• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-132
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper is to re-establish the concept of Eastern time, which is used in Myeongliology and Kimun-dungap, and to discuss the use of real-time of the sun according to the birth area, the selection of real-jasi between night-jasi and real-jasi, and the exact meaning of birth time. The conventional use of time in Korean society uses Tokyo as standard time and uses a time system in which a new day begins at midnight. Howev er, what is important is not social univ ersality but the time and space of the univ erse where I was born, which is the center of the universe, should be the standard of my fate, so I have to use the longitude of the place where I was born to determine my exact time. Also it is argued that real-jasi should be selected for the selection problem of night-jasi and real-jasi, which has long been a controversial topic in Myeongliology, because the flow of cosmic energy is signaled an hour ahead. To secure the validity of setting such time, a case analysis was conducted using the time adjustment method through the spread of Kimun-dungap. Through in-depth interviews with the analysis subjects, the lives of the past were collected by date and time, and then Kimun-dungap checked whether the timing of each life event was accurate.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2023

In this study, pore-filled ion exchange membranes with low membrane resistance and high hydroxide ion conductivity was developed. To improve alkali durability, a porous substrate made of polytetrafluoroethylene was used, and a copolymer was prepared using monomers 2-(dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC) for pores. divinyl benzene (DVB) was used as the cross-linker, and ion exchange membranes were prepared for each cross-linking agent content to study the effect of the cross-linker content on DMAEMA-DVB and VBC-DMAEMA-DVB copolymers. As a result, chemical stability is improved by using a PTFE material substrate, and productivity can be increased by enabling fast photo polymerization at a low temperature by using a low-pressure UV lamp. To confirm the physical and chemical stability of the ion exchange membrane required for an anion exchange membrane fuel cell, tensile strength, and alkali resistance tests were conducted. As a result, as the cross-linking degree increased, the tensile strength increased by approximately 40 MPa, and finally, through the silver conductivity and alkali resistance tests, it was confirmed that the alkaline stability increased as the cross-linking agent increased.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.113-139
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• 2022

The iron and steel industry is a manufacturing industry with the largest greenhouse gases emissions and has a great ripple effect on the national economy as a core material industry. This study internationally compared the decoupling patterns of greenhouse gases emissions in the iron and steel industry from 1990 to 2019, focusing on Korea, Japan, and Germany. In particular, unlike previous studies that considered only fuel combustion emissions, this study considered all fuel combustion emissions, industrial process emissions, and indirect emissions from the use of electricity and heat. As a result of the analysis, Korea is interpreted as expansive coupling, Japan as decoupling, and Germany as unclear. Therefore, the decoupling path that the Korean iron and steel industry should take should not be in Germany, but in the form of seeking a decoupling method similar to Japan or more effective than Japan. In addition, this study considered the characteristics of the iron and steel industry as much as possible and presented the causes of the decoupling analysis results and implications for the Korean iron and steel industry through comparison with Japan and Germany. In particular, four factors were suggested as factors which has promoted decoupling in Japan: high value-added of Japanese iron and steel products, development of energy efficiency technology in the Japanese iron and steel industry, strategic M&A of the Japanese iron and steel industry, and maintaining competitiveness according to the closed distribution structure of Japanese iron and steel products. The Korean iron and steel industry should also use the case of Japan as a benchmark to further increase added value through quality uprade and product diversification of iron and steel products, while at the same time making efforts to fundamentally reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the development of new technologies.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 2017

With the growth of Chinese manufacturing industry and strengthening of manufacturing industry in advanced countries, the competitiveness of Korean manufacturing industry has become weak. Accordingly, it is time when energy for new growth is required very strongly. This research is the basic research to construct a cognitive and emotional information system to support sound design in manufacturing industry, and aims to develop AUI (Auditory User Interface) guideline. To fulfill research aims, this research conducted interviews to persons belonging to the manufacturing industry, and analyzed contexts and major characteristics related with AUI design. In addition, this research conducted survey on 269 persons on user preference on representative function of products. By analyzing survey data, this research examined the most suitable melody method for each sound, and difference in user preference between men and women. Based on beep sound, it performed analysis focusing on the number of sounds, melody types, and code. It also extracted AUI guidelines usable when users of the product into male and female. This research has significance in the sense that it built the basic guide data which can support AUI design in manufacturing industry.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.383-391
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• 2017

In image processing, image segmentation has been studied by various methods in a long time. Image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple objects and face detection is a typical image segmentation field being used in a variety of applications that identifies human faces in digital images. In this paper, we propose a method for extracting the contours of faces included in images. Using the Viola-Jones algorithm, to do this, we detect the approximate locations of faces from images. But, the Viola-Jones algorithm could detected the approximate location of face not the correct position. In order to extract a more accurate face region from image, we use skin color in this paper. In details, face region would be extracted using the analysis of horizontal and vertical histograms on the skin area. Finally, the face contour is extracted using snake algorithm for the extracted face area. In this paperr, a modified snake energy function is proposed for face contour extraction based snake algorithm proposed by Williams et al.[7]

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.189-207
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• 2023

In the present study, the thermoshearing experiment on a rough rock fracture were modeled using a three-dimensional grain-based distinct element model (GBDEM). The experiment was conducted by the Korea Institute of Construction Technology to investigate the progressive shear failure of fracture under the influence of thermal stress in a critical stress state. The numerical model employs an assembly of multiple polyhedral grains and their interfaces to represent the rock sample, and calculates the coupled thermo-mechanical behavior of the grains (blocks) and the interfaces (contacts) using 3DEC, a DEM code. The primary focus was on simulating the temperature evolution, generation of thermal stress, and shear and normal displacements of the fracture. Two fracture models, namely the mated fracture model and the unmated fracture model, were constructed based on the degree of surface matedness, and their respective behaviors were compared and analyzed. By leveraging the advantage of the DEM, the contact area between the fracture surfaces was continuously monitored during the simulation, enabling an examination of its influence on shear behavior. The numerical results demonstrated distinct differences depending on the degree of the surface matedness at the initial stage. In the mated fracture model, where the surfaces were in almost full contact, the characteristic stages of peak stress and residual stress commonly observed in shear behavior of natural rock joints were reasonably replicated, despite exhibiting discrepancies with the experimental results. The analysis of contact area variation over time confirmed that our numerical model effectively simulated the abrupt normal dilation and shear slip, stress softening phenomenon, and transition to the residual state that occur during the peak stress stage. The unmated fracture model, which closely resembled the experimental specimen, showed qualitative agreement with the experimental observations, including heat transfer characteristics, the progressive shear failure process induced by heating, and the increase in thermal stress. However, there were some mismatches between the numerical and experimental results regarding the onset of fracture slip and the magnitudes of fracture stress and displacement. This research was conducted as part of DECOVALEX-2023 Task G, and we expect the numerical model to be enhanced through continued collaboration with other research teams and validated in further studies.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2023

In Korea, a major contaminant of farmland soils in the vicinity of abandoned mines is arsenic, for which the general soil reclamation method is contaminated soil stabilization and cover the stabilized soil with clean soil at a thickness of 40 cm. In a previous pot experiment study we confirmed the feasibility of a lower thickness (20 cm) of covering soil for such reclamation in abandoned coal mines, where arsenic contamination levels are generally lower than in metal mines. In this subsequent study a field experiment including rice plant cultivation in field test plots was conducted. For over 4 months, the transfer of arsenic from the contaminated soil to the unpolished rice grains was reduced by 44% when a clean soil covering with a thickness of 20 cm was applied. The maximum decrease (56%) was shown when the stabilization process was performed before the covering. These results reveal a lower thickness of clean soil covering has a high feasibility and it can increase cost-efficiency in the reclamation of an abandoned coal mine.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.153-162
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• 2023

Shen-Xiao-Zhan's 『Zi-Ping-Zhen-Quan』, which is called a commentary on Chart-Structure in MyungLiollgy, After selecting the Chart-Structure and classifying the good luck and bad luck of the case, the Phase-usage is set up according to the principle of Shun reverse. At this time, if two or more the sky symbol hidden in the ground of Monthly intertwine to form several Structure and become Adjunct-Structure, the subject of Structure must be finally known to set up Phase-usage and succeed Structure and failure can be judged. However, in 『Zi-Ping-Zhen-Quan』, only the structure and meaning of Adjunct-Structure were explained, and the method of determining the final subject of Adjunct-Structure was not described. This researcher reviewed various literatures for a study on selecting the subject of Adjunct-Structure, and compared and analyzed various actual cases of Adjunct-Structure by dividing them into Monthly and Chart-Structure. Common results related to the type of sign of the land that met with Monthly, the energy force of the sky sign projected from the sky symbol hidden underground in Monthly and the strength and weakness of the body were drawn. and the law was organized subjectively. It is believed that the results of this study will serve as an opportunity to reduce the confusion of Adjunct-Structure.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2D
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• pp.163-170
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• 2008

According to the rules, a crash cushion is supposed to set up products that is satisfied with the standard of a performance test after performing the car crash test by road safety facilities and management guide. For development of crash cushion, performance should be estimated through the car crash test eventually. However, there is no reasonable design method which considers passenger's safety and only depend on crash test without an alternative plan. Therefore it incurs a loss materially and takes a lot. Therefore, we are asked to create a systematic design of the crash cushion. This study shows that a scientific basis of applying single degree of freedom when it designs the crash cushion after analyzing vehicle crash test data of crash cushion and also represents design of crash cushion through single degree of freedom response spectrum using calculated by crash test data on crash cushion.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3B
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• pp.323-334
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• 2008

Present study examined the functionality of the solitary wave (tsunami) control of the two-rowed porous submerged breakwater by numerical experiments, using a numerical wave tank which is based on the Navier-Stokes equation to explain fluid fields and uses a Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to capture the free water surface. Solitary wave was generated by the internal wave source installed within the computational zone in the numerical wave tank and its wave transformations by structure were compared with those in the previous study. Comparisons with the precious numerical results showed a good agreement. Based on these results, several tow-dimensional numerical modeling investigations of the water fields, including wave transformations, reflection, transmission and energy flux, by the one- and two-rowed permeable submerged breakwater under solitary waves were performed. Even if, it is a research of the limited scope, in case of two-rowed permeable submerged breakwater with $h_0/h=0.925$ ($h_0$ is height of submerged breakwater and h is water depth), the wave height damping in range of $l/L_{eff}>0.4$($L_{eff}$ is effective distance of solitary wave) can reach nearly 60% of the incident wave height. In addition, it is found that reflection coefficient increases nearly 47% and transmission coefficient decreases nearly 18% than one-rowed one. The numerical results revealed that the tow-rowed submerged breakwater can control the incident solitary wave economically and more efficiently than the one-rowed one.