Acknowledgement
This publication was supported by the University of New England Office of Research & Scholarship and by the Shofu Dental Corporation (Kyoto, Japan). The authors thank Mr. Ali Bahadur for micro CT and software support. The authors also thank Dr. David Colmenar, Dr. Tenzin Tamula, Mr. J. Rafael Malang, and Mr. Brody Valley for administrative support. The authors also thank Ms. Elizabeth J. Dyer for reference support and Ms. Lori Rand for writing consultation and editing.
References
- Sjogren U, Hagglund B, Sundqvist G, Wing K. Factors affecting the long-term results of endodontic treatment. J Endod 1990;16:498-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(07)80180-4
- Ng YL, Mann V, Rahbaran S, Lewsey J, Gulabivala K. Outcome of primary root canal treatment: systematic review of the literature -- Part 2. Influence of clinical factors. Int Endod J 2008;41:6-31.
- Komabayashi T, Colmenar D, Cvach N, Bhat A, Primus C, Imai Y. Comprehensive review of current endodontic sealers. Dent Mater J 2020;39:703-720. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2019-288
- Lacey S, Pitt Ford TR, Watson TF, Sherriff M. A study of the rheological properties of endodontic sealers. Int Endod J 2005;38:499-504. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.00953.x
- Schafer E, Schrenker C, Zupanc J, Burklein S. Percentage of gutta-percha filled areas in canals obturated with cross-linked gutta-percha core-carrier systems, single-cone and lateral compaction technique. J Endod 2016;42:294-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2015.10.018
- Ray HA, Trope M. Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. Int Endod J 1995;28:12-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1995.tb00150.x
- Kataoka H, Yoshioka T, Suda H, Imai Y. Dentin bonding and sealing ability of a new root canal resin sealer. J Endod 2000;26:230-235. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200004000-00009
- Zhou HM, Shen Y, Zheng W, Li L, Zheng YF, Haapasalo M. Physical properties of 5 root canal sealers. J Endod 2013;39:1281-1286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.012
- Chybowski EA, Glickman GN, Patel Y, Fleury A, Solomon E, He J. Clinical outcome of non-surgical root canal treatment using a single-cone technique with endosequence bioceramic sealer: a retrospective analysis. J Endod 2018;44:941-945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2018.02.019
- Miki S, Kitagawa H, Kitagawa R, Kiba W, Hayashi M, Imazato S. Antibacterial activity of resin composites containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler. Dent Mater 2016;32:1095-1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.06.018
- Yassen GH, Huang R, Al-Zain A, Yoshida T, Gregory RL, Platt JA. Evaluation of selected properties of a new root repair cement containing surface pre-reacted glass ionomer fillers. Clin Oral Investig 2016;20:2139-2148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1715-5
- Miyaji H, Mayumi K, Miyata S, Nishida E, Shitomi K, Hamamoto A, Tanaka S, Akasaka T. Comparative biological assessments of endodontic root canal sealer containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler or silica filler. Dent Mater J 2020;39:287-294. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2019-029
- Kusaka Y. Influence of root canal sealer containing S-PRG filler on osteogenesis in tibia of rats. J Meikai Dent Med 2018;47:139-147.
- Keles A, Alcin H, Kamalak A, Versiani MA. Micro-CT evaluation of root filling quality in oval-shaped canals. Int Endod J 2014;47:1177-1184. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12269
- Celikten B, Uzuntas CF, Orhan AI, Orhan K, Tufenkci P, Kursun S, Demiralp KO. Evaluation of root canal sealer filling quality using a single-cone technique in oval shaped canals: an in vitro micro-CT study. Scanning 2016;38:133-140. https://doi.org/10.1002/sca.21249
- Jain S, Adhikari HD. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of marginal adaptation of AH-plus, GuttaFlow, and RealSeal at apical one-third of root canals - part I: dentin-sealer interface. J Conserv Dent 2018;21:85-89.
- Adhikari HD, Jain S. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of marginal adaptation of AH-Plus, GuttaFlow, and RealSeal at apical one-third of root canals - part II: core-sealer interface. J Conserv Dent 2018;21:90-94.
- Mohammadian F, Farahanimastary F, Dibaji F, Kharazifard MJ. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the sealer-dentine interface of three sealers. Iran Endod J 2017;12:38-42.
- Eltair M, Pitchika V, Hickel R, Kuhnisch J, Diegritz C. Evaluation of the interface between gutta-percha and two types of sealers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Clin Oral Investig 2018;22:1631-1639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2216-x
- Polineni S, Bolla N, Mandava P, Vemuri S, Mallela M, Gandham VM. Marginal adaptation of newer root canal sealers to dentin: a SEM study. J Conserv Dent 2016;19:360-363. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.186453
- Ray H, Seltzer S. A new glass ionomer root canal sealer. J Endod 1991;17:598-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81832-7
- McMichen FR, Pearson G, Rahbaran S, Gulabivala K. A comparative study of selected physical properties of five root-canal sealers. Int Endod J 2003;36:629-635. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2003.00701.x
- Lee JK, Kwak SW, Ha JH, Lee W, Kim HC. Physicochemical properties of epoxy resin-based and bioceramic-based root canal sealers. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2017;2017:2582849.
- Carrotte P. Endodontics: Part 8. Filling the root canal system. Br Dent J 2004;197:667-672. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4811855
- Naseri M, Kangarlou A, Khavid A, Goodini M. Evaluation of the quality of four root canal obturation techniques using micro-computed tomography. Iran Endod J 2013;8:89-93.
- Wolf M, Kupper K, Reimann S, Bourauel C, Frentzen M. 3D analyses of interface voids in root canals filled with different sealer materials in combination with warm gutta-percha technique. Clin Oral Investig 2014;18:155-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-0970-y
- Schafer E, Koster M, Burklein S. Percentage of gutta-percha-filled areas in canals instrumented with nickel-titanium systems and obturated with matching single cones. J Endod 2013;39:924-928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2013.04.001
- Moeller L, Wenzel A, Wegge-Larsen AM, Ding M, Kirkevang LL. Quality of root fillings performed with two root filling techniques. An in vitro study using micro-CT. Acta Odontol Scand 2013;71:689-696. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2012.715192
- Al-Haddad A, Abu Kasim NH, Che Ab Aziz ZA. Interfacial adaptation and thickness of bioceramic-based root canal sealers. Dent Mater J 2015;34:516-521. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2015-049
- De Gee AJ, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Sealing properties of Ketac-Endo glass ionomer cement and AH26 root canal sealers. Int Endod J 1994;27:239-244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1994.tb00262.x