• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relationship among such variables as self-efficacy, entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial intention in the public sector. In order to achieve the purpose, this study had specifically questions as follows: The first was to examine the effect of the self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial motivation in the public sector. The second was to examine the effect of the self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial intention in the public sector. The third was to examine the effect of the self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial intention according to the entrepreneurial motivation in the public sector. The fourth was to examine the effect of entrepreneurial motivation on the entrepreneurial intention in the public sector. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument. A total number of 257 employees in the public sector responded to questionnaire. In order to estimate the hypothesized structural equation model, the collected data were analyzed by AMOS 17.0, a statistical program for structural equation modeling. The major findings of this study were as follows; First, the self-efficacy was found to have a direct effect on the entrepreneurial motivation in the public sector. Second, the self-efficacy was not found to have a direct effect on the entrepreneurial intention in the public sector. Third, the indirect effect of the entrepreneurial motivation between the self-efficacy and the entrepreneurial intention proved positive in the public sector. Fourth, the entrepreneurial motivation was found to have a direct effect on the entrepreneurial intention in the public sector.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.157-185
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• 2017

This study was carried out with the attention that the concept of entrepreneurial orientation has been applied at various levels of CEO, employee, management, and organization as a whole. The differences between these concepts were examined by discriminant validity and convergence validity, and the causal relationship between these concepts and performance was analyzed. A total of 96 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The results show that CEO's entrepreneurial orientation, employee's entrepreneurial orientation, manager's entrepreneurial orientation and organizational entrepreneurial orientation have convergent validity and discriminant validity, and that these variables have different effects on the firm 's innovation performance and financial performance. In the analysis of the mediating effect, when the variables of all levels were put into a single variable, the innovation performance mediates between the entrepreneurial orientation and the financial performance in all variables. However, when all variables are applied simultaneously, innovation performance has mediating effect only on the relationship between organizational entrepreneurship orientation and financial performance. This shows that there is a conceptual difference according to applied level. As a result of the analysis of the causal relationship by the application level of entrepreneurial orientation, it is found that causality is formed among the entrepreneurial orientation variables. In particular, CEO's entrepreneurial orientation influences employee's entrepreneurial orientation, manager's entrepreneurial orientation, and organization's entrepreneurial orientation, and again, employee's entrepreneurial orientation and managerial entrepreneurial orientation form a causal relationship that influences organization's entrepreneurial orientation. In the relationship between innovation performance and financial performance, CEO's entrepreneurial orientation, organization's entrepreneurial orientation, and manager's entrepreneurial orientation are influencing innovation performance, and the only variables influencing financial performance are organization's entrepreneurial orientation. In conclusion, the limitations of the study and its future direction are presented.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.1093-1106
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• 2020

The role of the social environment for any activity is crucial as it prompts new ideas and plays a role of lever for entrepreneurial longevity and creating value through social wellbeing. The lack of entrepreneurship related knowledge in Pakistan has taken the challenge of lesser entrepreneurial activity as compared to other counterpart Asian countries and ranked 138 out of 189 countries on the level of ease of doing business. The study aims to investigate the social environment as a mediator among idea generation, business creation, financing decision and entrepreneurial activity by utilizing quantitative approach. In order to achieve the objective, a total of thirty eight items scale was self-administered for data collection. A non-probability, snowball sampling technique was employed and assembled a total of 300 complete responses through online and paper based surveys as per information provided by the chamber of commerce of three regions namely; Sukkur, Hyderabad and Karachi Sindh, Pakistan. The data analysis result strongly supported the main research question as the entrepreneurial activity increased up to 43.8% after applying social environment as a mediator. This research can help to enhance entrepreneurial activities in Pakistan by creating awareness to support entrepreneurs at social level for entrepreneurship.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.203-210
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• 2021

This paper explores the direct relationships between perceived support, attitude toward entrepreneurship, institutional environment, entrepreneurship education, risk-taking, and entrepreneurial intention. A survey of 1,000 students in Vietnam was conducted through face-to-face structured interviews. The confirmatory factor analysis and technique of structural equation modeling were used to explore relationships among latent constructs. The results show that entrepreneurship education, attitude, and social norms positively affect entrepreneurial intention. The findings of this study suggest that attitude has the strongest effect on entrepreneurial intention. More specifically, when students have an attitude toward entrepreneurship, they are more likely to start their own businesses. Research also showed that students are more likely to start a business when they find support from those around them and the knowledge and skills from the university. In contrast, the remaining factors, including perceived support, institutional environment, and risk-taking, do not affect entrepreneurial intention. The reasons for this result are that students cannot accurately assess risks due to lack of entrepreneurial knowledge, and start-up policies in Vietnam are currently focusing on financial support, but not on many other aspects, so that it may lead to start-up policies not being appreciated. The results provide implications for policymakers and educators for entrepreneurship development.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1-22
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• 2020

This paper analyzes the influence of entrepreneurial orientation, international market orientation, and investment performance of Korean SMEs in Vietnam on sequential investment. As a result of analyzing the research model using PLS SEM, it was found that Korean SMEs make sequential investments based on investment performance rather than entrepreneurial orientation or international market orientation. In addition, entrepreneurial orientation increased internationa market orientation and had a positive effect on investment performance, which was found to have a positive effect on sequential investment. Through this study, it was clarified that there is a difference between the determinants of initial investment and sequential investment, and it was confirmed that Korean companies show stable and strategic sequential investment tendency rather than proactive and bold investment in Vietnam. In addition, the mediating effect of international market orientation and investment performance in sequential investment was confirmed. In addition, it was confirmed that entrepreneurial orientation was a valid factor in the indirect effect of sequential investment. In the future, for high entrepreneurial orientation Korean companies entered the Vietnamese market, there will be a need for policy support to provide information on Global Value Chain in Vietnam and establish networks on the country.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.45-55
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is related to the entrepreneurial activation of middle-aged and the elderly people for identifying the influence of entrepreneurial competency and entrepreneurial motivation on the entrepreneurial intentions and the mediating effects of opportunity search. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted targeting the middle-aged and the elderly people in the ages of 40~60 years, and among 250 copies of collected questionnaires, 230 copies were finally used. SPSS 24.0 program was used for analysis. Results are as follows. First, the entrepreneurial competency had a positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Specifically, it has been proved that information competency, experience competency, network competency had a significant influence on entrepreneurial intentions. Second, the entrepreneurial motivation had a positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, it has been proved that independence maintenance, wealth creation had a positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions, but cost of living were rejected. Third, the results of verifying the mediating relationship of opportunity search showed that the opportunity search has performed a mediating role in the effect of experience competency, network competency, and independence maintenance on entrepreneurial intentions.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.45-60
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the influence of middle-aged office workers' entrepreneurial competency and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition on entrepreneurial intention by mediating entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation. Sub-variables of entrepreneurial competency were classified into prior knowledge, positive attitude, and social network. For the empirical analysis of this study, an online survey using Naver Office was conducted for about 15 days (February 6, 2023 - February 20, 2023) targeting office workers across the country who are interested in starting a business, and a total of 262 copies were collected and missing values. For 250 copies excluding 12 copies, SPSS Ver.24.0 and PROCESS MACRO Model 4.0 were used for empirical analysis. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, the higher the prior knowledge of the founder's individual competency, social network, and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, the higher the entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, it was found that the positive attitude among entrepreneurs' individual competencies did not affect entrepreneurship opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention. In addition, the magnitude of the influence on entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention was in the order of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, prior knowledge, and social network. This is because the positive attitude of middle-aged office workers towards start-up has a negative image of start-up due to the shrinking start-up environment due to COVID-19, fear of failure due to lack of preparation for start-up, and successive cases of start-up failure due to cognitive bias errors due to overconfidence. implying that there is Second, it was found that the evaluation of entrepreneurship opportunities had a significant positive (+) effect on entrepreneurial intention in a situation where the entrepreneur's individual competency and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition were controlled. Third, the startup opportunity evaluation was shown to mediate between the prior knowledge of the entrepreneur's individual competency, social network and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, and entrepreneurial intention, but it did not mediate between positive attitude and entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, among the factors influencing entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation and entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition was found to be larger than founder's individual competency, confirming the importance of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. Fifth, it was found that prior knowledge and network, which are individual capabilities of the founder, affect the evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial intention, so that strengthening entrepreneurship education to recognize the importance of cultivating prior entrepreneurial knowledge and experience can revitalize middle-aged office workers' entrepreneurship. confirmed.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.15
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• 2017

Given the diverse environmental contexts of universities worldwide there is a need for a theoretical orientation that addresses the entrepreneurial university in a range of settings. Applying the institutional perspective this research explores how universities are strongly influenced by, as well as active influencers in, their surrounding environment. To do this, we examine case narratives of two universities in each of the following countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, the UK, and the U.S. Analysis focuses on five entrepreneurial dimensions as defined by Nelles and Vorley (2010a): Structures, Systems, Leadership, Strategies, and Culture while examining the impact of regional and national context at regulative, normative, and cognitive levels of analysis. We address two research questions: How do universities interact with their institutional context in developing entrepreneurially and what actors and forces are most important in motivating institutional change in developing a university's entrepreneurial architecture?

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2018

In this research, we analyzed the foundation infrastructure of college and the entrepreneurial abilities, attitudes and entrepreneurial intention of students. This aim is to provide differentiated entrepreneurial education methodology of colleges different from general universities. First, in order to grasp the entrepreneurial infrastructure of the college, we conducted an interview with the person in charge and evaluated it based on the criteria presented at the Foundation Promotion Agency. Secondly, we conducted a questionnaire survey for students of colleges and analyzed entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial attitudes, and entrepreneurial intentions. As a result, the following suggestions were derived. As colleges have a shorter period than general universities, it is impossible to prepare the same infrastructure with 4 year universities, so differentiated infrastructure standards should be presented. It is lower than the competence and attitude of the student's foundation. Therefore, in the course of education, we must seek methods that can increase the degree of establishment through comparative processes such as educational curriculum and founding circle, which are practical and not theoretical contents.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze key concepts of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and to suggest implications for economic geographical studies. The definition and concept of entrepreneurship as well as changes of its research trends were examined. By combining entrepreneurship and geography, Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, which have recently emerged as important concepts and theories, were examined with the focus on the key concepts such as 'actors and factors', 'productive' and 'territory'. It is important that the individual, organizational and institutional components such as entrepreneurs, start-ups, existing companies, institutions and cultural elements are interconnected to build communities through 'entrepreneurial recycling'. Entrepreneurial Ecosystems support to create innovative high-growth start-ups based on entrepreneurial culture in the local region. Despite conceptual limitations, theoretical and empirical analyses should be conducted from economic geographical perspectives in order to reveal the geographical and spatial processes of productive entrepreneurship and to suggest policy implications for region-based start-up ecosystems.