• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.585-593
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• 2007

This paper presents a model for durability evaluation of concrete structures exposed to marine environment, considering mainly a build-up of surface chloride $(C_s)$ as well as diffusion coefficient (D) and chloride threshold level $(C_{lim})$. In this study, time dependency of $C_s$ and D were extensively studied for more accurate evaluation of service life of concrete structures. An analytical solution to the Fick's second law was presented for prediction of chloride ingress for time varying $C_s$. For the time varying $C_s$, a refined model using a logarithm function for time dependent $C_s$ was proposed by the regression analysis, and averaging integrated values of the D with time over exposed duration were calculated and then used for prediction of the chloride ingress to consider time dependency of D. Durability design was also carried out for railway concrete structures exposed to marine environment to ensure 100 years of service life by using the proposed models along with the standard specification on durability in Korea. The proposed model was verified by the so-called performance-based durability design, which is widely used in Europe. Results show that the standard specification underestimates durability performances of concrete structures exposed to marine environment, so the cover depth design using current durability evaluation in the standard specifications is very much conservative. Therefore, it is found that utilizing proposed models considering time dependent characteristics of $C_s$ and D can evaluate service lift of concrete structures in marine environment more accurately.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.573-586
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• 2016

This study attempted to look into the effects of the job environment and job esteem on job satisfaction in the field of skin beauticians. To achieve this, a survey of their characteristics, job environment, job esteem and job satisfaction was carried out on 470 women in their 20s~50s working at skin care shops in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. First, it was found that the effects of the working environment on their vocational satisfaction, sense of belonging, level of contribution, wages and welfare, which are sub-factors of job satisfaction, are relatively high. This result shows that it is important to ensure proper resting facilities and resting areas. Second, it was shown that the higher the social evaluation, self-(implicit) assessment, future value, and self-fulfillment orientation, the higher the sub-factors of job satisfaction. This means that it is important to treat skin beauticians as professionals in order to improve their social recognition. The sub-factors of job environment-working conditions, organizational environment and job stability, and sub-factors of job environment-social evaluation, self(intrinsic) evaluation, future value and self-achievement orientation, had a major effect on the sub-factors of job satisfaction, respectively. Together with the general improvement in the sub-factors of job environment, the future value, as well as social evaluation, self(intrinsic) evaluation and self-achievement orientation, which together constituted the current value of job esteem, were the major factors affecting job satisfaction. Consequently, this study hopes to contribute to the development of the skin beauty industry by providing basic data on personnel management for skin care managers to improve skin beauticians' job satisfaction.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-43
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to provide basic material about the improvement method of the hospital evaluation system by grasping recognition, corresponding behavior to evaluation, influence and problems about the hospital evaluation system with respect to the employee of mid sized hospitals having relatively poorer environment. In this study were used 518 questionnaires to hospital employee working at 20 general hospitals in Pusan, Kyungnam with less than 500 beds and having experience of the hospital evaluation during 2005~2007. As a result of the research, they felt the investigation tool used for the hospital evaluation has too many items and it could be difficult to reflect characteristics of each hospital. It appeared that utilization of the report result after the hospital evaluation was helpful for grasping a part necessary for hospital improvement and the present level of hospitals and increase of interest about medical service quality improvement of the a hospital director or hospital employee. They trusted the result of the hospital evaluation to some degree, and recognized it helps the patients to select a hospital and increase rights-to-know. Hospital employee recognized the necessity and showed high interest and participation, but they didn't sympathize in the propriety and the feasibility of the hospital evaluation items. High degree evaluated hospital employee receive hospital evaluation system positively and think hospital services to be improve after taking hospital evaluation. The hospital evaluation should make the hospital to effort to achieve medical quality improvement to its purpose. Also, systematic reformation will be necessary to reflect characteristics of the hospital that has relatively small scale or locates in poor environment.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 2002

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify problems and solving strategies on student evaluation of clinical nursing education. Subjects were 239 nurses in 18 hospitals from February to July, 1999. Content analysis using qualitative research method was used to analyze data taking into account the semi-structured questionnaire. The results of this study were as follows: Four categories about problems and solving strategies on the evaluation of clinical nursing education were identified: 'The environment of the clinical nursing education'; 'contents and items of evaluation tool'; 'criteria of evaluation tool'; and 'problems with evaluators in clinical settings'. The problems of the environment of the clinical nursing education were due to the lack of co-ordination between nursing schools and hospitals. In order to solve these problems, the following strategies were suggested: 'initiate a joint meeting between nursing schools and hospitals'; 'do not change the clinical settings frequently'; 'evaluate students after being familiar with them'; and 'evaluate them immediately after clinical practice was ended'. In the problems of contents and items of the evaluation tool, the contents of the tool were very abstract and general. The strategies for treating these problems were to evaluate student using the concrete evaluation items'; refrain from evaluation of nursing knowledge', develop the evaluation tools that are fit for a specific clinical setting'; develop the evaluation tools in line with students' knowledge level; and 'carry out evaluation using the proper contents of tool. The problems of criteria of the evaluation tools were the results of the lack of the clear criteria. The strategies for treating these problems were 'develop the criteria of the evaluation tool'; simplify the range of the cores or evaluate students using check-list'; to evaluate students in objective manner'. The problem of evaluators in clinical settings was due to the failure by evaluators who were not prepared for the task. The strategies were 'to educate and prepare the evaluators before evaluation'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2003

This study conducted a basic study to develop ISM Code operation evaluation module, which is part of development of Safety Management System(ISM Code) Implementation supporting module. In particular, the significant of this study is that it established AHP operation evaluation analysis process, the design of questionnaire, and the hierarchical structure of operation evaluation model standard, focusing on the development of ISM Code operation evaluation module. Also, this study has its value in the point that it attempted to apply AHP scheme, which is part of the main decision­making in management science field, to develop operation evaluation module.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 1996

One of the main problems in evaluating complex objects, such as an ill-defined system, is how to treat ambiguous aspect of the evaluation. Due to the Complexity and ambiguity of the objects, many types of evaluation attributes should be identified based on the rational dsision. One of these attributes is an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). the weight of evaluation attribtes in AHP however comes from the probability measure based on the additivity. Therefore, it is notapplicable to the objects which have the property of non-additivity. In the previous studies by other researchers they intriduced the Hierarchical Fuzzy Integral method or mergd AHP and fuzzy measure for the analysis of the overlaps among the evaluation objects. But, they need more anlyses in terms of transformation of the probability measure into fuzzy measure which fits for the additivity and overlapping coefficient which affects to the fuzzy measure. Considering these matters, this paper deals that, ⅰ) clarifying the relation between the fuzzy and probability measure adopted in AHP, ii) calculating directly the family of fuzzy measure from the overlapping coefficient and probability measure. A simple algorithm for the calculation of fuzzy measures and set family of those from the above results is also proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm developed by applying this to the problems for estimation of safety in ship berthing and for evaluation of ports in competition is verified. This implied that the new algoritnm gives better description of the system evaluation.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 1995

Virtual reality can be applied well to product design and evaluation. A virtual design evaluation system for an automobile cabin was implemented on a desk-top virtual environment system. It has two frontal seats, a dashboard, a steering wheel, and various displays/controllers. Users can interact with these components as they do that with real ones. To verify the effectiveness of the virtual design evaluation system, 17 subjects participated in the evaluation procedure. The evaluation result showed that the stereoscopic vision enhanced the subjective reality of the virtual automobile cabin. Graphic details, design, and time lag were also related to the subjective feel for reality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.515-518
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• 2007

SAFRS(Spontaneous Acoustic Field Reproduction System) is a system to sense changes of surroundings and produce sounds which can go well with environment elements sensed by the system in to the space. The sounds were judged by individual evaluation and, the classification of the preferred sounds according to the mood of the space was suggested in the former study. Effectiveness of SAFRS with field application was validated by prior studies which dealt with researching acoustic environment, evaluating images of sounds, and rating environment with existence and nonexistence of sound resources such as fountains and the system after applied in D university. In this study, for more effective field application of SAFRS, research for the acoustic environment around sound resources and subjective evaluation of the preference of the sounds from the resources were made and it was considered that the results of the experiments should be primary information to propose proper sound level to be offered by the system. The results of the study are as follows; 1) It was considered that the ambience of the center road was dependent upon produced sounds by the system and water sounds of the fountain and that of walk way was mostly dependent upon produced sounds. 2) The results of the subjective evaluation showed that the distance from sound resources was suggestive; the more distant from produced sounds the less full and clear the sounds, the less distant from the sounds of water the more delight and idyllic ambience, and the less distant from the forest the more idyllic ambient and diversity. 3) The results upwards were telling that an average value of six elements for the evaluation was even at the place set back 10.2m from center road and walk way. And harmony of all sounds of the place should be considered to propose suitable sound level of SAFRS.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.452-459
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• 2019

In order for an autonomous vehicle to be commercialized, it is necessary to conduct a safety test for every aspect. Considering the implementation of the autonomous vehicles technologies to the highest level, it is necessary to analyze the possible scenarios in the most complex environment as in the urban area. It should be confirmed whether autonomous vehicles can be operated with conventional traffic signal environment. It is also required to confirm the ability of autonomous vehicles in interacting with other vehicles, and coping with possible accidents on the road. In this study, the evaluation factors of autonomous vehicles in the road environment are selected by referring to the other evaluation protocols like ADAS. Study result would be reflected in establishing the autonomous vehicle evaluation method for different test environment along with various technology implementation level.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.17 no.6 s.123
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• pp.547-552
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• 2007

SAFRS(spontaneous acoustic field reproduction system) is a system to sense changes of surroundings and produce sounds which can go well with environment elements sensed by the system in to the space. The sounds were judged by individual evaluation and, the classification of the preferred sounds according to the mood of the space was suggested in the former study. Effectiveness of SAFRS with field application was validated by prior studies which dealt with researching acoustic environment, evaluating images of sounds, and rating environment with existence and nonexistence of sound resources such as fountains and the system after applied in D university. In this study, for more effective field application of SAFRS, research for the acoustic environment around sound resources and subjective evaluation of the preference of the sounds from the resources were made and it was considered that the results of the experiments should be primary information to propose proper sound level to be offered by the system. The results of the study are as follows; 1) It was considered that the ambience of the center road was dependent upon produced sounds by the system and water sounds of the fountain and that of walk way was mostly dependent upon produced sounds. 2) The results of the subjective evaluation showed that the distance from sound resources was suggestive; the more distant from produced sounds the less full and clear the sounds, the less distant from the sounds of water the more delight and idyllic ambience, and the less distant from the forest the more idyllic ambient and diversity. 3) The results upwards were telling that an average value of six elements for the evaluation was even at the place set back 10.2m from center road and walk way. And harmony of all sounds of the place should be considered to propose suitable sound level of SAFRS.