• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1587-1599
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• 2017

This paper proposes a real-time implementation of an optimal operation of a double stage grid connected wind power system incorporating an active power filter (APF). The system is used to supply the nonlinear loads with harmonics and reactive power compensation. On the generator side, a new adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is proposed to track the maximum wind power point regardless of wind speed fluctuations. Whereas on the grid side, a modified predictive current control (PCC) algorithm is used to control the APF, and allow to ensure both compensating harmonic currents and injecting the generated power into the grid. Also a type 2 fuzzy logic controller is used to control the DC-link capacitor in order to improve the dynamic response of the APF, and to ensure a well-smoothed DC-Link capacitor voltage. The gained benefits from these proposed control algorithms are the main contribution in this work. The proposed control scheme is implemented on a small-scale wind energy conversion system (WECS) controlled by a dSPACE 1104 card. Experimental results show that the proposed T2FLC maintains the DC-Link capacitor voltage within the limit for injecting the power into the grid. In addition, the PCC of the APF guarantees a flexible settlement of real power exchanges from the WECS to the grid with a high power factor operation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 진동수주형(OWC: Oscillating Water Column) 파력발전시스템을 위한 30kW 급 계통연계형 PCS(Power Conversion System)을 다룬다. 해양에너지 중 파력 발전은 삼면이 바다인 반도의 특성을 지닌 한국에 적용하기 적합하고 연안재해 시 파력 발전기가 방파제 역할을 하여 피해를 감소시킬 수 있고, 다른 해상 발전과 개발 대상 적지가 일치하므로 통합하여 효율을 증대 시킬 수 있다. 파력발전 방식은 작동 원리에 따라 가동 물체형과 진동수주형, 월파형 등 여러 형태로 구분하며, 설치 형태에 따라 고정식과 부유식으로 구분된다. 본 논문에서는 구조적으로 안정되고 터빈과 발전기의 유지 보수가 비교적 쉬운 진동수주형을 채택하여, 파력발전용 30kW 계통연계형 PCS 토폴로지 및 모델을 제안하고 계통에 안정적으로 전압을 공급할 수 있는 DC link 전압 제어 등 계통연계 시 필요한 제어방법에 대해 설명하였다. 또한 이를 검증하기 위해 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2021

Recently, hybrid coal research is underway to upgrade low-grade coal. The hybrid coal is made by mixing low-grade coal with bioliquids such as molasses, sugar cane, and lignin. In the case of lignin used here, a large amount of lignin is included in the wastewater of the papermaking process, and thus, research on hybrid coal production using the same is attracting attention. However, since a large amount of metal ions are contained in the lignin wastewater from the papermaking process, substances that corrode the generator are generated during combustion, and the amount of fly ash is increased. To solve this problem, it is essential to remove metal ions in the lignin wastewater. In this study, metal ions were removed by ion exchange with a alumina hollow fiber membrane coated with K-Phillipsite (K-PHI) zeolite. The alumina hollow fiber membrane used as the support was prepared by the nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method, and K-PHI seeds were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The prepared K-PHI seed was seeded on the surface of the support and coated by secondary growth hydrothermal synthesis. The characteristic of prepared coating membrane was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), and the concentration of metal ions before and after ion exchange was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The extraction amount of K+ is 86 mg/kg, and the extraction amount of Na+ is 54.9 mg/kg. Therefore, K-PHI zeolite membrane has the potential to remove potassium and sodium ions from the solution and can be used in acidic lignin wastewater.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2021

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has been operating an integral effects test facility, the Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Test Loop for Accident Simulation (ATLAS), according to APR1400 for transient experimental and design basis accident simulation. Moreover, based on the experimental data, the domestic standard problem (DSP) program has been conducted in Korea to validate system codes. Recently, through DSP-05, the performance of the passive auxiliary feedwater system (PAFS) in the event of multiple steam generator tube rupture (MSGTR) has been analyzed. However, some errors exist in the reference input model distributed for DSP-05. Furthermore, the calculation results of the heat loss correlation for the secondary system presented in the technical report of the reference indicate that a large difference is present in heat loss from the target value. Thus, in this study, the reference model is corrected using the geometric information from the design report and drawings of ATLAS. Additionally, a new heat loss correlation is suggested by fitting the results of the heat loss tests. Herein, MSGTR-PAFS accident analysis is performed using MARS-KS 1.5 with the improved model. The steady-state calculation results do not significantly differ from the experimental values, and the overall physical behavior of the transient state is properly predicted. Particularly, the predicted operating time of PAFS is similar to the experimental results obtained by the modified model. Furthermore, the operating time of PAFS varies according to the heat loss of the secondary system, and the sensitivity analysis results for the heat loss of the secondary system are presented.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.94-107
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• 2022

Accidents prevention and mitigation is the highest priority of nuclear power plant (NPP) operation, particularly in the aftermath of the Fukushima Daiichi accident, which has reignited public anxieties and skepticism regarding nuclear energy usage. To deal with accident scenarios more effectively, operators must have ample and precise information about key safety parameters as well as their future trajectories. This work investigates the potential of machine learning in forecasting NPP response in real-time to provide an additional validation method and help reduce human error, especially in accident situations where operators are under a lot of stress. First, a base-case SGTR simulation is carried out by the best-estimate code RELAP5/MOD3.4 to confirm the validity of the model against results reported in the APR1400 Design Control Document (DCD). Then, uncertainty quantification is performed by coupling RELAP5/MOD3.4 and the statistical tool DAKOTA to generate a large enough dataset for the construction and training of neural-based machine learning (ML) models, namely LSTM, GRU, and hybrid CNN-LSTM. Finally, the accuracy and reliability of these models in forecasting system response are tested by their performance on fresh data. To facilitate and oversee the process of developing the ML models, a Systems Engineering (SE) methodology is used to ensure that the work is consistently in line with the originating mission statement and that the findings obtained at each subsequent phase are valid.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.440-448
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• 2022

최근 분산 에너지 자원들의 도입으로 전력망의 최적 자원 할당 문제의 중요성이 강조되고 있고, 대규모 전력망의 방대한 양의 데이터를 처리하기 위해 분산 자원 할당 기법이 요구되고 있다. 최적 자원 할당 문제에서 각 발전기의 발전 용량의 한계로 인하여 수급의 균형이 만족하는 경우를 고려한 연구는 많이 진행되고 있지만, 총 요구량이 최대 발전 용량을 초과하는 경우인 수급 불균형을 고려한 연구는 아직 미미한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 수급 균형인 상황뿐만 아니라 수급 불균형 상황을 고려하여 전력망의 최적 자원 할당을 위한 일치 기반의 분산 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 분산 알고리즘은 수급 균형을 만족하는 경우에는 최적의 자원을 할당하고, 수급이 불균형한 경우에는 부족한 자원의 양을 계측할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 마지막으로 모의실험을 통하여 제안된 알고리즘의 성능을 검증하였다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2022

Although the distribution system has been structured as complicated as a mesh in the past, the connection points for each line are always kept open, so that it is operated as a radial distribution system (RDS). For RDS, the line utilization rate is determined according to the maximum load on the line, and the utilization rate is usually kept low. In addition, when a fault occurs in the RDS, a power outage of about 3 to 5 minutes occurs until the fault section is separated, and the healthy section is transferred to another line. To improve the disadvantages of the RDS, research on the construction of a networked distribution system (NDS) that linking multiple lines is in progress. Compared to the RDS, the NDS has advantages such as increased facility utilization, load leveling, self-healing, increased capacity connected to distributed generator, and resolution of terminal voltage drop. However, when a fault occurs in the network distribution system, fault current can flow in from all connected lines, and the direction of fault current varies depending on the fault point, so a high-precision fault current direction determination method and high-speed communication are required. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an accurate fault current direction determination method by comparing the peak value polarity of the fault current in the event of a fault, and a communication-based protection coordination method using this method.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2022

The number of facilities using radiation generators increases and related regulations are strengthened, the establishment of a shielding management and evaluation technology has become important. The characteristics of the radiation generator used in previous report differ from those of currently available high-frequency radiation generators. This study aimed to manufacture lead, iron, and concrete shielding materials for the re-verification of half-value layers, tenth-value layers, and attenuation curve. For a comparison of attenuation ratio, iron, lead, and concrete shields were manufactured in this study. The initial dose was measured without shielding materials, and doses measured under different types and thicknesses of shielding material were compared with the initial dose to calculate the transmission rate on 50-300 kVp X-ray. All the three shielding materials showed a tendency to require greater shielding thickness for higher energy. The attenuation graph showed an exponential shape as the thickness decreased and a straight line as the thickness increased. The difference between the measurement results and the previous study, except in extrapolated parts, may be due to the differences in the radiation generation characteristics between the generators used in the two studies. The attenuated graph measured in this study better reflects the characteristics of current radiation generators, which would be more effective for shield designing.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.148-156
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• 1994

$YBa_2Cu_3O_X$상 부근의 3가지 조성을 skull melting 방법으로 4MHz에서 녹인 후 방향적 결정성장을 시켰다. 일반적인 무기재료 공정방법으로 처리된 분말을 skull에 넣은 후 $1200^{\circ}C$부근에서 용융시켰다. 사용한 성장속도는 4~0.25 cm/hr이었으며, 금속현미경, X-선 회절기, EDX 등을 이용해서 제조된 시편을 조사하여 사용한 분말의 조성에 따른 시편의 미세조직의 변화를 관찰하였다. $YBa_2Cu_7O_X$와 $YBa_5Cu_{11}O_X$ 시편의 대표적인 미세조직은 성장방향으로 자라난 침상형태의 $YBa_2Cu_3O_X$와 $Y_2BaCuO_5$ 상이 $CuO-BaCuO_2$의 공융 조직상 사이에 생성된 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2023

Objectives: The aims of this study are to investigate how X-rays are emitted to surrounding parts during the ion implantation process, to analyze these emissions in relation to the properties of the ion implanter equipment, and to estimate the resulting exposure dose. Eight ion implanters equipped with high-voltage electrical systems were selected for this study. Methods: We monitored X-ray emissions at three locations outside of the ion implanters: the accelerator equipped with a high-voltage energy generator, the impurity ion source, and the beam line. We used a Personal Portable Dose Rate and Survey Meter to monitor real-time X-ray levels. The SX-2R probe, an X-ray Features probe designed for use with the Radiagem^TM meter, was also utilized to monitor lower ranges of X-ray emissions. The counts per second (CPS) measured by the meter were estimated and then converted to a radiation dose (𝜇Sv/hr) based on a validated calibration graph between CPS and μGy/hr. Results: X-rays from seven ion implanters were consistently detected in high-voltage accelerator gaps, regardless of their proximity. X-rays specifically emanated from three ion implanters situated in the ion box gap and were also found in the beam lines of two ion implanters. The intensity of these X-rays did not show a clear pattern relative to the devices' age and electric properties, and notably, it decreased as the distance from the device increased. Conclusions: In conclusion, every gap, in which three components of the ion implanter devices were divided, was found to be insufficiently shielded against X-ray emissions, even though the exposure levels were not estimated to be higher than the threshold.