SEA is applied to proposals of policy, plan, and/or programme when major alternatives are open. In Korea, similar to SEA, the Prior Environmental Review System (PERS) was introduced to overcome the limitations of the EIA, by checking the environmental impacts on major policy and administrative actions in the early stage of decision making process. SEA appears in various national, regional and international laws. SEA is addressed specifically in the UNECE SEA protocol to the Espoo Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a transboundary context, as well as the European Commission SEA Directive (2001/42/EC). SEA is a valuable tool for integrating sustainability decisions into country's policies, plans and programmes. This paper reviews the policy direction for implementation of the SEA and efficient Environmental Assessment (EA) through integration of the PERS and the EIA.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.29-33
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• 1997

• 환경영향평가
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1992

• 환경영향평가
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1996

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.293-302
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• 1997

Environmental problems emerged as common global Problems awaiting solution. Active collaborative efforts are required of nations and communities In order to solve environmental problems effectively. International collaboration occurs much more commonly these days than before. and European Community(EC) mumber countries are no exceptions. EC has established and executed the five-year programs on Environmental Policy Implementation, which explicated basic principles for enoronmental policy development, stance 1973. EC programs tend to emphasize that the direction of the policies should reflect a change from a remedial approach to a preventive approach. Those pro- grams have brought an awareness of the Importance of Environmental Impact Assessment(EIAI to EC member countries. France Installed an EIA system In 1976, which was the first among member countries. Several other member countries also established a system. EC decided that a common guideline was necessary. and therefore formulated the "European Community Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment" In 1985. All member countries were required to legislate an EIA system within three years, according to the Guideline. This study will conduct a comparative analysis of the current EIA systems of different EC member counties. The findings of this study will provide helpful Information on how to Improve the efficacy of the Korean system.an system.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.107-120
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• 2007

The introduction of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) has strengthened and extended the value of environmental impact assessment (EIA) as a foundational tool for sustainable development. In particular, SEA helps to overcome the limitation of project EIA as a 'stand alone' approach, applied relatively late in the decision making cycle. SEA is applied to policy, plan and programme (3P) proposals, when major alternatives are open and systematic consideration can be given to their environmental effects. This process also corresponds to options appraisal of development proposal to find the best practical outcome having regard to all potential impacts. There are imperatives for sustainable development (SD) that are shaping future directions for EIA and SEA internationally, regionally and locally. There is a shift toward more integrative approaches of using EIA and SEA as sustainability tools in cooperated environmental management system (EMS). Korea has established and applied EIA for over twenty years for various projects. Given its coverage, the current EIA system is SEA exclusive. The Prior Environmental Review System (PERS), which is a SEA-type of system, was applied in the late 1990s, mainly for various developing planning programs. The current PERS has been modified as a SEA type system, but in general, policy is not going to be covered.