• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.146-156
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• 2023

Background: Endemic species are important components in the flora of most world regions. Most of these species have become threatened and exposed to extinction within the last few years. The present study aims to evaluate the ecosystem services offered by the endemic plant taxa in Egypt and the threats that affect them. Twenty-five field visits were conducted during summer 2018 to spring 2022 to several locations all over Egypt. In each location, the main habitats, national distribution, abundance, goods and threats were recorded. Results: Egypt has 41 endemic taxa belonging to 36 genera and 20 families inhabiting 10 main habitats. Rocky surfaces and sandy formations have the highest number of endemic species. The relation between the number of endemic taxa and the abundance categories indicated that 2 taxa are rare (4.9% of the total taxa), while the remaining were very rare (95%). The most represented offered good was the medicinal uses (32 taxa = 78%), while fuel plants were only represented by 2 taxa (2 taxa = 4.9%). Besides, 14 taxa (34.1% of the total studied taxa) have at least 1 environmental service. Soil fertility (7 taxa = 50%) was the most represented, followed by sand accumulations (6 taxa out of 14 taxa = 43%), while shading plant was the least (1 taxon = 7.1%) (Rosa arabica). The most represented threat is over-cutting and over-collecting (38 taxa = 92.7%), while mining and quarrying is the least represented (4 taxa = 9.8%). Conclusions: The potential and actual goods, services and threats of the endemic taxa were assessed as follows; field observation, information collected from local inhabitants and herbalists, and a literature review. The present study recommended planning a strategy about the importance, threats and conservation of endemic taxa in Egypt that would help in the protection and rescue of these plants and increase awareness about the importance of these plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.363-386
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• 2007

Endemic element of the Russian Far East (RFE) flora includes 497 species of 150 genera and 46 families. The level of endemism in structure of regional natural flora reaches 11.1% as a whole, and in structure of its native fraction - 13.1%. As a result of chorologic and ecocenotic analysis of RFE flora endemic element it is revealed that it consists of 8 main geographical groups and 7 main floristic complexes. The largest number of endemic species is concentrated in Arctic - Alpine & Montane (140, 28.2%), Forest (107, 21.5%) and Maritime (88, 17.7%) floristic complexes as well as in Russian Far East - West-Pacific (136, 27.4%), Japan Sea (88, 17.7%) and North-East-Asian - Beringian (69, 13.9%) geographical groups. It's possible to distinguish three main areas with similar eco-geographical differentiation of endemics on RFE as follows: (1) North-East Asia sector of RFE which North-East-Asian - Beringian and Maritime Okhotia - Beringian geographical groups approximately correspond to, (2) Continental part of East Asia sector of RFE (West - Okhotian, Amur - Okhotian, Amur - Ussirian, Okhotsk Sea and Japan Sea groups) and (3) Oceanic part of East Asia sector (Russian Far East - West Pacific group). Taxonomical variety of RFE endemics on these territories makes up accordingly (1) - 99 species (19.9%), (2) - 259 (52.8%) and (3) - 136 (27.4%).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2020

To establish in vitro axillary bud culture conditions of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai, one of Korean endemic endangered species famous for beautiful flowers, we tested the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in shooting and rooting stage from in vitro plants. In shoot multiplication, addition of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) to the media induced 2.5 to 3 shoots per bud during 4 weeks of culture. And media including 0.5 mg L^-1 thidiazuron (TDZ) produced 3 to 4 shoots per bud. However, zeatin and isopentenyl adenine (2-ip) were not successful to increase shoot number, and the combination treatments of BA with other PGRs were also not effective. Shoots were smaller than 2 cm in length, in most of the treatments. In rooting, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatments in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 mg L^-1 appeared to increase rooting rate by 10% to 60% approximately when compared with the control but roots developed with callus clusters. Indole butyric acid (IBA) addition had little effect on rooting (below 10%), while some roots were longer than in NAA treatments and some shoots were longer on high IBA concentrations (4.0 to 8.0 mg L^-1). It is suggested that micropropagation is a highly applicable and promising to multiplication and conservation of rare and endangered endemic species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.27-39
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• 2019

The object of this research is to compare zoology and botany name caused by language and science differences of South and North Korea since division. Biological data are collected North Korea biological information (flora and fauna, an illustrated flora and fauna book of North Korea, Etc.) and compared both side data based on national species list of korea, National Institute of Biological Resources. We could built 3,903 species of flora and 1,487 species flora on biological database. The criteria for comparative method is 5 types (korean name difference, scientific name difference, same species, similar species, North Korea endemic species). As a results, plants were identified korean name difference (911 species), scientific name difference (614 species), same species (880 species), North Korea endemic species (1,037 species) of 3,903 species, and animals were korean name difference (685 species), scientific name difference (104 species), same species (199 species), North Korea endemic species (226 species) of the 1,492 species. This results are expected to be in application with cooperation study for recovering bioinformatics differences of South and North Korea.

• ALGAE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2018

Alaria is the second largest genus of the Laminariales, which is distributed far into the northern Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Due to its high morphological plasticity, over 100 specific and sub-specific names have been used in Alaria, this has been tailored down to the present 17 species through morphological revision and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Endemic species of Alaria from Russian Far East have not been thoroughly revised since their original description, and few of them were confirmed using molecular data until recently. We carried out morphological and molecular studies on A. paradisea which is an endemic species distributed on the Kurile Islands, first described by Miyabe and Nagai in 1932 as Pleuropterum paradiseum. The range of morphological variability and its distribution was re-evaluated using the type specimen as well as other specimens. Analyses of partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer sequences showed that A. paradisea nested within the genus Alaria, but differs morphologically from any other Alaria species in having additional sporophylls with a central midrib (${\beta}-sporophylls$). Our results showed that A. paradisea clearly belongs to the genus Alaria based on DNA data, although the key morphological character that was used to include this species to the genus Pleuropterum, ${\beta}-sporophylls$, is stable and distinguishes it from other Alaria species.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 1998

Characteristics of species distribution in the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain of Kangwon Province were discussed. Resulting from Detrending Correspondence Analysis based on the floristic composition of 48 mountains, the mountains of the Baekdoo chain tended to aggregate on DCA axis. it represented that there was the peculiar floristic composition of the Baekdoo chain separated from the other mountains. High altitude, longitude near the East Sea and large number of vascular species were main factors for the distribution pattern. And exponential relationships between endemic rare species and number of species were clarified. Even though the regions of the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain had been conserved relatively well, many regions have been faced to be disturbed for tourism, agriculture, forestry, livestock industry and mining since the local autonomy. Thusm, the necessity for the establishment of large area network through the connection of scattered protected areas in the Baekdoo Great Mountain Chain was suggested. it would play a role as a core of nature conservation to sustain species diversity in Korea.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2021

The main purpose of the current study was to obtain nuclear DNA content data among the representatives of the families and subfamilies of 31 endemic fishes that inhabit river of Korea. DNA contents of 31 endemic species were observed to rang from 1.5 to 4.8 pg DNA/nucleus. In Cyprinidae, DNA content of Abbottina springeri (1.5±0.03 pg DNA/nucleus) was the lowest value and DNA content of Carassius cuvieri (4.5±0.32 pg DNA/nucleus) was the highest value in all experimental groups. In Cobitidae, DNA content of Iksookimia longicorpa (3.9±0.17 pg DNA/nucleus) was the highest value and DNA content of Orthrias toni (1.5±0.18 pg DNA/nucleus) was the lowest value in all experimental groups. This study provides new information for a better understanding of the process of genomic evolution in 31 endemic species in river of Korea.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.61
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• pp.17-46
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• 2000

Mt. Jabyeong(872.5m), limestone region in the Taebaek mountains, located in 37° 32'N, 129° 25'E and in Sangye-ri, Okgye-myeon, Gangreung-si and Samok-ri, Imgye-myeon, Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do. The purposes of this study were to investigate the floristic composition from 1997 to 1998 in Mt. Jabyeong and report the distribution of Korean endemic plants, rare and vulnerable plants, calcicoles and calci fuges, The vascular plants in this area were composed of 93 families, 313 genera, 3 subspecies, 57 varieties, 13 forms, 495 species, totaling 568 taxa. Among the vascular plants, 21 taxa were Korean endemic plants and 7 taxa were rare and vulnerable plants. Calcicole and calcifuge plants in this study area were composed of 21 families, 30 genera, 36 species and 14 families, 15 genera, 17 species. The soil pH values of study site in Mt. chabyoung were ranging 7.4∼8, which showed that this site was a mostly limestone area with alkaline soil. And soil depth was formed to a relative thin layer, mostly 2～4cm thickness. This site showed high content of moisture and organic matter which were ranging 40-45% and 15-25%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.262-268
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• 2022

The complete chloroplast genome (cp genome) sequence of Clematis calcicola J. S. Kim (Ranunculaceae) is 159,655 bp in length. It consists of large (79,451 bp) and small (18,126 bp) single-copy regions and a pair of identical inverted repeats (31,039 bp). The genome contains 92 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and two pseudogenes. A phylogenetic analysis based on the cp genome of 19 taxa showed high similarity between our cp genome and data published for C. calcicola, which is recognized as a species endemic to the Korean Peninsula. The complete cp genome sequence of C. calcicola reported here provides important information for future phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Ranunculaceae.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.166-169
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• 2023

Carex brevispicula (Cyperaceae) is endemic to Korea and is characterized by constricted achenes, short lateral spikes, and awned staminate and pistillate scales. The species classified in sect. Mitratae occurs throughout South Korea, perennating on mountains and/or rocky slopes under half shadow conditions. Meiotic chromosomes of the species were examined in this study, in which 33 meiotic cells from seven populations were found to be less than 2 ㎛ long with non-constricted chromosomes (n = 34_II). The stable chromosome number may be related to the narrow geographical distribution and/or distinct achene morphology. Further investigations of the distribution, morphological character variation, and chromosome characteristics should be conducted with closely related taxa to understand the derivation of the species and its endemism in Korea.