• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.25.1-25.12
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• 2021

Objectives: This study used micro-computed tomography (µCT) to compare voids and interfaces in single-cone obturation among AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) sealers and to determine the percentage of sealer contact at the dentin and gutta-percha (GP) interfaces. Materials and Methods: Fifteen single-rooted human teeth were shaped using ProTaper NEXT size X5 rotary files using 2.5% NaOCl irrigation. Roots were obturated with a single-cone ProTaper NEXT GP point X5 with AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, or prototype S-PRG sealer (n = 5/group). Results: The volumes of GP, sealer, and voids were measured in the region of 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, and 6-8 mm from the apex, using image analysis of sagittal µCT scans. GP volume percentages were: AH Plus (75.5%), EndoSequence BC (87.3%), and prototype S-PRG (94.4%). Sealer volume percentages were less: AH Plus (14.3%), EndoSequence BC (6.8%), and prototype S-PRG (4.6%). Void percentages were AH Plus (10.1%), EndoSequence BC (5.9%), and prototype S-PRG (1.0%). Dentin-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 82.4% ± 6.8%, 71.6% ± 25.3%, and 70.2% ± 9.4%, respectively. GP-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 65.6% ± 29.1%, 80.7% ± 25.8%, and 87.0% ± 8.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Prototype S-PRG sealer created a low-void obturation, similar to EndoSequence BC sealer with similar dentin-sealer contact (> 70%) and GP-sealer contact (> 80%). Prototype S-PRG sealer presented comparable filling quality to EndoSequence BC sealer.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.127-131
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• 2015

In spite of the socio-economic benefits of the construction industry, it accounts for many deaths, injuries and illnesses in many countries. In developing countries like Vietnam, the situation is even worse. Health and safety (H&S) management plays a crucial role in the efforts to improve H&S performance as it contributes to mitigating the risks of occupational injuries and illnesses. However, within the wider H&S literature in Vietnam, there is no insight into the current state of affairs of H&S management, particularly in terms of the management practices that need attention in order to improve H&S management across the construction sector. This study therefore presents the findings of an inquiry into the H&S management practices of contractors in Vietnam. The study employed a questionnaire survey which yielded 58 responses from contractors, particularly those operating in Southern Vietnam. Some commonly implemented H&S management practices by the contractors are: provision of personal protective equipment (94%), allocation of H&S supervisor on site (90%), and displaying of company H&S policy on construction sites, company website, and head/branch offices (86%). Some of the less implemented practices are: networking/engaging with other companies/institutions (e.g. government offices) about H&S issues (39%), rewarding workers for safe work behaviour (39%), reviewing and updating H&S plans (48%), and displaying regulatory H&S posters on site (45%). The findings have provided some insight into the current state of affairs of the H&S management practices of contractors in Southern Vietnam and could thus inform efforts by industry stakeholders to improve the aspects of H&S management that are lagging.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2024

본 연구는 19세기의 맨체스터의 노동 계층의 생활 공간 구조를 분석하려는 시도이다. 맨체스터에는 대표적인 노동 계층이 집단 거주하는 구역이 있었다. 엘리자베스 개스켈의 『메리바튼』은 노동자 계층의 비좁고 비위생적인 거주 여건을 묘사함으로써 그들의 비참한 생활환경을 드러낸다. 영국의 산업지대에서의 노동 계층의 생활을 분석한 엥겔스의 『영국 노동계층의 상태』는 특히 맨체스터를 주로 분석한다. 획일적으로 형성된 노동계층의 거주 구역은 부르주아의 거주 지역과는 분리되어 있었다. 도심의 상업 지구를 둘러싼 열악한 구시가지에 노동자 거주지역이 있었고, 그 주변에 중산층 거주 지역이 있었으며, 외곽에는 상류층의 주거지가 있었다. 분리와 차별로 특징지어지는 산업도시로서의 맨체스터의 형성을 추동한 것은 지배이데올로기이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.623-635
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• 2011

Inefficient rumen microbial fermentation is a major factor limiting intake of low quality roughage in ruminants. In this study, the effect of energy supplementation on rumen microbial fermentation, absorption of balanced digestion products and voluntary feed intake in sheep was investigated. A basal diet of a urea-treated mixture of wheaten chaff and barley straw (3:1 DM) containing 22.2 g N/kg DM was used. Four Merino-cross wethers weighing $45{\pm}4.38\;kg$ and fitted with permanent rumen and abomasal cannulae were allocated to four treatments in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. The dietary treatments were basal diet ($E_0$), or basal diet supplemented with sucrose (112.5 g/d) administered to the animals intra-ruminally ($E_R$), abomasally ($E_A$), or through both routes (50:50) ($E_{RA}$). Feed intake (basal and dietary) was increased (p<0.05) by sucrose supplementation through the rumen ($E_R$) or abomasum ($E_A$). However, there was no difference (p>0.05) in intake between animals on the control diet and those supplemented with sucrose through both intraruminal and abomasal routes ($E_{RA}$). The digestibility of DM and OM was highest in $E_R$ and $E_A$ supplemented animals. Although the rumen pH was reduced (p<0.001) in animals supplemented with sucrose entirely intra-ruminally ($E_R$), the in sacco degradation of barley straw in the rumen was not adversely affected (p>0.05). Intra-ruminal sucrose supplementation resulted in a higher concentration of total VFA, acetate and butyrate, while the pattern of fermentation showed a higher propionate: acetate ratio. Intra-ruminal supplementation also increased (p<0.05) the glucogenic potential (G/E) of the absorbed VFA. However, there was no difference (p>0.05) in microbial protein production between the four dietary treatments. Protozoa numbers were increased (p<0.05) by intra-ruminal supplementation of sucrose.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1124-1134
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• 2017

Objective: This study explored the physico-chemical properties of late-incubation egg amniotic fluid and a potential in ovo feed (IOF) supplement. Methods: Amniotic fluid was collected from broiler breeders (Ross 308, 51 weeks and Cobb 500, 35 weeks) on day 17 after incubation. A mixture of high-quality soy protein supplement - Hamlet Protein AviStart (HPA) was serially diluted in MilliQ water to obtain solutions ranging from 150 to 9.375 mg/mL. The mixtures were heat-treated (0, 30, 60 minutes) in a waterbath ($80^{\circ}C$) and then centrifuged to obtain supernatants. The amniotic fluid and HPA supernatants were analysed for their physico-chemical properties. Results: Only viscosity and $K^+$ were significantly (p<0.05) different in both strains. Of all essential amino acids, leucine and lysine were in the highest concentration in both strains. The osmolality, viscosity and $pCO_2$ of the supernatants decreased (p<0.05) with decreasing HPA concentration. Heat treatment significantly (p<0.05) affected osmolality, pH, and $pCO_2$, of the supernatants. The interactions between HPA concentration and heat treatment were significant with regards to osmolality (p<0.01), pH (p<0.01), $pCO_2$ (p<0.05), glucose (p<0.05), lactate (p<0.01) and acid-base status (p<0.01) of HPA solutions. The $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$, glucose, and lactate increased with increasing concentration of HPA solution. The protein content of HPA solutions decreased (p<0.05) with reduced HPA solution concentrations. The supernatant from 150 mg/mL HPA solution was richest in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine and lysine. Amino acids concentrations were reduced (p<0.05) with each serial dilution but increased with longer heating. Conclusion: The values obtained in the primary solution (highest concentration) are close to the profiles of high-protein ingredients. This supplement, as a solution, hence, may be suitable for use as an IOF supplement and should be tested for this potential.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1126-1137
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• 2020

Objective: Pellet durability, particle size distribution, growth response, tibia bone characteristics and energy retention were measured to evaluate cassava as an alternative energy source to replace maize in broiler diets with or without Ronozyme (A+VP) enzyme composites. Methods: A total of 480 one-day broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 8 treatments in a 4×2 factorial arrangement. Four levels of cassava: (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%) and 2 levels of enzymes (0 and 500 g/tonne) were used. Each treatment was replicated six times, with ten birds per replicate. Results: The particle size distribution in the diets showed an increasing trend of small particles with increase in cassava level. Pellet durability decreased (p<0.05) with cassava inclusion. Feed intake was highest in birds fed diets with medium cassava level at 1 to 24 d and 1 to 35 d of age. The body weight gain of birds reduced (p<0.037) as cassava level increased, but it increased (p<0.017 when enzymes were added. The feed conversion ratio was high (p<0.05) when cassava level was increased, but it reduced (p<0.05) when enzymes were added. The dressing percentage (DP), and weight of drumsticks reduced (p<0.05) with increasing cassava level. Enzyme supplementation increased (p<0.05) DP, and weight of breast, thighs and drumsticks. Ash content, weight, length, width, and bone strength decreased (p<0.05) when cassava level was increased, however, they were increased with enzyme addition. The contents of Ca, K, and Zn were raised (p<0.001) with increasing cassava level. Enzyme inclusion increased (p<0.001) all mineral contents in tibia bones. Body fat and energy retained as fat decreased (p<0.001) as cassava level increased. Enzyme inclusion increased (p<0.05) body protein content and energy retained as protein. Conclusion: Although broiler performance was depressed by high levels of cassava inclusion, it was not affected by low levels, which further improved by enzyme supplementation.

• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 하반기 학술대회
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• pp.281-281
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• 2009

Although national and regional environmentally friend agriculture (EFA) and food development programmes such as the Life-Food Development Plan (LFDP) have been established in Korea, some policy measures in these programmes seem to be unsuitable for Korean organic farming development. Policy measures tend to support external input purchases of organic fertilizers rather than market development actions such as providing consumer information, research, education, training and statistical data collection. The development of an organic action plan (OAP) for Korea is therefore considered essential for the sustainable future of organic farming in Korea. The purposes of OAP are 1) to define and set the clear goals/targets for the organic sector development, 2) to integrate various organic stakeholders and public institutions in partnership, 3)to focus on specific issues with tailored measures and 4) to integrate and develop different policy measures (Stolze, 2005). Most EU member state countries have developed their own OAPs and each reflects its own priorities with regard to organic sector development. This study compares and contrasts the Welsh, England and EU OAP with the Korean Jeonnam Life-Food Development Plan (LFDP) in order to facilitate the development of the organic food and farming sector in Korea. Early action plan, for example, the first Welsh OAP(1999) focused support on developing the supply of organic products whereas later action plans (e.g. England OAPs in 2002 and 2004 and the second Welsh OAP in 2005) focussed more on developing consumer demands for organic products. The EU OAP (2004) also aims at market support related to consumer demand and then organic farming production for its environmental and other social benefits. OAPs not only provide specific issue-solving tools but also perform a role as providing a focus for organic sector development as a whole. The Korean LFDP provides issue-solving tools but plays no regulatory role such as policy development, harmonizing various policy measures and conflicting factors and providing evaluation tools for further development. A national-level OAP could also facilitate international trade of organic products. To achieve better harmonized and sustainable approaches for the Korean organic industry, National- as well as regional- regulatory policy systems are urgently required in the form of an Organic Action Plan.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.373-390
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• 2011

본 연구는 시 도교육청 영재학급의 운영을 맡고 있는 업무담당자들의 역할과, 외국 영재교육 프로그램의 업무를 담당하는 코디네이터들의 역할과 자격이 어떠한지를 고찰하여 한국 영재학급 업무담당자의 책임과 역할, 자격에 대한 대안을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 시 도교육청 영재학급의 영재업무 담당자의 업무와 역할에 대해 알아보았고, 미국과 영국의 영재교육 프로그램 코디네이터의 자격과 역할 등과 비교하여 보았다. 미국과 영국의 영재프로그램 코디네이터들은 영재교육에 대한 이해와 전문적인 지식을 갖추고, 영재프로그램의 전반적인 기획과 운영, 학생 및 학부모 상담, 학생과 교사의 선발과 평가 등 영재교육 전반에 있어 가장 중요하고 핵심적인 역할을 하는 사람들이었다. 하지만 한국의 경우 영재업무는 학교의 여러 업무들 중 하나로 인식되어, 영재교육에 대한 이해와 전문성에 관한 어떠한 규정도 정해져 있지 않았다. 영재교육을 실시하는 원래의 목적을 충실히 이행하기 위해서 영재업무 담당자의 전문성은 확보되어야 하며, 그에 적절한 대우 또한 이루어져야 한다는 점을 대안으로 제시하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.799-812
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• 2017

에너지는 매우 복합적인 과학개념으로 많은 국가의 과학 교육과정에서 핵심을 이루는 개념이지만, 교수 학습 과정에서 많은 어려움을 야기하는 개념이기도 하다. 본 연구는 한국, 미국, 영국, 싱가포르의 교육과정을 비교분석하여 향후 교육과정 개정 시 고려해야 하는 에너지 교육과정의 쟁점들을 추출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국의 2015 개정교육과정, 미국의 차세대 과학교육표준(NGSS, Next Generation Science Standards), 영국의 과학 교육과정(National curriculum in England: Science programmes of study), 싱가포르의 과학 교육과정(Science syllabus)에서 에너지를 명시적으로 포함하는 성취기준들을 추출하여, 여섯 가지 개념 요소(에너지 형태, 에너지 자원, 에너지 전달, 에너지 전환, 에너지 보존, 에너지 산일)에 따라 분류하고 비교하였다. 에너지 관련 성취기준이 학교 급별, 학문 영역별, 에너지 개념 요소별로 어떻게 분포하는지 빈도 분석을 실시하였고, 에너지 개념 요소별로 내용 분석을 병행하였다. 그 결과 모든 나라의 교육과정 모두에서 에너지 개념의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었지만, 세부적으로는 강조하고 있는 개념 요소와 개념 요소별 내용에 있어서 상당한 차이를 발견하였다. 그 중 다른 나라와 대비되는 한국 교육과정의 가장 큰 특징은 에너지 개념 요소 중 에너지의 형태와 관련된 성취기준의 빈도가 가장 높다는 점, 특정 물리량에 대응하지 않는 체 포괄적인 의미로 사용되는 에너지 형태를 포함하고 있다는 점, 에너지 전달에 비해 좀 더 어려운 개념 요소인 에너지 전환을 강조하고 있는 점, 에너지 보존의 경우 역학적 상황에만 국한하여 성취기준이 제시되고 있는 점, 에너지 개념과 관련하여 '계'를 도입하지 않고 있는 점 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 차이가 야기하는 교육과정 개편 상의 쟁점들에 대해서 논의하였다.

• 비교교육연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.155-186
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• 2017

본 연구는 대학에 입학하기 전, 또는 대학생활 동안 일정 시간 동안 진로에 대해 탐색할 수 있는 주요국(영국, 미국, 일본) 대학의 갭이어(Gap Year) 운영 사례를 분석하여 우리나라 대학의 도입 가능성을 위한 시사점을 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 갭이어는 고등학교를 마치고 대학에 입학하기 전, 정규교육과정에서 잠시 벗어나 자기이해 등의 경험을 위해 다양한 진로 및 봉사활동을 하는 것을 의미한다. 갭이어 운영 사례는 미국 대학의 4개교, 영국 대학의 2개교, 일본 대학의 1개교를 분석한 결과, 갭이어를 제도, 재정적으로 지원하는 학교로 구분할 수 있으며, 그 대상으로 입학허가자, 재학생, 졸업예정자로 구분할 수 있다. 영국, 미국, 일본 대학의 갭이어 사례분석 결과와 그 시사점을 토대로 국내 대학의 도입 가능성 차원에서 제언을 하면 다음과 같다. 먼저, 대학 내외 관련 제도 정비 및 재정적 지원이 필요하다. 그리고 갭이어 운영 정착을 위한 진로교육시스템을 제안하는 바, 대학생들에게 제공하는 진로탐색, 진로결정, 진로계획 수립, 진로 준비 등의 체계적인 단계가 구축되어야 할 것이다.