• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-29
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• 1996

This study was conducted to elucidate the pathogenesis of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) by histopathologic examination. The first Korean ADV Isolate, which was isolated from piglets with clinical signs of Aujeszky's disease in Yangsan(YS) county, Kyungnam province, was inoculated into 32 days old piglets with a dose of $10^{5.9}$$TCID_{50}/ml$ through intranasal or intramuscular route. These piglets were sacrificed at intervals of every 24hrs for 8 days. The virulence of YS strain was determined by the observation of clinical signs, gross findings, and histopathologic changes in tissues. The virus recovery test was performed from brain, spleen, lung and tonsil in cell culture. The pathogenesis of YS strain was determined by the observation of histopathologlc lesions in CNS and neuronal tracts. The major clinical signs were fever, anorexia, dyspnea, constipation, tremor, ataxia, circling movement, hindleg paralysis and salivation. The clinical signs were more severe in piglets of the group inoculated intranasally than those of the intramuscularly inoculated gorup. Lymphocytopenia was detected on day 5 to day 6 postinoculation (PI). The ADV was recovered from the tissue homogenates of tonsil, lung, spleen and cerebrum in cell culture. The highest virus titer was detected from tonsil between day 6 and day 7 PI. Reddish sublobar consolidation foci were scattered in the apical and cardiac lobes of lung. Although yellowish necrotic foci were detected in tonsil and liver, hemorrhagic lesions were mainly observed in heart, kidney and lymph nodes. Histopathologically, degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells, nonsuppurative meningoe-ncephalitis, nodular gliosis and perivascular cuffings were observed in CNS. Multifocal fibronecrotic foci were observed in lung, liver, lymph nodes and spleen. The major pathologic changes were detected in the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were mainly observed in epithelia and /or macrophages of tonsil, liver, lung, spleen and submandibular lymph nodes, and neurons of brain, respectively. Observation of viral particles at various stages of replication were possible from the endothelial cells of the alveolar capillaries and tonsillar crypt epithelia by transmission electron microscope.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of suspension unloading (SU) and electrical stimulation upon the development of neonatal muscular system. For this study, the neonatal rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, an experimental group I, and an experimental group II. The SU for experimental group I and II was applied from postnatal day (PD) 5 to PD 30. The electrical stimulation for soleus muscle of experimental group IIwas applied from PD 16 to PD 30 using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), which gave isometric contraction with 10 pps for 30 minutes twice a day. In order to observe the effect of SU and ES, this study observed myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoreactivity in the soleus muscles at PD 15 and PD 30. In addition, the motor behavior test was performed through footprint analysis at PD 30. The following is the result. At PD 15, the soleus muscles of experimental group Iand II had significantly lower MEF2C, VEGF immunoreactivity than the control group. It proved that microgravity conditions restricted the development of the skeletal muscle cells at PD 15. At PD 30, soleus muscles of the control group and experimental group II had significantly higher MEF2C, VEGF, immunoreactivity than experimental group I. It proved that the NMES facilitated the development of the skeletal muscle cells. At PD 30, it showed that SU caused the decrease in stride length of parameter of gait analysis and an increase in toe-out angle, and that the NMES decreased these variations. These results suggest that weight bearing during neonatal developmental period is essential for muscular development. They also reveal that NMES can encourage the development of muscular systems by fully supplementing the effect of weight bearing, which is an essential factor in the neonatal developmental process.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Sanyakbojungbangam-tang Ethanol Extracts (SB Et-OH) on the cisplatin-induced apoptosis of human endothelial cell line ECV304 cells. After cells were treated with cisplatin, MTT assay was performed for cell viability test. To explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity, we used the several measures of apoptosis to determine whether this processes was involved in cisplatin-induced cell damage in ECV304 cells. Also, cells were treated with SB Et-OH and then, followed by the addition of cisplatin. Cisplatin decreased the viability of ECV304 cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the caspase-3 enzyme activity ECV304 cells treated cisplatin were revealed as apoptosis characterized by nuclear staining. SB Et-OH protected ECV304 cells from cisplatin-induced nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Also, SB Et-OH inhibited the activation of caspase-3 pretense and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in cisplatin-treated ECV304 cells. According to above results, SB Et-OH may protect ECV304 cells from the apoptosis induced by cisplatin.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.853-863
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• 2021

Objective : Biodegradable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) with a highly biocompatible surface via tantalum (Ta) ion implantation can be an innovative solution for the problems associated with current biodegradable stents. The purpose of this study is to develop a Taimplanted PLLA stent for clinical use and to investigate its biological performance capabilities. Methods : A series of in vitro and in vivo tests were used to assess the biological performance of bare and Ta-implanted PLLA stents. The re-endothelialization ability and thrombogenicity were examined through in vitro endothelial cell and platelet adhesion tests. An in vivo swine model was used to evaluate the effects of Ta ion implantation on subacute restenosis and thrombosis. Angiographic and histologic evaluations were conducted at one, two and three months post-treatment. Results : The Ta-implanted PLLA stent was successfully fabricated, exhibiting a smooth surface morphology and modified layer integration. After Ta ion implantation, the surface properties were more favorable for rapid endothelialization and for less platelet attachment compared to the bare PLLA stent. In an in vivo animal test, follow-up angiography showed no evidence of in-stent stenosis in either group. In a microscopic histologic examination, luminal thrombus formation was significantly suppressed in the Ta-implanted PLLA stent group according to the 2-month follow-up assessment (21.2% vs. 63.9%, p=0.005). Cells positive for CD 68, a marker for the monocyte lineage, were less frequently identified around the Ta-implanted PLLA stent in the 1-month follow-up assessments. Conclusion : The use of a Ta-implanted PLLA stent appears to promote re-endothelialization and anti-thrombogenicity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.281-296
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• 2021

The beneficial effects of hypoxic preconditioning are abolished in the diabetes. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of repeated episodes of whole body hypoxic preconditioning (WBHP) in db/db mice. The protective effects of preconditioning were explored on diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction, cognitive impairment and ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced increase in myocardial injury. Sixteen-week old db/db (diabetic) and C57BL/6 (non-diabetic) mice were employed. There was a significant impairment in cognitive function (Morris Water Maze test), endothelial function (acetylcholine-induced relaxation in aortic rings) and a significant increase in IR-induced heart injury (Langendorff apparatus) in db/db mice. WBHP stimulus was given by exposing mice to four alternate cycles of low (8%) and normal air O₂ for 10 min each. A single episode of WBHP failed to produce protection; however, two and three episodes of WBHP significantly produced beneficial effects on the heart, brain and blood vessels. There was a significant increase in the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nitric oxide (NO) in response to 3 episodes of WBHP. Moreover, pretreatment with the BDNF receptor, TrkB antagonist (ANA-12) and NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) attenuated the protective effects imparted by three episodes of WBHP. These pharmacological agents abolished WBHP-induced restoration of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio and Nrf2 levels in IR-subjected hearts. It is concluded that repeated episodes of WHBP attenuate cognitive impairment, vascular dysfunction and enhancement in IR-induced myocardial injury in diabetic mice be due to increase in NO and BDNF levels that may eventually activate GSK-3β and Nrf2 signaling pathway to confer protection.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.317-328
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of ghrelin on memory impairment in a rat model of vascular dementia induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Methods: Randomized controlled groups and the posttest design were used. We established the representative animal model of vascular dementia caused by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and administered $80{\mu}g/kg$ ghrelin intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. First, behavioral studies were performed to evaluate spatial memory. Second, we used molecular biology techniques to determine whether ghrelin ameliorates the damage to the structure and function of the white matter and hippocampus, which are crucial to learning and memory. Results: Ghrelin improved the spatial memory impairment in the Y-maze and Morris water maze test. In the white matter, demyelination and atrophy of the corpus callosum were significantly decreased in the ghrelin-treated group. In the hippocampus, ghrelin increased the length of hippocampal microvessels and reduced the microvessels pathology. Further, we confirmed angiogenesis enhancement through the fact that ghrelin treatment increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-related protein levels, which are the most powerful mediators of angiogenesis in the hippocampus. Conclusion: We found that ghrelin affected the damaged myelin sheaths and microvessels by increasing angiogenesis, which then led to neuroprotection and improved memory function. We suggest that further studies continue to accumulate evidence of the effect of ghrelin. Further, we believe that the development of therapeutic interventions that increase ghrelin may contribute to memory improvement in patients with vascular dementia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2021

Background: Tracheal replacement is a challenge for thoracic surgeons due to stenosis in the trachea-prosthesis anastomosis. We propose that stenosis occurs due to fibrosis as a result of an abnormal healing process, characterized by an increased expression of wound healing growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], survivin, and CD31), which promote angiogenesis and decrease apoptosis. We analyzed the immunoreactivity of VEGF, survivin, CD31, and caspase-3 in the development of fibrotic stenosis in prosthetic tracheal replacement. Methods: Fourteen dogs were operated on: group I (n=7) received a 6-ring cervical tracheal segment autograft, while in group II (n=7), a 6-ring segment of the cervical trachea was resected and tracheal continuity was restored with a Dacron prosthesis. The follow-up was 3 months. Immunoreactivity studies for VEGF, survivin, CD31, and caspase-3 were performed. A statistical analysis was done using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Four animals in group I were euthanized on the 10th postoperative day due to autograft necrosis. Three animals completed the study without anastomotic stenosis. Moderate expression of VEGF (p=0.038), survivin (p=0.038), and CD31 (p=0.038) was found. All group II animals developed stenosis in the trachea-prosthesis anastomotic sites. Microscopy showed abundant collagen and neovascularization vessels. Statistically significant immunoreactive expression of VEGF (p=0.015), survivin (p=0.017), and CD31 (p=0.011) was observed. No expression of caspase-3 was found. Conclusion: We found a strong correlation between fibrosis in trachea-prosthesis anastomoses and excessive angiogenesis, moderate to intense VEGF, CD31, and survivin expression, and null apoptotic activity. These factors led to uncontrolled collagen production.

• Composites Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2022

목재 섬유 기반의 셀룰로오스 나노피브릴(cellulose nanofibrils, CNF)은 생체적합특성이 우수하여 조직 공학용 스캐폴드, 약물 운반체, 상처 치유용 겔 등의 생체 의료 분야에서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 하지만, 셀룰로오스 나노피브릴은 상대적으로 약한 기계적 강도를 나타내기 때문에 높은 기계적 특성을 요구하는 응용 분야에 사용되기 어렵다는 한계를 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 셀룰로오스 나노피브릴의 기계적 강도를 향상시키기 위해 TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-oxyl) 산화 처리된 셀룰로오스 나노피브릴에 금속 양이온을 도입하여 금속-카르복실레이트 배위 결합을 가지는 하이드로겔을 제조하였다. 또한, 큰 진폭 진동 전단(large amplitude oscillatory shear) 측정과 Live/Dead 세포 시험을 통해 하이드로겔의 비선형 점탄성 거동과 세포 생존 능력을 분석하였다. 특히, 첨가된 금속염의 종류에 따라 세포의 증식 및 생존 능력이 변화하였고, 이는 하이드로겔들의 유변 물성 특성에도 영향을 미쳤다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.18.1-18.10
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1), which is involved in vascular remodeling and bone formation, can stimulate odontogenic differentiation and angiogenesis when administered to human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Materials and Methods: The viability of hDPSCs upon exposure to CTHRC1 was assessed with the WST-1 assay. CTHRC1 doses of 5, 10, and 20 ㎍/mL were administered to hDPSCs. Reverse-transcription polymerase reaction was used to detect dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor 2. The formation of mineralization nodules was evaluated using Alizarin red. A scratch wound assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of CTHRC1 on cell migration. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post hoc test. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: CTHRC1 doses of 5, 10, and 20 ㎍/mL had no significant effect on the viability of hDPSCs. Mineralized nodules were formed and odontogenic markers were upregulated, indicating that CTHRC1 promoted odontogenic differentiation. Scratch wound assays demonstrated that CTHRC1 significantly enhanced the migration of hDPSCs. Conclusions: CTHRC1 promoted odontogenic differentiation and mineralization in hDPSCs.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2010

목 적 : 복막투석환자에서 복막의 용질이동성에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 유전적 요인과 임상적 요인이 있다. 복막평형검사는 복막투석환자의 복막 용질이동속도를 평가하는 데에 유용한 검사로, 본 연구에서는 소아 복막투석 환자에서 복막평형검사 결과를 이용하여 혈관내피성장인자(VEGF)의 유전자 다형성과 복막 용질이동성의 상관관계를 연구하였다. 방 법 : 서울대학교 어린이병원과 삼성서울병원의 소아 복막투석환자 중에서 복막염의 병력이 없고 복막투석 시작한 지 1년 이내에 복막평형검사가 시행된 환자를 대상으로 하였다. VEGF 유전자 -2578 C/A, -14978T/C, -1154G/A, -634G/C, +936 C/T의 단일 유전자다형성분석을 시행하였고 VEGF 유전자 다형성의 분포와 복막평형검사 결과간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 복막평형검사를 분석한 결과, 4시간 크레아티닌의 투석액/혈장비(D/P creatinine)는 $0.56{\pm}0.13$였고 4시간 투석액/0시간투석액포도당비(D/$D_0$ glucose)는 $0.43{\pm}0.11$였다. 배수체 CTGGC의 이형접합체 또는 동형접합체인 경우가 배수체 CTGGC를 가지지 않은 경우에 비해 높은 4시간 D/P creatinine ($0.67{\pm}0.12$ vs $0.50{\pm}0.09$, P=0.007)과 은 4시간 D/$D_0$ glucose ($0.35{\pm}0.12$ vs $0.47{\pm}0.08$, P=0.037)를 보였다. 결 론 : VEGF 유전자 다형성은 복막 용질이동성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다.