• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.6079-6097
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• 2018

Safety-related systems (SRSs) has widely used in shipbuilding and power generation to prevent fatal accidents and to protect life and property. Thus, SRS performance is a high priority. The safety integrity level (SIL) is the relative performance level of an SRS with regard to its ability to operate reliably in a safe manner. In this article, we proposed an optimal design procedure to achieve the targeted SIL of SRSs. In addition, a more efficient failure mode and effects diagnostic analysis (FMEDA) process and optimization model were developed to improve cost efficiency. Based on previous IEC 61508 diagnostic analyses that revealed unnecessary costs associated with excessive reliability, the new approach consists of two phases: (i) SIL evaluation by FMEDA, and (ii) solution optimization for achieving the target SIL with minimal cost using integer-programming models. The proposed procedure meets the required safety level and minimizes system costs. A case study involving a gas-detection SRS was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new procedure.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.725-738
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• 2024

This study presents a macro-modeling procedure for nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced and prestressed concrete panels under blast loading. The analysis procedure treats cracked concrete as an orthotropic material based on a smeared rotating crack model within the context of total-load secant stiffness-based formulation. A direct time integration method compatible with the analysis formulation is adapted to solve the dynamic equation of motion. Considerations are made to account for strain rate effects. The analysis procedure is verified by modeling 14 blast tests from various sources reported in the literature including a blast simulation contest. The analysis results are compared against those obtained from experiments, simplified single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) methods, and sophisticated hydrocodes. It is demonstrated that the smeared crack macro-modeling approach is a viable alternative analysis procedure that gives more information about the structural behavior than SDOF methods, but does not require detailed micro-modeling and extensive material characterization typically needed with hydrocodes.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.964-966
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• 2002

This paper presents a magnet circuit design procedure to reduce mover mass of the moving coil type linear direct motor (LDM). The procedure of optimization is based on the response surface methodology (RSM) and Sequential Quadratic Problem (SQP). This procedure of optimization is verified by the comparison of the result of the initial design between the result of the optimum design.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.713-718
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• 2015

This article describes the calculation procedure for the dynamic characteristics of a high-pressure labyrinth seal wherein the friction force and rotor whirling force are considered; SFCP, the commercial code developed by Lee and two colleagues, is used in the procedure. The simulation results were reviewed in comparison to those of the experiments provided by Benckert; additionally, the SFCP simulation results were verified using the CFD analysis presented by Toshio Hirano. This calculation procedure may therefore be applied to the dynamic characteristics of the labyrinth seals of high-pressure turbo machinery.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2015

This paper suggests a procedure to define business process improvement (BPI) projects with analysis results based on the cause-and-effect chain. The procedure developed in this paper focuses on eliminating root causes of business problems resulted from abnormal events occurred in business process executions. First, we develop three criteria used to make clusters of the root causes where a cluster of root causes will be eliminated together by a BPI project defined based on the cluster. Second, we develop a method to formulate desired expectations from the BPI project. Also, we suggest a method to calculate the relative importance of the BPI projects that help a BPI organization determine priorities of them. We illustrate the procedure and the methods with some examples for the domestic mail delivery process in the postal service industry.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.149-164
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• 2014

One of the most advanced classes of techniques for ground response analysis is based on the use of Transfer Functions. They represent the ratio of Fourier spectrum of amplitude motion at the free surface to the corresponding spectrum of the bedrock motion and they are applied in frequency domain usually by FFT method. However, Fourier spectrum only shows the dominant frequency in each time step and is unable to represent all frequency contents in every time step and this drawback leads to inaccurate results. In this research, this process is optimized by decomposing the input motion into different frequency sub-bands using Wavelet Multi-level Decomposition. Each component is then processed with transfer Function relating to the corresponding component frequency. Taking inverse FFT from all components, the ground motion can be recovered by summing up the results. The nonlinear behavior is approximated using an iterative procedure with nonlinear soil properties. The results of this procedure show better accuracy with respect to field observations than does the Conventional method. The proposed method can also be applied to other engineering disciplines with similar procedure.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.731-736
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• 2005

The governmental attitude toward private investment and financing for infrastructure projects has changed from the initial prohibition to the current encouragement in China, which has been embodied in the legal documents and administrative process. However, the problem of identification, bidding, and approval procedure for privately financed infrastructure projects has been observed in policies and administrative measures promulgated by different or even the same government branches, which is prohibitive factors for smooth project implementation. After analysis of the identification, bidding, and approval process of infrastructure projects, the authors proposed a simplified and alternative procedure and clarified the key points of relevant project documents.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.382-389
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• 2009

이동 단말기의 사용이 일반화되면서 최근 WiMAX 기술의 다양한 서비스 요구가 점점 증가하여 보안의 중요성이 점점대두되고 있다. 이러한 보안 요구사항을 충족시키기 위해서 WiMAX에 전통적인 1 홉 네트워크 보안기법이 적용되더라도 이동 WiMAX에서는 이웃 링크 설립과정과 TEK 교환 과정사이에 비연결적으로 동작이 이루어져서 악의적이 공격에 쉽게 공격당할 수 있는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이 논문에서는 이동 WiMAX의 보안 요구사항을 충족하기 위해 IEEE 802.16e 표준에서 제공하는 기본 기능이외에 WiMAX의 이웃 링크 설립 과정과 TEK 교환 과정 사이를 안전하게 연결하는 보안 연계 메커니즘을 제안한다. 제안 메카니즘에서는 SS와 BS가 생성한 임의의 난수와 비밀값을 이웃 링크 설립과 TEK 교환 과정의 암호학적 연결을 통해 TEK 요청에서 발생할 수 있는 man-in-the-middle 공격과 같은 내부 공격을 예방할 수 있다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.749-752
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• 2004

Unlike OLEDs, there is no lifetime testing procedure for TFTs. In this work, we have defined such a procedure and developed a method for the accelerated stress testing of TFT pixel circuits in a-Si AMOLED displays. The acceleration factors derived are based on high current and temperature stress, and can be used to significantly reduce the testing time required to guarantee a 20000-hour display backplane lifespan.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 2th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.777-786
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• 2007

This paper presents a modified simulated annealing algorithm to optimize linear scheduling projects with multiple resource constraints and its effectiveness is verified with a proposed problem. A two-stage solution-finding procedure is used to model the problem. Then the simulated annealing and the modified simulated annealing are compared in the same condition. The comparison results and the reasons of improvement by the modified simulated annealing are presented at the end.