• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2006

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

Here we report the influence of thermal treatment on the performance of high efficiency polymer solar cells with the bulk heterojunction films of poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b'] dithiophene-alt-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate] (PTB7-Th) and [6,6]-phenyl $C_{71}$ butyric acid methyl ester ($PC_{71}BM$). The crystalline nanostructure of PTB7-Th:$PC_{71}BM$ layers, which were annealed at three different temperatures, was investigated by employing synchrotron radiation grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) technique. Results showed that the device performance was slightly reduced by thermal annealing at $50^{\circ}C$ but became significantly poor by thermal annealing at $100^{\circ}C$. The poor device performance by thermal annealing was attributed to the collapse in the crystalline nanostructure of PTB7-Th in the PTB7-Th:$PC_{71}BM$ layers as evidenced by the GIXD measurements that exhibited huge reduction in the intensity of PTB7-Th (100) peak even at $50^{\circ}C$.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.2-11
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• 2000

Laser cleaning has begun to attract a considerable amount of interest recently as a new cleaning technique among scientists and engineers. The unique characteristics of laser cleaning are currently finding successful applications in industry, in medicine as well as in the world of art conservation. This paper takes an overview of the laser cleaning technique itself including basic principles and characteristics, and provides an account of current trends especially with regard to practical applications. Experience with its successful applications in various fields shows that laser cleaning may be about to emerge as a real alternative to conventional cleaning methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 2005

Ubiquitous computing is an emerging technic for various areas such as public, private (individual), military, industrial, medical sectors. The applications of ubiquitous computing are expected to be prevailed from home to office. Unfortunately, it is not effective to apply existing system/software development methodologies into this emerging ubiquitous computing applications. In this paper, MBASE (Model-Based system Architecting and Software Engineering) is applied as a development method of ubiquitous computing applications. The advantage of MBASE is to identify mismatches of product, process, property, and success models and resolve them in developing the ubiquitous computing applications. A SmartView, a ubiquitous computing application, is presented as a case study o f MBASE.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.659-679
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• 2015

Distributed applications are composed of multiple nodes, which exchange information with individual nodes through message passing. Compared with traditional applications, distributed applications have more complex behavior patterns because a large number of interactions and concurrent behaviors exist among their distributed nodes. Thus, it is difficult to detect anomalous behaviors and determine the location and scope of abnormal nodes, and some attacks and misuse cannot be detected. To address this problem, we introduce a method for detecting anomalous behaviors based on process algebra. We specify the architecture of the behavior detection model and the detection algorithm. The anomalous behavior detection and analysis demonstrate that our method is a good discriminator between normal and anomalous behavior characteristics of distributed applications. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed method enhances efficiency without security degradation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2017.01a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2017

IoT devices are interconnected in global network with different functionalities and manage the data transfer in cloud computing. IoT devices can be used anytime, anywhere with any device with different applications and protocols. Same devices but different applications according to end user requirements such as sensors and Wi-Fi devices, reusability of these applications can enhance the development process. However, large number of variations in cloud computing make it difficult the features selection in application because of compatibility issues of devices. In this paper we have proposed multi-Software Product Lines (multi-SPLs) approach to manage the variabilities and commonalities of IoT applications and protocols. Feature modeling is used to manage the commonalities and variabilities of SPL. We proposed that multi-SPLs feature model is more appropriate for modeling of IoT applications and protocols.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.994-996
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• 2003

GRAM++ is a collection of software packages for geographic information system (GIS) applications, developed indigenously at the Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering (CSRE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay. This software is now being used for a number of GIS applications that assist decision makers in taking informed decisions. Some of these applications include simulation of the spatial impact of raising height of dam and assessment of the costs and benefits; identifying sites suitable for inland aquaculture and validation with existing sites; developing resource profiles and computation of human development indices for prioritized development; land suitability analysis for agriculture applications.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.311-323
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• 2014

This paper introduces recent applications of three-dimensional building/construction data modeling (3D) and building information modeling (BIM) to large-scale complex building construction projects in Japan. Recently, BIM has been utilized as a tool in construction process innovation through planning, design, engineering, procurement and construction to establish a front-loading-type design building system. Firstly, the background and introduction processes of 3D and BIM are described to clarify their purposes and scopes of applications. Secondly, 3D and BIM applications for typical large-scale complex building construction projects to improve planning and management efficiency in building construction are presented. Finally, future directions and further research issues with 3D and BIM applications are proposed.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.109-111
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• 2007

In this paper, MOS devices with ultrathin gate dielectrics (5.5 nm) are characterized and compared with those with conventional oxides particularly for nanoscale CMOS applications. Nitrogen concentrations and profiles in the nitride gate dielectrics were obtained that will play an important role in improving both hot-carrier lifetime and resistance to boron penetration. This approach seems very useful for future nanoscale CMOS device applications.