• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1934-1939
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• 2019

Background: Flexible flat foot is that the medial longitudinal arch collapses in weight bearing and returns normal arch when weight is removed and the weight bearing shifts toward medial part of the foot, which can cause pathological problems in the alignment of the lower extremities and the entire body. Objective: To compare the foot pressure for adults with flexible flat foot. Design: Quasi-Experimental Study Methods: 24 participants with flexible flat foot were recruited and were randomly divided into Visual feedback Short Foot Exercise (VSFE) group and Short Foot Exercise (SFE) group. To compare changes of foot pressure about pre and post intervention, the contact pressure measurement was conducted. Results: In the VSFE, significant differences were observed for the foot pressure of the 1^st toe, 1^st, 3^rd and 4-5^th metatarsal, midfoot, medial and lateral heel (p<.05). The foot pressure of the 3^rd and 4-5^th metatarsal, midfoot showed significant differences in the SFE (p<.05). The contact pressure of the 1^st toe, 3^rd metatarsal showed significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Visual feedback short foot exercise can be useful for moving the pressure from medial to lateral part, and can prevent possible pathological problems.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 2020

Structural damage to an arch dam is often of major concern and must be evaluated for probable rehabilitation to ensure safe, regular, normal operation. This evaluation is crucial to prevent any catastrophic or failure consequences for the life time of the dam. If specific major damage such as a large crack occurs to the dam body, the assessments will be necessary to determine the current level of safety and predict the resistance of the structure to various future loading such as earthquakes, etc. This study investigates the behavior of an arch dam cracked due to water pressure. Safety factors (SFs), of shear and compressive tractions were calculated at the surfaces of the contraction joints and the cracks. The results indicated that for cracking with an extension depth of half the thickness of the dam body, for both cases of penetration and non-penetration of water load into the cracks, SFs only slightly reduces. However, in case of increasing the depth of crack extension into the entire thickness of the dam body, the friction angle of the cracked surface is crucial; however, if it reduces, the normal loading SFs of stresses and joints tractions reduce significantly.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2014

Single layer free-form structures are being highlighted in the field of architecture due to its attractive shape. In these structures, node connecting system is very important because the node must resist bending and axial stress simultaneously. So the local and global stabilities of entire structure can be determined by the stiffness of node system. In this study, therefore, various types of bending test with axial force were performed. As a result, bending capacity with axial force of a new spherical node for free-form structure could be performed and structural capacities were checked to use in real structure.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-47
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• 2010

Accessory tragus is an uncommon congenital anomaly of the external ear. The tragus derives from the first branchial arch. The accessory tragus can be found along the entire course of embryonic migration. Usually it appears as a small papules arising near the tragus, but rarely, along an imaginary line drawn back from the tragus to the angle of the mouth, or along the anterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the sternoclavicular region. We experienced a case of accessory tragi on the suprasternal region in an 9 year-old-boy.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2005

The branchial anomaly is a lateral neck mass commonly seen by otolaryngologists. Depending on its anatomic location, branchial anomaly can be classified into first, second, third and fourth. The fourth branchial cleft anomaly is very rare entity and until now, only 35cases have been reported worldwide. It may present as neck cyst, recurrent neck abscess, thyroiditis. Combined with barium swallow esophagogram and computed tomography scan can aid in diagnosis of this rare disease entity. Complete excision of the entire epithelial tract combined with ipsilateral thyroid lobectomy remains the mainstay of treatment. Authors experienced a case of lateral neck mass which was anatomically presumed to be the fourth branchial cleft cyst. We report this case with the related literature.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-150
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• 2017

The structural strain plays a significant role in structural condition assessment of in-service bridges in terms of structural bearing capacity, structural reliability level and entire safety redundancy. Therefore, it has been one of the most important parameters concerned by researchers and engineers engaged in structural health monitoring (SHM) practices. In this paper, an SHM system instrumented on the Jiubao Bridge located in Hangzhou, China is firstly introduced. This system involves nine subsystems and has been continuously operated for five years since 2012. As part of the SHM system, a total of 166 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors are installed on the bridge to measure the dynamic strain responses of key structural components. Based on the strain monitoring data acquired in recent two years, the strain-based structural condition assessment of the Jiubao Bridge is carried out. The wavelet multi-resolution algorithm is applied to separate the temperature effect from the raw strain data. The obtained strain data under the normal traffic and wind condition and under the typhoon condition are examined for structural safety evaluation. The structural condition rating of the bridge in accordance with the AASHTO specification for condition evaluation and load and resistance factor rating of highway bridges is performed by use of the processed strain data in combination with finite element analysis. The analysis framework presented in this study can be used as a reference for facilitating the assessment, inspection and maintenance activities of in-service bridges instrumented with long-term SHM system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.530-534
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• 2002

Background: In aortic surgery, division and ligation of the left brachiocephalic vein(LBV) may improve exposure of the aortic arch but controversy continues about the safety of this division and whether a divided vein should be reanastomosed after arch replacement was completed. The safety of LBV division and the fate of the left subclavian venous drainage after LBV division were studied. Material and Method: From November 1998 to January 2001, planned division and ligation of the LBV on the mid-line after median sternotomy was peformed in 10 patients during the aortic surgery with the consideration of local anatomy and distal aortic anastomosis. Assessment for upper extremity edema and neurologic symptoms, measurement of venous pressure in the right atrium and left internal jugular vein, and digital subtraction venography(DSV) of the left arm were made postoperatively. Result: In 10 patients there was improvement in access to the aortic arch for procedures on the ascending aorta or aortic arch. The mean age of patients was 62 years(range 24 to 70). Follow-up ranged from 3 weeks to 13 months. One patient died because of mediastinitis from methicilline-resistant staphylococcus aureus strain. All patients had edema on the left upper extremity, but resolved by the postoperative day 4. No patient had any residual edema or difficulty in using the left upper extremity during the entire follow-up period. No patient had postoperative stroke. Pressure difference between the right atrium and left internal jugular vein was peaked on the immediate postoperative period(mean peak pressure difference = 25mmHg), but gradually decreased, then plated by the postoperative day 4. In all DSV studies left subclavian vein flowed across the midline through the inferior thyroid venous plexus. Conclusion: We conclude that division of LBV is safe and reanastomosis is not necessary if inferior thyroid vein, which is developed as a main bridge connecting the left subclavian vein with right venous system, is preserved.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.91-99
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• 1997

Alvar Aalto has pursued National Romanticism, cultural art movement in scandinavian peninsula, organic concepts of growth and suitability, comprehensive view of nature including a possibility of coexistance of human-being and the nature well harmonized. For instance, his design expressed local features of the nature, human emotions instead of geometical arts and mathematical principles. It is noteworthy today that he built up the identity with satrical architecture vocabularies, different from modern arch-itechtural idiology. The characte-ristics of his design related to interior architecture are collectively as follows; The first, Space discontinuity of the interior and exterior, gradual process by joints which are inclined to collage with many shapes in plan and section of the space and such joints are adjusted by sensual ways and stressed with inner collectivity in his works. The second, He pursued the architectural orderfor modern irreqularity, various changes and sensual harmonies. As result, free curved line, fan shape and irregular modeling were individually expressed by technics of natural features and national characteristics of Finland. The third, Organic synthesis. A harmony through med-ums in its space, materials and space effectiveness relations are made and expressed for mixed design especially harmonized of all the materials he planned, entire harmony with total design, itemized details, materials and furnitures in entire space. The fourth, The interest of the nature based on his sense harmonized with nature made him mainly use native materials, lumbers and red bricks masonry and showed and arranged various interior sky light and grazed in to let natural light in, harmony with garden to sensually cohere to the nature and courtyard, etcetera. His major subject are to direct architectural developments through the nature and human-being in his works. At this point, it is considered that his direction of the locality and independence as a human-being made the concepts of organic space structure possible.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 1986

The highly accurate laser holographic interferemotry method was used to determine in what way low-magnitude forces during maxillary expansion are transmitted to the entire maxillary complex and its surrounding structures. The experiments were carried out on a dryed human skull which had a perfectly preserved, normally aligned maxillary dental arch and intact alveolar process. The skull was fixed within a constructed metal frame which ensured maximal stability of the object. The optical equipment and the object were mounted on antivibration table. Interferograms were taken on the lateral and frontal sides of the maxillary complex, using the 10mW He-Ne laser and the double-exposure method. Analysis of the fringe pattern on the recorded object surface was performed by graphically determining the deformation curves related to the bony surface in selected horizontal and vertical planes. On the basis of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The density of the interference fringes was gradually increased with the degree of expansion force. 2. Mechanical reactions on the maxillary complex, circummaxillary sutures, and surrounding bones were clearly visible, even with the lowest loading degree. 3. The amount of bone displacement was greater in application of the force after $90^{\circ}$ turn than in initial application of the same force. 4. The direction of interference fringes on the bony surface was similar at all loading degrees.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-22
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution and the displacement in the maxillary complex after the application of the reverse headgear. The direction of force was parallel to the occlusal plane. Orthopedic force,300gm, was applied to the maxilla of the dry human skull in a forward direction. The stress distribution and the displacement within the maxillary Complex was analyzed by a 3-dimensional finite element method. The results were as follows: 1. The stress distribution at the molar region was greater than that at the anterior. 2. The stress distribution at the lateral side of the premaxilla was greater than that at the middle aide, especially high stress was noted at the canine eminence. 9. Compressive stress was noted only at the frontozygomatic suture of the zygomatic arch. 4. A forward, upward, and sideward displacement was noted at the entire nodal points of the zygomaticomaxillary suture portion. A displacement with a slight rotation was observed on the transverse palatine suture. 5. The maximum stress was observed at the lateral side of the maxillary tuberosity area, and generally the forward and downward displacement was noted at all this area.