• 영어영문학
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1339-1360
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• 2010

An analogical reading of socio-historical context of Harold Pinter's The Caretaker employs some postcolonial discursive analyses of postimperial British capitalistic interests in their post war reconstruction. It is also concerned with causes of so-called broken society. The Caretaker dramatizes minimal actions: a tramp is invited by the elder brother; a job as caretaker is offered; he is reluctant to accept the first offer by the elder brother, but is willing to the second by the younger; eventually, he is excluded because he makes noises while dreaming. These trivial actions produce serious and critical speech acts with their socio-historical implications. The tramp Davies is socially and thereby existentially excluded from the centre of the cold, banished to even colder peripheries. The audience face to the question. Why is Davies excluded? This study tries to answer the question, uncovering deep-rooted capitalistic racism, and reading its symptoms. Even after 50 years The Caretaker was staged, post-imperial broken society tries to operate the betrayals of disparity between the cause and effect of what has gone wrong. Pinter confirms that the action of the play takes place in a house in west London. With the city of London as its capitalistic centre, British imperialism lavished much of its wealth which has only served sectional interests dividing people against themselves. Pinter dramatizes the root of broken society. On the one hand, Pinter foregrounds the very general conflicts between individuals and forms of power; on the other hand, he underlies the very specific strategies of socio-historical exploitation, domination and exclusion.

• 아동학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2014

This study sought to explore the types of predictable pattern books are suitable for reading aloud, the differences between English and translated Korean picture books in terms of their characteristics of speakability and the meaning of sentences. This study investigated a total of 112 picture books. The predictable pattern types were analyzed specifically, compared with onomatopoeia, mimetic words, repetition, rhyme, the shift of sentence and style types. The results indicated that predictable pattern books could be classified into eight types and the number of sentences in translated books increased owing to the difference of sentence structure. In terms of speakability, words in repetition, onomatopoeia and mimetic words represented higher frequency except rhyme because of the difference of characteristics of the two languages. Furthermore, translations used strategies of the shift in sentence and style types for speakability. These findings demonstrate that predictable pattern books can serve as good materials to read aloud for young children not only in terms of English picture books but also translated books regardless of concerns regarding their speakability.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2003

The four skills of a language are basically required for a communication. They are very important for a learner to develop the balanced language acquisition. Today both listening and speaking skills are emphasized in the global era rather than reading and writing proficiencies. The reason is really why the learners' communicative competence is more needed than the accurate knowledge of a structure in the language. For this reason, the listening comprehension should be taught effectively using the following strategies. First, the sound difference of a language must be taught. Language is a complicated process to convey the comprehensive meaning combined with the internal and external factors of a language. In other words, the meaning for the sound of language should be transmitted by the unit of vocabulary and syntax. Second, a good listening comprehension requires the familiarity and much experience with a lot of English words to understand English sentences unconsciously. Third, as understanding the structure of language is effective for the listening comprehension, the better listening comprehension can be possible through the meaningful exercise. Fourth, the compound process of listening comprehension requires the comprehensive understanding of language, but not the separate understanding of language. Fifth, the appropriate application of the multimedia courseware helps improve the listening comprehension better than that of the existing audio, video, tape recorder and so on. Using multimedia courseware is useful as follows: A learner is able to take as much lesson as he/she wants. It does take little time to repeat about what he/she takes a lesson. It gives the lively picture with the native speakers' voices. It gives him/her(a learner) a feedback effect continuously through the interaction of computer. It controls his/her lesson in accordance with the level of a learner.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.537-543
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• 2016

본 연구는 중급 하 수준의 성인 영어 학습자의 말하기능력향상을 위한 토론수업모형을 제시하고 있다. 수업모형은 읽기, 쓰기, 듣기, 말하기의 네 가지 기술을 모두 사용하여 학습자의 스키마(schema)지식을 높이고 토론전략을 연습하는 단계로 구성한다. 토론주제는 학습자들의 인지능력에 적합하고 언어학습의 동기를 높이기 위해 학습자를 대상으로 설문을 통하여 10가지 주제를 선정한다. 토론식 수업모형의 교육적 효과를 살펴보기 위해 서울소재 영어과 2학년 26명을 대상으로 파일럿 실험을 한다. 공인영어말하기시험인 OPIc(Oral Proficiency Interview in computer)을 사용하여 사전, 사후시험을 실시하고 두 시험의 결과를 분석한다. 실험결과 참가자 대부분(82%)을 차지한 중급 하 수준이하의 학습자들은 실험 후 47%로 감소하였고, 실험 전 18%(5명)의 중급 중이상의 언어숙련도 분포는 실험 후 53%(14명)로 증가하였다. 전체적으로 한 단계 수준상승이 있었다. 토론식 수업모형은 학습자들의 언어숙련도 수준에 관계없이 토론수업을 할 수 있다는 가능성을 보여준다. 대학교 수준이상의 영어학습자들은 자신의 인지능력에 적합한 다양하고 창의적인 생각들을 좀 더 형식을 갖춘 지적인 언어로 표현할 필요가 있다. 토론식 수업모형은 종전의 대화식 영어회화와는 다른 새롭고 효과적인 교수법의 대안이 될 수 있다는 긍정적 평가가 기대된다.

• 인지과학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.129-159
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• 2024

글 읽기 과정에서 독자는 시선이 고정된 중심와(fovea)뿐만 아니라 중심와에서 오른쪽으로 벗어난 중심와주변(parafovea)에서도 정보를 처리할 수 있다. 다수의 안구운동 추적 실험 연구에서 경계선 기법을 사용하여 중심와주변 의미 미리보기 효과(parafoveal semantic preview effect)를 확인하였지만 현재 의미적 관련 정도에 따라 중심와주변 미리보기 효과가 어떻게 달라지는지에 대한 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 표적단어와의 의미적 관련 정도에 따른 중심와주변의 미리보기 효과를 관찰하였다. 실험은 중국어-한국어 이중언어자를 대상으로 한국어와 중국어 혼합 문장을 실험 자극으로 사용하였다. 각 문장의 표적단어에 대한 중심와주변 미리보기 조건은 (1) 표적단어와 동일한 단어인 한국어 동일조건(예: 나라), (2) 표적단어와 동일한 의미를 가진 중국어 동일의미조건(예: 国家), (3) 표적단어와 관련된 의미를 가진 중국어 관련의미조건(예: 政权), (4) 표적단어와 의미적으로 관련이 없는 중국어 무관의미조건(예: 围裙)이다. 실험 결과, 중심와주변에서 제시된 한국어 표적단어와 의미적 관련 정도가 높은 중국어 동일의미조건에서 고정시간이 짧았다. 또한 표적단어와 의미적 관련 정도가 상대적으로 낮은 중국어 관련의미조건에서도 무관의미조건과 비교하여 고정시간이 짧았다. 본 연구는 중심와주변에 제시된 미리보기 단어와 표적단어 간의 의미적 관련 정도가 독자의 글 읽기 과정에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다. 이를 통해 독자의 시선 이동 및 독해 과정에 대한 이해를 높일 수 있으며 효과적인 독해 전략과 교육 방법 개발에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• 영미문화
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.129-162
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• 2017

Ruth Ozeki(Japanese-American female novelist)?s recent novel, A Tale for the Time Being (2013) draws our attention because the fiction shows very interesting fictional experiments, especially in terms of post-humanism. Indeed, the novel is not a science fiction at all which has been, and still is, the typical fictional field employed in the discussion for the transhumanism and posthumanism. It also does not include any cybogs, robots, or aliens which provoke the posthumanism-related issues like mind/body, human/nonhuman, nature/culture relations. Indeed, it seems "merely" represent realistic day-to-day lives of ordinary people living in contemporary Japan and Canada, and in very minute and particular details at that. Indeed, the central action of the main characters of the novel seems very traditional, that is on the one hand writing a diary by a teenage girl who is counting the days and weeks before her suicide and on the other hand reading it by a female novelist who happens to find her diary several years later. Nevertheless, I would like to suggest that underneath this traditional narrative surface are simmering post-humanist and post-anthropocentric worldviews beyond liberal Humanism which takes human beings to be exceptional against human or non-human others. Not only in narrative contents and characterizations but also through narrative structure and strategies, the novel enacts post-humanist and post-anthropocentric worldviews which are interestingly drawn from both age-old Buddhist ideas and modern eco-philosophy and quantum physics. I would like to stress that what triggers the author's fictional experiments helping our rethinking and redefining "what human beings are" and "what the relation between humans and nonhumans" is not merely intellectual interests but her keen and passionate response to the heart-breaking pains and sufferings of human and nonhuman beings caused by the contemporary natural-artificial catastrophes and techno-scientific predicaments.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2018

The present study proposes a model for literature-based instruction within the context of a fashion design curriculum at a Korean university. The fashion design market continues to grow. The fashion design market now requires more cultural-bound strategies and efficient communication skills. The literature provides authentic resources and is highly relevant to the development of students' culture awareness as well as language awareness. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland written by Lewis Carroll contains various cultural contexts of the Victorian Era. The text provides explicit knowledge of the era depicted in both illustrations and satire languages. This study instructs students to analyze and interpret texts and illustrations so that they can engage critically and analytically in reading text to increase culture awareness and language awareness. The integration of literature and fashion design can provide students an opportunity to explore language choice and acquire refined knowledge of the target culture. Along with the text, illustrations in the literature provoke student's imaginative and creative thinking skills. Students can think and discuss many issues that deal with Victorian values and reinforce creative thinking skills. In the final stage, students can design fashion inspired by Victorian values and present their own designs using the acquired languages. This eventually leads students to adapt to a new notion for the fashion market and become competent communicators in the fashion world.

• 영미문화
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.103-137
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• 2018

Harold Pinter's One for the Road(1984) is a play about violence. Nicholas, who appears to be the manager of a place, interrogates Victor, Nicky, and Victor's wife Gila in a room for one day from morning to night. There is no direct physical violence in this play. But hints about the atrocities that took place outside the stage make the audience guess the violence and cruelty. Violence, which is not seen as such, is the central theme of the play. One for the road is worth reading as a resistance to breaking the mirror of global ideology, not as it deals with violent events confined to Turkey. The problem which Pinter had in mind, in particular, is that the United States plays a leading role in producing world-class ideologies, and that Britain is involved in collusion with the United States in cultivating such ideological fantasies, both abroad and at home. This thesis analyzes the contrasting reactions of each character in the play based on this social context. In particular, the conflicting reactions of the characters on the system are the most important conflict in the drama. Nicolas is a manager who moves on the system without seeing the truth. Victor and his family, on the other hand, do not move within the same ideology as Nicholas. This paper will take a look at what their strategies of resistance is and how they are revealed in the work. In fact, Nicholas appears split. Nicholas seemingly reacted decisively to the interpellation of the system. He expresses his belief and respect for the legitimacy of his actions. However, he has repeatedly sought the respect and love of Victor. Nicholas is now swaying. The theme that Nicholas presents consciously by grabbing at his own sway is 'Patriotism.' But this fantasy splits through Victor's silence and death demands. Therefore, the questions to be answered are: So why does Nicolas appear to be torn apart in a system that directs violence? But why is he forced to assimilate into the system? What other figures imply? To answer these questions, this thesis will take Slavoj Zizek's view of ideology. On the other hand, there are previous studies that read the system of violence in One for the road from the Althusser's perspective. Surely, this play explores the role of Ideological State Apparatus. However, from the point of view of Althusser, it is not possible to read Nicholas's division and the point of resistance seen by Victor's family. Pinter does not limit the scope of the ideological system as a closed one that regenerates ideologies, but secures the domain of main body resistance and struggle. On the other hand, there are already several domestic theses that read Pinter's work in Zizek's perspective. But these theses are mainly focused on analysis of Mountain Language. What this thesis would suggest is that there is a potential for an ethical figure of Zizek to be considered in One for the Road.