Role of the Inferior Thyroid Vein after Left Brachiocephalic Vein Division During Aortic Surgery

  • Park, Hyung-Ho (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chosun University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Bo-Young (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sangmoo Hospital) ;
  • Oh, Bong-Suk (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University, College of Medicine) ;
  • Yang, Ki-Wan (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University, College of Medicine) ;
  • Seo, Hong-Joo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chosun University Hospital) ;
  • Lim, Young-Hyuk (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chosun University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Jeong-Jung (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chosun University Hospital)
  • Published : 2002.07.01

Abstract

Background: In aortic surgery, division and ligation of the left brachiocephalic vein(LBV) may improve exposure of the aortic arch but controversy continues about the safety of this division and whether a divided vein should be reanastomosed after arch replacement was completed. The safety of LBV division and the fate of the left subclavian venous drainage after LBV division were studied. Material and Method: From November 1998 to January 2001, planned division and ligation of the LBV on the mid-line after median sternotomy was peformed in 10 patients during the aortic surgery with the consideration of local anatomy and distal aortic anastomosis. Assessment for upper extremity edema and neurologic symptoms, measurement of venous pressure in the right atrium and left internal jugular vein, and digital subtraction venography(DSV) of the left arm were made postoperatively. Result: In 10 patients there was improvement in access to the aortic arch for procedures on the ascending aorta or aortic arch. The mean age of patients was 62 years(range 24 to 70). Follow-up ranged from 3 weeks to 13 months. One patient died because of mediastinitis from methicilline-resistant staphylococcus aureus strain. All patients had edema on the left upper extremity, but resolved by the postoperative day 4. No patient had any residual edema or difficulty in using the left upper extremity during the entire follow-up period. No patient had postoperative stroke. Pressure difference between the right atrium and left internal jugular vein was peaked on the immediate postoperative period(mean peak pressure difference = 25mmHg), but gradually decreased, then plated by the postoperative day 4. In all DSV studies left subclavian vein flowed across the midline through the inferior thyroid venous plexus. Conclusion: We conclude that division of LBV is safe and reanastomosis is not necessary if inferior thyroid vein, which is developed as a main bridge connecting the left subclavian vein with right venous system, is preserved.

배경: 대동맥 수술에서 왼쪽 팔머리정맥의 분리는 대동맥궁 및 대동맥궁의 가지현관들을 노출시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 그러나 이것의 분리에 대한 안정성과 대동맥수술후 다시 왼쪽 팔머리정맥을 문합해 주어야 하는가에 대해서는 논쟁의 여지가 있다. 왼쪽 팔머리정맥 분리의 안전성과 왼쪽 팔머리정맥을 분리한 후 정맥환류에 대해 연구하였다. 방법: 1998년 11월부터 2000년 1월까지 10명의 환자에서 흉골 정중 절개 후 국소적인 해부학과 원위부 대동맥문합을 고려하여 왼쪽 팔머리정맥의 분리 및 결찰을 왼쪽 팔머리정맥의 중앙부에서 시행하였다. 상지의 부종과 신경학적증상에 대해 평가하였고, 우심방압력과 왼속목정맥의 압력을 측정하였으며 수술 후 정맥조영술을 시행하였다. 결과: 10명의 환자에서 상행대동맥이나 대동맥궁의 수술시 대동맥의 노출에 향상이 있었으며, 환자들의 연령은 24∼72세로 평균 62세였다. 평균추적기간은 3주에서 13개월이었고, 한명의 환자가 메치실린 저항성 황색포도상구균에 의한 종격동염으로 사망하였다. 모든 환자에서 수술 직후 좌측상지에 부종을 보였으나, 술후 4일째 호전되었다. 추적관찰기간동안 좌측상지에 부종이나 운동장애를 보인 환자는 없었다. 술후 뇌경색에 이환된 환자는 없었다. 우심방과 좌내경정맥 사이의 압력차는 수술직후 최고치를 보였고(평균 최고 압력차=25mmHg), 점점 감소하여 술후 4일째 일정한 압력차를 유지하였다. 모든 환자에서 시행한 정맥조영술을 통하여 왼쇄골밑정맥의 정맥환류는 아래갑상선정맥얼기를 통하여 중앙부를 가로질러 우측 심장계로 유입됨을 볼 수 있었다. 결론: 왼쪽 팔머리정맥의 분리는 안전하며 우측 정맥계의 주된 교량역활을 하는 아래갑상선정맥을 보존한다면 왼쪽 팔머리정맥을 다시 연결할 필요는 없다고 할 수 있겠다.

Keywords

References

  1. J. Vasc Surg v.32 no.2 Crushed stent in benign left brachiocephalic vein stenosis. Hammer F.;Becker D.;Goffette P.;Mathurin P. https://doi.org/10.1067/mva.2000.106945
  2. Ann Taorac Surg v.70 Safety of left innominate vein dividing during aortic arch surgery. Sai Sudhakar CB;Elefteriades JA https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01498-3
  3. Surg Clin north Am v.68 Thoracic great vessel injury. Mattox KL https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-6109(16)44580-9
  4. Anestheisiology v.74 Reversal of blood flow in the internal jugular vein. Yonei A;Sari A
  5. Am J. Roentgenol v.167 Abdominal CT findings when the superior vena cava, brachiocephalic vein or subclavian vein is obstructed. Bashist B;Parisi A;Frager DH;Suster B https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.167.6.8956577
  6. Radiology v.188 Compression of the left brachiocephalic vein: cause of high signal intensity of the left sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein on MR images. Tanaka T;Uemuta K;Takahashi M(et al.) https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.188.2.8327678
  7. Ann Taorac Surg v.70 Long-term survival after radical resection of a primary angiosarcoma of the innominate vein. Ruchert R I;Kronche TJ;Burger K https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01961-5
  8. Ann Taorac Surg v.70 intermittent brachiocephalic vein obstruction secondary to a thymic cyst. Miller JS;LeMaire SA;Reardon MJ;Coselli JS;Espada. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01573-3
  9. J. Cardiothorac Casc Anesth v.15 Correlation of peripheral venous pressure and central venous pressure in surgical patients. Amar D;Melendez JA;Zahang H;Dobres C;Leung DHY.;Padilla RE https://doi.org/10.1053/jcan.2001.20271