• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.318-327
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• 2012

The operating sound radiated from a laser printer includes tonal noise components caused by the rotating mechanical parts such as gear, shaft, motor, fan, etc. The negative effects of the tonal noise components need to be considered in the process of developing a sound quality index for the quantitative evaluation of the emotional satisfaction in terms of psycho-acoustics. However, in a previous paper, it was confirmed that the Aures tonality did not have enough correlation with the results of jury evaluation. The sound quality index based on loudness, articulation index, fluctuation strength has a little problem in considering the effects of rotating mechanical parts on the sound quality. In this paper, to solve the tonality evaluation problem, the calculation algorithm of Aures tonality was investigated in detail to find the cause of decreasing the correlation. The new tonality evaluation model was proposed by modifying and optimizing the masking effect, loudness ratio, and shape of weighting curve based on the basic algorithm of Aures tonality, and applied to two kinds of operating sound groups in order to verify the usefulness of proposed model. As a result, it is confirmed that the proposed tonality evaluation model has enough correlation and usefulness for expressing the tonalness in the operating sounds of laser printers. In the following paper, this results will be used to model the sound quality index as the input data by using the classification algorithm.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.76-88
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• 1982

The stream morphological characteristics of a basin have important influence upon the analysis of runoff. In this study, the laws of stream morphology-the law of average stream fall and the law of least rate of potential energy expenditure-which were derived based on the analogy of entropy in thermodynamics are introduced and their validity is analysised with the data taken from the topographic maps covering the whole Geum River system. The first law is the Law of Average Stream Fall which states that under the dynamic equilibrium condition the ratio of average fall between any two different order stream in the same river basin in unity. The second law is the law of least rate of energy expenditure which states that all natural streams are intended to choose their own course of flow such that the rate of potential energy loss per unit mass of water this course is a minimum. The parameters representing the morphological characteristics of 13 tributaries in the Geum River system such as stream bifurcation ratio and stream concavity were Computed from the Horton-Strahler's laws and are used to check the law of average stream fall. The result showed that the law of average stream fall agrees reasonably well with law of Horton-Strahler. Concavity of a river basin is shown to be the determinative factor to the formation of a stream system. Concavity of a river basin is shown to be the determinative factor to the formation of a stream system. Based on Horton's Law and the law of average stream fall, longitudinal stream profiles can be calculated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.20-25
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• 2016

This study addresses a low complexity and lossless frame memory compression algorithm based on block-buffer structure for efficient high resolution video processing. Our study utilizes the block-based MHT (modified Hadamard transform) for spatial decorrelation and AGR (adaptive Golomb-Rice) coding as an entropy encoding stage to achieve lossless image compression with low complexity and efficient hardware implementation. The MHT contains only adders and 1-bit shift operators. As a result of AGR not requiring additional memory space and memory access operations, AGR is effective for low complexity development. Comprehensive experiments and computational complexity analysis demonstrate that the proposed algorithm accomplishes superior compression performance relative to existing methods, and can be applied to hardware devices without image quality degradation as well as negligible modification of the existing codec structure. Moreover, the proposed method does not require the memory access operation, and thus it can reduce costs for hardware implementation and can be useful for processing high resolution video over Full HD.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2014

This research was carried out for the purpose of providing basic data to establish a policy for improving health and medical service inequality in the disabled's households, by analyzing it according to composed groups through the application of data about the panel survey of the employment for the disabled, from 2010 to 2012. The results of analysis showed that as for Gini's coefficient, disabled women, the disabled without participation in economic activities, the disabled in their 40s, physically handicapped people and severely disabled people had more and more inequality in expenditure of health care expenses, and inequality in North Gyeongsang Province continued to be on the rise. As for the entropy coefficient, disabled women, the disabled without participation in economic activities, the mentally disabled and severely disabled people had more and more inequality in consumption of health care, and the inequality got severe in Ulsan and North Gyeongsang Province. And as for the decomposition of factors by composed group, inequality in health care expenses were higher inside a group than between groups. Based on these results, research limitations and implications were suggested.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.163-172
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• 2012

A driver assistance system is critical to improve a convenience and stability of vehicle driving. Several systems have been already commercialized such as adaptive cruise control system and forward collision warning system. Efficient vehicle detection is very important to improve such driver assistance systems. Most existing vehicle detection systems are based on a radar system, which measures distance between a host and leading (or oncoming) vehicles under various weather conditions. However, it requires high deployment cost and complexity overload when there are many vehicles. A camera based vehicle detection technique is also good alternative method because of low cost and simple implementation. In general, night time vehicle detection is more complicated than day time vehicle detection, because it is much more difficult to distinguish the vehicle's features such as outline and color under the dim environment. This paper proposes a method to detect vehicles at night time using analysis of a captured color space with reduction of reflection and other light sources in images. Four colors spaces, namely RGB, YCbCr, normalized RGB and Ruta-RGB, are compared each other and evaluated. A suboptimal threshold value is determined by Otsu algorithm and applied to extract candidates of taillights of leading vehicles. Statistical features such as mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, and entropy are extracted from the candidate regions and used as feature vector for SVM(Support Vector Machine) classifier. According to our simulation results, the proposed statistical feature based SVM provides relatively high performances of leading vehicle detection with various distances in variable nighttime environments.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.683-690
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• 2015

In Rough set, attribute missing values have several problems such as reduct and core estimation. Further, they do not give some discernable pattern for decision tree construction. Now, there are several methods such as substitutions of typical attribute values, assignment of every possible value, event covering, C4.5 and special LEMS algorithm. However, they are mainly substitutions into frequently appearing values or common attribute ones. Thus, decision rules with high information loss are derived in case that important attribute values are missing in pattern matching. In particular, there is difficult to implement cross validation of the decision rules. In this paper we suggest new method for substituting the missing attribute values into high information gain by using entropy variation among given attributes, and thereby completing the information table. The suggested method is validated by conducting the same rough set analysis on the incomplete information system using the software ROSE.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.13-17
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• 2017

Existing Speech feature extracting method in speech Signal, there are incorrect recognition rates due to incorrect speech which is not clear threshold value. In this article, the modeling method for improving speech recognition performance that combines the feature extraction for speech and silence characteristics normalized to the non-speech. The proposed method is minimized the noise affect, and speech recognition model are convergence of speech signal feature extraction to each speech frame and the silence feature normalization. Also, this method create the original speech signal with energy spectrum similar to entropy, therefore speech noise effects are to receive less of the noise. the performance values are improved in signal to noise ration by the silence feature normalization. We fixed speech and non speech classification standard value in cepstrum For th Performance analysis of the method presented in this paper is showed by comparing the results with CHMM HMM, the recognition rate was improved 2.7%p in the speech dependent and advanced 0.7%p in the speech independent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.246-249
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• 2007

In numerical analysis for phase change material, numerical values of thermodynamic properties such as temperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy are required. But the steam table or diagram itself cannot be used without modelling. In this study applicability of neural networks in modelling superheated vapor region of water was examined by comparing with the quadratic spline. neural network consists of an input layer with 2 nodes, two hidden layers and an output layer with 3 nodes. Quadratic spline interpoation method was also applied for comparison. Neural network model revealed smaller percentage error to quadratic spline interpolation. From these results, it is confirmed that the neural networks could be powerful method in modelling the superheated range of the steam table.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1613-1622
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• 2016

Zeolite (FZ), prepared from fly ash, was immobilized with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to fabricate PAN/FZ beads. The prepared PAN/FZ beads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimum ratio to prepare PAN/FZ beads was 0.3 g of PAN to 0.3 g of FZ. The diameter of the prepared PAN/FZ beads was about 3 mm. Sr and Cu ion adsorption experiments were conducted with PAN/FZ beads. A pseudo-second-order model fit the kinetic data for Sr and Cu ion adsorption by PAN/FZ beads well. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 96.5 mg/g and 74.6 mg/g for the Sr and Cu ions, respectively. Additionally, the values of thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (${\Delta}G^o$), enthalpy (${\Delta}H^o$) and entropy (${\Delta}S^o$) were determined. The positive values of ${\Delta}H^o$ revealed the endothermic nature of the adsorption process and the negative values of ${\Delta}G^o$ were indicative of the spontaneity of the adsorption process.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.179-188
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• 2020

The influx of marine exotic and alien species is disrupting marine ecosystems and aquaculture. Herdmania momus, reported as an invasive species, is distributed all along the coast of Jeju Island and has been confirmed to be distributed and spread to Busan. The potential habitats and distribution of H. momus were estimated using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, quantum geographic information system (QGIS), and Bio-ocean rasters for analysis of climate and environment(Bio-ORACLE), which can predict the distribution and spread based only on species occurrence data using species distribution model (SDM). Temperature and salinity were selected as environmental variables based on previous literature. Additionally, two different representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) were set up to estimate future and potential habitats owing to climate change. The prediction of potential habitats and distribution for H. momus using MaxEnt confirmed maximum temperature as the highest contributor(77.1%), and mean salinity, the lowest (0%). And the potential habitats and distribution of H. momus were the highest on Jeju Island, and no potential habitat or distribution was seen in the Yellow Sea. Different RCP scenarios showed that at RCP 4.5, H. momus would be distributed along the coast of Jeju Island in the year 2050 and that the distribution would expand to parts of the Korea Strait by the year 2100. RCP 8.5, the distribution in 2050 is predicted to be similar to that at RCP 4.5; however, by 2100, the distribution is predicted to expand to parts of the Korea Strait and the East Sea. This study can be utilized as basic data to effectively control the ecological injuries by H. momus by predicting its spread and distribution both at present and in the future.