• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2011

숲과 식물은 누구나 소중하다고 인식은 하지만 언제나 우리 주변에 있어 왔기에 그 중요함을 간과해 왔다. 수목원은 이러한 숲과 식물에 대한 자연학습장의 역할과 생태계의 식물을 수집, 전시하여 이용자들에게 환경에 대한 교육과 휴양, 식물에 대한 지식을 제공하는 시설의 하나이다. 누구나 방문 비용을 투입하면 맑은 공기와 쾌적한 환경, 다양한 식물에 대한 지식과 여가 환경을 이용할 수 있게 된다. 하지만 이러한 이용객들이 소비한 금액이 누리고 있는 수목원의 올바른 가치인지는 고려해 봐야 할 과제 중의 하나라고 생각된다. 수목원이 제공하고 있는 환경은 비시장재(Extramarket Goods), 또는 공공재(Public Goods)이며, 이러한 공공재의 가치를 추정하기 위한 다양한 아이디어와 방법들이 경제학자와 통계학자, 수학자들 사이에서 꾸준히 연구되어 왔다. 그 중 가상가치측정법(CVM)은 환경재의 평가 방법으로 널리 사용되고 있으며, 미국대법원에서 환경의 복원 비용 배상을 위한 추정 방법으로 적용되었다. 본 연구는 CVM을 수목원의 가치 측정에 접목시켜 이용자 및 일반 국민들이 막연하게 생각하던 특정한 환경의 가치를 현재의 통용되는 화폐액으로 제시하고자 수행되었다. 제시금액에 대한 응답에서 수목원의 환경에 대한 교육적 가치(envedu)가 높을수록, 소득(inc)이 높을수록 "예"의 응답을 할 확률이 유의한 수준으로 높아짐을 알 수 있었다. 경남수목원을 방문하고 있는 이용객 일인당 인식하는 환경의 가치는 WTPmean 15,648원, WTPmedian 13,648원, WTPtruncated 15,449원으로 추정하였다. 이를 연간 경남수목원이 제공하는 환경적 가치로 환산하면 WTPmean 8,408,265,024원, WTPmedian 7,333,589,024원, WTPtruncated 8,301,334,762원으로 추정하였다. 이러한 제시된 금액은 수목원의 보전가치로 볼 수 있으며, 비 이용자들에게도 자연환경의 소중함을 일깨워 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 일반인들에게도 수목원과 숲에 대한 올바른 지식과 가치를 인식하는데도 많은 도움이 될 것이다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.53-74
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• 1991

Interest on ocean environment has increased with the development of industrialized activities. Public marine resorces are defined broadly to include fish stocks, beaches, marine waters, recreational fishing, biota, waterfowls, shorebirds, seabirds and marine mammals But, it is not easy to analyze compensation for injury to publicly owned marine resources because the claimants do not exist clearly and the economic methodology of damage on public goods is not developed fully. This paper introduces basic idea of welfare economic theory and environmental legislation to the research question : How the economics and law can be applied to the case of damage on publicly owned marine resource. The paper discusses the concepts of willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA). It is accepted generally that WTA is correct concept of welfare change in the case of damaged public goods. Four methods (compensating variation, equivalent variation, compensating surplus, equivalent surplus of measuring welfare changes are compared. Compensating variation(CV) is the best measure of welfare changes are compared. Compensating variation(CV) is the best measure of welfare changes caused by environmental damage. Vartia (1983) showed CV could be measured from the ordinary demand function using the differential equations. This paper also provides an overview of the emerging U.S. and Korea legal system for compensation for natural resource damages, with particular emphasis on U.S. legal system under Comprehensive Environmen-tal Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). These regulations are to include two different types of standardized procedures for assessing natural resources injury : Type A or simplified assessment techniques for small releases ; and Type B protocols that would include detailed and extensive assessment methodologies for major releases. Type A procedures are specified by Natural Resources Damage Assessment Model for Coastal and Marine Environment (NRDAM/CME) of the U.S. CERCLA provides a legal 'legitimization for the use of economic-based nonmarket valuation in the courts and have introduced appropriate and accurate nonmarket valuation methods based on willingness to-pay for damage assessment. By briefly reviewing economic theory and environmental legislation, we hope to help provide a better understanding of the compensation process and the economics of publicly owned marine resources in the U.S. and to integrate the economics and law of natural resources valuation into a single comprehensive package in Korea.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2014

This study investigated the perception of upcycling for sensitive university students in regards to fashion trends. It was conducted through questionnaires delivered to male and female college students who majored in clothing related subjects from June 2012 to June 2013 in Gwangju. The contents for this research are general details, seriousness of environmental resources, awareness of upcycle, and purchasing intention for upcycling products. Most of the respondents said that recycling of resources is absolutely necessary due to the impact of environmental pollution and the consumption of resources. On the contrary, the experience of the respondents which purchased recycling products was low. The awareness of also was low, upcycling, internal upcycling brands and internal consumption groups, however, the decisions for subsequent purchases were positive. The reasons for the unsatisfactory of upcycling of products were due to quality and price. The reaction for many upcycle goods had the best question response rate in daily supplies part; subsequently, this study suggested 3 items, apparel products, fashion accessories, and daily supplies. In addition, a group which contains people who expend more for clothing had a lower awareness of upcycle and purchasing intention than other groups that contained some people who expend less. The results of the study can be used in data that recognize the necessary of upcycle education for university students, and develop educational programs. It can also encourage the purchase of upcycle products that reduce the consumption of resources.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2021

Purpose: This study seeks to develop behavior-induced automatic separation X-Bin for disposable cup speculators. Some students throw away the contents. Research design, data and methodology: Therefore, environmental beautification workers spend a lot of time sorting disposable cups at school garbage collection sites. Disposable cups that have been thrown away like this are bad in terms of appearance and smell. In addition, cleaning inside garbage affects recycling rates and is closely related to environmental problems. Results: Clean cleaning reduces the amount of garbage incinerated without being recycled and reduces the cost of recycling. According to Korean Social Trends 2020, COVID-19 began to spread, and recycling of disposable items such as disposable cups increased by about 15 percent from the same period last year. Conclusions: These are classified for recycling, and the amount of garbage thrown on the streets is estimated to be larger. In order to prevent COVID-19s, the use of disposable goods is inevitable, but facilities are needed to dispose of them properly.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제29권
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• pp.16.1-16.9
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• 2014

Objectives Rapid increase in engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in many goods has raised significant concern about their environmental safety. Proper methodologies are therefore needed to conduct toxicity and exposure assessment of nanoparticles in the environment. This study reviews several analytical techniques for nanoparticles and summarizes their principles, advantages and disadvantages, reviews the state of the art, and offers the perspectives of nanometrology in relation to ENP studies. Methods Nanometrology is divided into five techniques with regard to the instrumental principle: microscopy, light scattering, spectroscopy, separation, and single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results Each analytical method has its own drawbacks, such as detection limit, ability to quantify or qualify ENPs, and matrix effects. More than two different analytical methods should be used to better characterize ENPs. Conclusions In characterizing ENPs, the researchers should understand the nanometrology and its demerits, as well as its merits, to properly interpret their experimental results. Challenges lie in the nanometrology and pretreatment of ENPs from various matrices; in the extraction without dissolution or aggregation, and concentration of ENPs to satisfy the instrumental detection limit.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.526-531
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• 2009

Waste generation was generally expected to steadily rise due to a rapid increase in population and economic growth. However, regulations on disposable goods and a volume-based waste fee system have led to a gradual reduction in the amount of waste. In the case of food waste, separation of food waste from other waste has been put in place since direct landfilling was banned in January 2005. The predicted generation amounts of food waste and wastewater in the model city were 54 ton/d and 127.3 ton/d by year 2020, respectively. However, appropriate treatment technologies for food waste and wastewater discharged from food waste treatment processes are yet to be established. In this study, the food waste and wastewater discharged from food waste treatment process in the model city were characterized by literal and field investigation.

• 기술사
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1999

It is very important moments to look revolutionary changes on the whole industries in the upcoming new millennium. Traditionally, packaging was differentiated from design, production, and quality test in improving productivity. Therefore packaging concept should be updated as the time changes. For the productivity improvement, Packaging should be regarded as the value added goods and changed with leading edge technologies to meet various market needs due to its complex faces based on econo-environmental nature.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2014

Forest ecosystems generate variety of important goods and services for human well-being. As a growing concern of climate change and water shortage, it is necessary to quantify, model and map water balance in forest. In this study, we have analyzed 11 overseas forest water supply models (AIM, ATEAM, CENTURY, (E)SWAT, GUMBO, InVEST, PLM, SAVANNA, WaSSI, WaterGAP, WBM) and compared their scale, input and out data, availability of the models and analyzed the applicability of the models to Korea. As a result, InVEST and WaterGAP model appeared to be applicable for quantifying water provisioning services in Korea. A systematic approach for applying to evaluate water balance in forest was suggested based on our quantification approach.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2018

This study analyses the use of agri-environment concept in South Korean laws and tries to identify the limitations and improvements. The agri-environment has been used in the EU agricultural policy since the mid 1980s, and now became the most important policy in the rural development policy. It has been regarded as a concept explaining the various factors for agricultural production. However, the EU defines it as results of agricultural production which includes not only environmental and natural features but also social and historical resources in rural areas. This definition has played a key role in the 2013 reform of the CAP. Because many developed countries are implementing the agri-environmental policy, South Korea needs to introduce it soon. In doing so, this research explores how the current South Korean laws are dealing with the relationship between agriculture and environment. It reviews 34 laws in total and finds out neither act applying the concept of agri-environment, nor recognizing the role of agricultural production in biological and environmental conservation. Nevertheless, this research identifies that some acts could be a basis for introducing agri-environmental policy in South Korea if they may complement the interrelationship between the agricultural production and conservation of rural resources.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.815-829
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate fashion activism that supports sustainability by pursuing social transformation through social media. This is achieved by publicizing the environmental and labor problems of the fashion industry. For this study, a literary survey and netnography were conducted from January 2017 to November 2020. We classified and analyzed environmental and labor issues that could be considered fashion activism on social media. The results are as follows. First, movements for conscious consumption appeared as #haulternative, #fashionourfuture, #SecondHandSeptember, and #wornwear projects. These movements are concerned with buying used goods, re-dressing clothes owned by individuals, and transforming and wearing them with new methods. Second, activism for environmental protection includes #fashionOnclimate by Global Fashion Agenda and Sustainable Fashion Matterz' #Watermatterz. These movements are directly involved in learning about the seriousness of environmental destruction caused by the fashion industry and participating in environmental protection with critical awareness. Third, the #whomademyclothes and the Clean Clothes Campaign are activism for improving the working environment, and are playing a role in publicizing labor issues by informing the general public about inadequate working conditions linked to the fashion industry. Thus, fashion activism on social media examined in this study can contribute to visualizing chronic problems that hinder sustainable development within the fashion industry.