• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.135-149
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• 2020

As youth employment has become a social issue every year, the government is pushing for policies to support youth start-ups to create jobs voluntarily as a way to enhance the youth employment rate. In the case of young people in Gangwon Province, the number of people moving to other regions is increasing. This research is intended to empirically analyze the actual achievements of youth start-ups through the 'Youth Start-up Project' in Gangwon-do. It was divided into four categories: participation in government support, education completion, intellectual property right retention, and certification retention, which are characteristics of start-up companies, and hypotheses that they will have a positive impact on start-up performance (sales amount, duration of existence, or whether they are retained or not). Age and geographical factors (Yeongdong and Yeongseo) were injected as control variables to see how they affect them. Furthermore, empirical analysis was conducted by setting up a hypothesis that the characteristics of start-up companies and subsequent support between start-up performance would have a positive intermediary effect. The research results showed that the remaining characteristics, except for education completion, had a positive impact on sales, and that the more participation in government projects, the longer the duration of the company's existence. In addition, the level of participation in government support projects was significant in the direction of the government. The analysis results of the parameter, follow-up support, had a positive impact on the start-up performance, and the subsequent support mediating effect showed the mediating effect of the start-up performance, except for geographical factors. The results of this study suggest the need for customized support suitable for the characteristics of youth start-ups in order to enhance the performance of young start-ups. Support agencies need to refer to corporate characteristics for smooth management and selection. In the Gangwon-do area, the government should seek to provide timely and organic support for start-up companies in order to produce successful start-up cases.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2020

Governments and private companies have established various local entrepreneurial infrastructure institutions in most regions in order to reduce youth unemployment, and boost youth entrepreneurship and regional employment. However, previous studies has been limited to explore the impact of the entrepreneurial infrastructure institutions on the willingness of start-up entrepreneurs. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to fill in the gaps of the research, identify the effect of the entrepreneurial infrastructure institutions on regional employment focusing on the Partner Squares which are entrepreneurial infrastructure institutions in several regions and established by N company, and set a foundation for further research regarding the effectiveness of the entrepreneurial infrastructure institutions. In order to verify the effectiveness of the Partner Squares on the local employment, we use the raw data of the Economically Active Population Survey (Statistics Korea) and analyze the effectiveness by using the Difference-in-Differences model. The main findings are as follows. While the Partner Square Seoul has not statistically influenced on the employment of local youth workers, the Partner Square Busan has increased about 3% of the average number of employees (575 thousand) from May 2017 to July 2019, increasing the number of local youth workers by 17,000. Also, after the establishment of the Partner Square Gwangju, the institution has increased 4,500 local employees, which is about 1.7% of the average number of employees (267,000) from September 2018 to July 2019. This implies that the Partner Squares provide a variety of effective start-up education programs and networks for pre-starters and founders in the region, thereby helping them to grow and boosting the local employment. An important implication is that by using government statistical data, we find roles of entrepreneurial infrastructure institutions to revitalize local economy and employment. In future studies, studies need to be conducted considering various exogenous variables that can affect local employment, such as the government industrial policies and entrepreneurial infrastructure institutions other than the Partner Squares.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2016

Younger starters to be ready on the entrepreneurial performance and raising and producing potential creative person who demonstrates entrepreneurial spirit are not only important factor for added value creation along with national growth but also economic development to join the ranks of advanced countries. Thereby, a lots of interests and supports are focused in entrepreneurship and the startup activities. However, to create business achievement, we should nurture successful entrepreneurship based on using infrastructure in entrepreneurial ecosystem induced by aggressive investments and supports of the policy. Therefore, this study is empirical test of 203 young CEO of techniques which possibly create added value and national development, inventive type in knowledge service and opportunity type. Research finding is that entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial preparation have meaningful effects on the performance and the ready state. Entrepreneurship has no direct effects on entrepreneurial infra system. Entrepreneurial preparation has meaningful effects on entrepreneurial infra system. We induced that it is hard to earn business achievement by only using entrepreneurial infra system in that entrepreneurial infra system has no effect on business achievement. Lastly, entrepreneurship infra system has no relationship as mediating effects with effects of entrepreneurship on business achievement in mediating effect test. While young CEOs with entrepreneurship create business achievement without using entrepreneurship infra, entrepreneurship infra has relationship as mediating effect with effect of entrepreneurial preparation on business achievement. Namely, we induced the result that using entrepreneurship infra aggressively improve achievement in entrepreneurial preparation. Through this study, we need entrepreneurship education for young CEOs and effort to develop entrepreneur's competence to improve achievement and we concluded that approaching systematically in entrepreneurial preparation and using various entrepreneurship infra aggressively are important factors to improve achievement.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.175-183
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• 2016

The government set up "national happiness, the hope of a new era of national vision under' job center of the creative economy" to achieve by national goals in the first and figure achieved through the establishment of new growth engines of the youth unemployment problem solve and national level there are a number of business start-up support. September 8, 2015 announced the Government's look at the '2016 Year of the budget, the government for new growth engines greatly promoted the venture entrepreneurship ecosystem revitalization and research and development (R & D) the business for enhanced performance in 2017. According to the direction of this study is to evaluate the current creative economy business incubator at the comparison whether the correct orientation mainly entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs preliminary recognition of student entrepreneurship ecosystem. Entrepreneurs 113 people in that way, 71 people pre-entrepreneurs, students 60, workers were founding agencies conducted an online survey of 47 people, 16 people Investors, 50 public and 11 additional persons including a total of 368 people. This study is in line with the orientation of these entrepreneurs to create economic status and recognition of the Republic of Korea entrepreneurship ecosystem, pre- entrepreneurs, students will examine the comparative analysis around. Analysis, social perception of entrepreneurship is somewhat higher than it was confirmed that the negative response of 32.2% to 36.3% of positive response. Social awareness of entrepreneurs showed a 2-fold higher response rate than the negative of response of 17.1% to 41.7% responding that positive recognition for the current start-up environment is bad, the response is good response to higher response rate than 23.5% to 41.1% It showed. The percentage of responses that better respect the entrepreneurship environment of the future Republic of Korea showed a higher response rate than the rate of 23% in response to deteriorate to 41.2%, with 52.9% awareness is the percentage that responded that the bad part about the ruthless Korea's entrepreneurship environment in China good part as response rate approximately three times greater than the 17.7% showed high response rates. Social awareness of entrepreneurs experience the presence of the founding start-up experience was confirmed that the more negative the number increases, the more the contrary the number of start-up experience increased awareness of the current and future environment of entrepreneurship was identified as a positive entrepreneurship environment. Also recognized was confirmed to change the parent of the more positive changes in the start-up of entrepreneurs doctor also positive about entrepreneurship, start-up entrepreneurs start with a doctor's motivation for founding non-economic reasons than for economic reasons has confirmed Higher. This study showed the overall level overview analysis of the status and recognition of the Republic of Korea entrepreneurship ecosystem. Future studies need to be a proposal for an existing previous studies for more precise direction to go forth to analyze the entrepreneurship ecosystem with a focus on problems and improvement of the Republic of Korea entrepreneurship ecosystem.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-85
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• 2017

Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has seen as the potential to improve profitability and productivity in many areas as well as gaining notable attention in many countries. Despite, there has been some uncertainty about the e-commerce impacts for developing countries. The sufficient basic infrastructural deficiency, socio-political, economic and the lack of government public ICT policies have formed the significant barriers to the adoption and e-commerce growth in developing countries. Even though there are many researchers have found the common barriers to e-commerce in the developing nations, all business models targeting those countries are not equally successful. Small companies' persistence failed to challenge the e-commerce barriers in Cambodia because the firms didn't know the correct business model to succeed in this country online market. Therefore, this study will discuss the existing barriers which lead to limit e-commerce growth in Cambodia and the suggested solutions with the suitable business model for the e-commerce business in the country too.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.197-209
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• 2018

Recently, many start-up failures occur as the number of attempts to start a business increases in a social atmosphere that encourages start-up. In particular, young entrepreneurs have a lower survival rate than general entrepreneurs because young entrepreneurs are challenging just with a simple idea to overcome the difficulties of employment while lacking prior knowledge and experience of business. Therefore, the reason for the failure of start-up is lack of preparation for start-up and lack of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to develop a measurement tool to build a basic framework for entrepreneurship development and start - up preparation activities for young people. To develop an entrepreneurship measurement tool, researchers developed a preliminary question through qualitative research methods such as literature research, focus group interview, and expert verification. After that, researchers surveyed 102 entrepreneurs using quantitative research method and to verify the construct validity of the measurement tool, the final entrepreneurship measurement tool was completed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The entrepreneurship measurement tool developed through this research process consists of 7 components and 15 measurement items. First, in the step of 'confirming entrepreneurial intention', two items of 'self-analytic competence', three items of 'ability of establishing start-up philosophy'are contained. Second, in the step of 'drawing up a start-up model', two items are contained in each category such as, 'ability of eliciting entrepreneurial idea,' 'ability of analyzing idea validity,' 'competence of planning a venture start-up model'. Third, in the step of 'planning the venture start-up,' two items are contained in each category such as, 'business-plan presentation competency,' 'ability of implementing organizational system.'. The measurement tool of entrepreneurship is meaningful as it could help young entrepreneur find out their lacking competence in preparing their start-ups and strengthen necessary competences by measuring their own entrepreneurship. Rather in the entrepreneurship education, basic data that can diagnose the entrepreneurship of young entrepreneurs is provided.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.369-378
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• 2021

Recently youth unemployment has long remained a nagging problem in Korea, contributing to aggravating the economy as well as the society. As an alternative solution to this problem overseas employment has been encouraged by the government who started the "K-Move" program in 2013 by integrating existing overseas employment, internship, service, and entrepreneurship support programs administered by several governmental ministries. However, employment rate of overseas job seekers was only 24.5% in 2018. This study aimed to recommend strategic directions for increasing the overseas employment rate through a questionnaire survey of the overseas employed. The factual survey results showed the following four strategic directions. First, job seekers should set clear career goals for overseas employment. Second, overseas job seekers should thoroughly prepare in advance in terms of language and related certificates. Third, IT infrastructure for offering information on overseas employment should be improved and upgraded. And, fourth, overseas employment strategies should be tailored to the specific regional or national environment. These strategic directions are expected to be of great help to overseas job seekers as well as government policymakers for formulating and implementing overseas employment support programs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.697-710
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• 2021

This paper attempts to study the impact of Financial Literacy on Youth Entrepreneurial Intent in Pakistan. A closed-ended self-administered structured questionnaire covering financial literacy, computer knowledge, financial attitude, and financial knowledge with Entrepreneurial Intent was collected from young entrepreneurs. The research tried to investigate the education level with computer skill to inspect the effect of financial literateness on young generation Entrepreneurial Intent in the context of Pakistan. The research model was tested using PLS-SEM and authenticating a measurement model through the advanced methodology and their association with Entrepreneurial Intent. Results revealed that financial literacy and its two parts (financial attitude and financial knowledge) have a positive impact on Entrepreneurial Intent. The size of the joint impact of financial literacy and its components on Entrepreneurial Intent was assessed to be adequate. Entrepreneurial Intent is essential for creating new firms to maintain economic development. Furthermore, it is determined in this research that if youth has better financial knowledge and financial attitude, the probability of Entrepreneurial Intent increases. This suggests that if the youth in Pakistan desire to attain a higher limit of Entrepreneurial Intent, they must implement financial literacy models for enhancing and promoting their current Entrepreneurial Intent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.124-132
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• 2023

In order to support start-ups effectively with limited resources, it is necessary to provide support tailored to start-up companies. Businesses that are operating in local incubation centers may have different demands for the support depending on the region characteristics. This study was worked on companies that have entered into the incubation center 'Youth Cube', which is operated by Ansan City. We investigated the perception of importance in the field of support to identify support policy priorities, and the satisfaction level of each field of support currently supported. Then We conducted an IPA analysis to derive the direction of support. The Ansan area has regional characteristics that it is located in the metropolitan area with well-equipped start-up infrastructure and many innovative institutions, As a result of the importance survey, technology commercialization was recognized as the most important, and education/mentoring was recognized as the least important. Satisfaction with the space and facilities that can be used free of charge was the highest, and the satisfaction was the lowest for entrepreneurship education/mentoring, as was the degree of importance. In addition, according to each quadrant, we derived support that should be maintained, support that should be intensively improved, support that should be given a low policy priority, and support directions that should be kept in mind to avoid excessive support.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.63-74
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• 2018

Youth unemployment including college graduates has become more serious in recent years. It is very necessary to study the factors affecting entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions. These days, the number of female entrepreneurs has been increased dramatically. There have been many successful entrepreneurs with technology background in Korea. Until now, there have been not so many empirical studies examining moderating effects of gender and college major. A lot of studies have examined the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention of college students. The purpose of this article is to examine gender and major as moderators in the relationship. Until now, there has been very few research investigating the moderating effects of gender and major on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Survey questionaries were given to 400 college students randomly chosen in Gangwon-do. Finally, 334 surveys were used to analyze the relationship. The findings of our study are as follows. First, similar to previous studies, entrepreneurial orientation of college students has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Second, participation both in school entrepreneurship courses and out of school entrepreneurship education does positively affect entrepreneurial intention. Gender and major are moderating variables between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Third, compared to male students, female students with low entrepreneurial orientation show much lower entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, compared to Non-STEM students, STEM students with low entrepreneurial orientation show much lower entrepreneurial intention. Thus, in order to improve entrepreneurial intention among college students, it is very important to develop entrepreneurial orientation, especially for female and STEM college students.