• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제7권
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• pp.61-64
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• 1969

배나무 적성병균의 병자각세대에 분필하는 병자적 성분중 free sugar를 중심으로 기생엽중의 free sugar와의 상관관계를 생화학적으로 연구 고찰하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 병자각세대에 분필하는 병자적 성분중 free sugar를 paper chrmarography로 분석한 결과 fructose만이 확인되었다. 2. 기주 향나무 엽중의 free sugar는 galactose와 glucose 및 미지물질 2종임을 확인하였다. 3. 기주 배나무엽중의 free sugar로는 glucose, fructose 및 galactose를 확인하였다. 4. 배나무엽중의 arbutin-을 결정화하고 그 구조를 일반적인 방법과 paper chromatography로 분석하여 glucose와 hydroquinone의 결합체임을 확인하였다. 5. 0.05M arbutin 용액에 Emulsin을 조제하여 배양한 결과 분해 생성물로서 glucose를 확인하였고 이들 Emulsin은 모두 $\beta-glycosidase$를 함유하고 있음이 확정되었다. 이상 결과에서 보는 바와같이 병자적중의 fructose는 배나무 엽중에 있는 free sugar 및 glycoside인 arbutin이 Emulsin에 의하여 분해되어 glucose로 변화된 다음 균체내의 isomerase에 의하여 isomerization된 것이라 추측된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1096-1101
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• 2006

Armeniacae Semen not only contains amygdalin, but emulsin also, which is an enzyme that hydrolyzes amygdalin. The extraction yield of amygdalin from Armeniacae Semen was low, due to the presence of emulsin, when extracted with water. When Schizandrae Fructus solution was used as the extractant; however, amygdalin was almost completely extracted, regardless of the cutting size, due to the absence of the influence of emulsin. In addition, when the crude powder or small piece forms were used with Schizandrae Fructus solution, on epimerization of the D-amygdalin into neoamygdalin occurred. D-amygdalin and its conversion product, neoamygdalin, were quantitatively analyzed by reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with an optimized eluent of 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.3), containing 11.5% acetonitrile. The concentration and detector response were linearly correlated over the range 0.05 to 2 mM. The detection limits for both D-amygdalin and neoamygdalin were approximately $5\;{\mu}M$ for the amount injected.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.453-456
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• 2002

Tonin(Persicae Semen) is the herb medicine that contains amygdalin as a major ingredient. Amygdalin in water is decomposed into benzaldehyde, HCN, and glucose by emulsin, a hydrolysis enzyme in tonin. A useful and practical method for the optimum extraction condition of amygdalin without enzymatic hydrolysis is required. The extraction yield of amygdalin of natural formula to nin was 0.1 % from crude powders, 1.4% from small pieces, 3.5% from half pieces and 2.4% from whole pieces. The extraction yield of amygdalin of outer shell-eliminated to nin was 0.3% from crude powders, 1.4% from small pieces, and 3.5% from half pieces and whole pieces respectively. The extraction yield of amygdalin was most high when using the size larger than half.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.221.1-221.1
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• 2003

Armeniacae Semen is a seed of Prunus armeniaca Linne var. ansu Maximowicz, which belongs to Rosaceae family. It contains amygdalin and fatty oil and is widely used to treat asthma, dysponea and edema. It was reported that D-amygdalin in Armeniacae Semen undergoes hydrolytic reaction by emulsin when using water, and esecially it is almost decomposed when extracting from powder type. we set up a condition where we can achieve the maximun extraction yield through the study of the methods to rstrain emulsin from causing hydrolysis of D-amygdalin in Armeniacae Semen in the aqueous solution and to prevent D-amygdalin from being converted into neoamygdalin. (omitted)

• 약학회지
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• 제11권1_2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1967

A yellowish microneedles, $C_{28}$ H$_{32}$ $O_{14}$ ${\cdot}$ I$_{1}$/$_2$, H$_{2}$O, m.p.262-$4^{\circ}$ , [${\alpha}$$_{D}^{20}$= -71,$43^{\circ}$(C = 0.42, pyridine), its acetate m.p.123-5.deg., were obtained in 0.3% yield from the leaves of Chrysanthemum sibiricum F$_{ISCHER}$. This substance is insoluble in water and the usual organic solvents except pyridine and ethylene glycol and, is not decomposed by dilute mineral acids but undergoes decomposition on being boiled in 60% H$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ or 35% HCl, giving one moel each of acacetin, glucose and rhamnose. It was not hydrolysed with a rhamnodiastase preparation obtained from the seeds of Rhamnus koraiensis. After permethylation of it, the uncrystallized product was hydrolysed and apigenin-5,4'-dimethyl ehter, m.p.$262^{\circ}$ was obtained, indicating that the disaccharide residue is at the 7 position of acacetin. Partial hydrolysis of this acacetin-7-rhamnoglucoside in cyclohexanol with formic acid gave acacetin-7-glucoside, m.p.246.deg. and rutinose, identifying them with authentic specimen on a paper chromatography. It was thus identified as linarin(acacetin-7-rutinoside) by means of mixed fusion, of paper partition chromatography and of its derivatives. Zemplen and Bognar suggested that the glucosidic linkage of linarin is .betha. by means of synthesis of this substance. But there is no evidence whether it is hydrolysed by emulsin or maltase or not. Linarin itself was not hydrolysed by an emulsin existing in the seed of Apricot or a maltase, but acacetin-7-glucoside(tilianin) which obtained from linarin gave acacetin and glucose on hydrolysis with the same emulsin and accordingly the glucosidic linkages of linarin and tilianin are thus regarded as ${\beta}$.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2010

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.388.3-389
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• 2002

Kyonin(Armeniacae Semen)is the herb medicine that contains amygdalin as a major ingredient. Amygdalin in water is decomposed into benzaldehyde. HCN. and glucose by emulsin. a hydrolysis enzyme in kyonin. A useful and practical method for the optimum extraction condition of amygdalin without enzymatic hydrolysis is required. The extraction yield of amygdalin of natural formula kyonin was 0.5% from crude powers. 0.7% from small pieces. 1.2% from half pieces and 2.7% from whole pieces. (omitted)

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 1989

Amygdaline의 분해를 막는 행인유 채유법을 model화하기 위하여 분쇄, 볶음, 증자 등 몇가지 전처리공정을 검토하였다. 행인은 분쇄할 경우 amygdaline의 분해와 더불어 HCN이 생성되었는데 $40^{\cire}C$에서 생성률이 가장 높았으나 $5{\sim}10^{\circ}C$저온과 $60{\sim}70^{\circ}C$의 고온에서도 그 생성량은 높았다. 파쇄하여 $5^{\circ}C$와 $40^{\circ}C$ 에서 96시간 두면 CN생성량은 각각 $200{\mu}g/g$과 $780{\mu}g/g$이었다. 그러므로 채유전처리공정으로 분쇄할 경우는 반드시 emulsin의 불활성화 공정이 필요하며 이를 위하여는 IS분간 증자하는 것이 가장 좋았다. 볶음과정 중에도 상당량의 HCN이 생성되므로 압착법에 의한 채유도 증자가 볶음보다 바람직하고 이 경우 분쇄한 것과 하지 않은 것의 수율은 대등하였다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.389.2-389.2
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• 2002

Tonin(Persicae Semen)is the herb medicine that cntains amygdalin as a major ingredient. Amygdalin in water is decomposed into benzaldehyde. HCN. and glucoseby emulsin. a hydrolysis enzyme intonin. A useful and practical method for the optimum extraction condition of amygdalin without enzymatic hydrolysis is required. The extraction yield of amygdalin of natural formula tonin was 0.1 % from crude powers. 1.4% from small pieces. 3.5% from half pieces and 2.4% from whole pieces. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.223.1-223.1
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• 2003

D-Amygdalin and its conversion product, neoamygdalin, were clearly separated on reverse-phase column chromatography by an optimized eluent of 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.5) containing 8.5% acetonitrile. Linearity for analyzing D-amygdalin and neoamygdalin was observed in the range from 0.05 to 0.5 mM. The detection limits for D-amygdalin and neoamygdalin were ca. 5 uM per injected amount. When extracting amygdalin from a whole piece of Armeniacae Semen in the boiling aqueous solution, there was almost no influence of emulsin; it resulted in higher extraction yield. (omitted)