• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-90
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• 2012

Although it has been studied for a long time in various disciplines, most of control theories remain being developed by analyzing relatively simple tasks. Even recent research on control of information systems development explains only a small part of control phenomena observed in the real world projects. This research focuses on identifying and analyzing the concepts and structures in order to make them useful for understanding and explaining control of information systems development comprehensively This investigation utilizes the complementary relationship between views on control from organizational and economic perspectives. A conceptual framework developed by integrating previous research on control allows us to analyze the development of information systems for control purposes. The results of discussion about control mechanisms and network can be used as guidelines for designing control systems in real projects. Analysis of control networks shows that control of development projects requires quite complex networks intertwining a variety of controllers and controlees. The results of this research are expected to contribute to correcting the unbalanced status of IS research which has emphasized too heavily on planning and implementation, and deepening and widening our understanding about controlling development projects. Practitioners can use the results as guidelines for designing control mechanisms and networks, and get alerted by them about the agency risks inherent in outsourced developments.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the relationships of the several socioeconomic position indicators with the mortality risk in a representative longitudinal study of South Korea. Methods : The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted on a cross-sectional probability sample of South Korean households, and it contained unique 13-digit personal identification numbers that were linked to the data on mortality from the National Statistical Office of Korea. Of 5,607 males and females, 264 died between 1999 and 2003. Cox's regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of mortality. Results: Socioeconomic differences in mortality were observed after adjustments were made for gender and age. Compared with those people having college or higher education, those people without any formal education had a greater mortality risk (RR=2.21, 95% CI=1.12-4.40). The mortality risk among manual workers was significantly greater than that for the non-manual workers (RR=2.73, 95% CI=1.47-5.06). A non-standard employment status was also associated with an increase in mortality: temporary or daily workers had a greater mortality risk than did the full-time workers (RR=3.01, 95% CI=1.50-6.03). The mortality risk for the low occupational class was 3.06 times greater than that of the high and middle occupational classes (95% CI=1.75-5.36). In addition, graded mortality differences according to equivalized monthly household income were found. A reduction of monthly household income by 500 thousand Korean Won (about 400 US dollars) was related with a 20% excess risk of mortality. Self-reported poor living standards were also associated with an increased risk of mortality. Those without health insurance had a 3.63 times greater risk of mortality than the insured (95% CI=1.61-8.19). Conclusions: This study showed the socioeconomic differentials in mortality in a national longitudinal study of South Korea. The existence of socioeconomic mortality inequalities requires increased social discussion on social policies in Korean society. Furthermore, the mechanisms for the socioeconomic inequalities of mortality need to be explored in future studies.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics of public health nutritionists, the current status of nutrition services operation, the recognition about nutrition services of public health center related man power, the job satisfaction and self-assessment and the need for a retraining course of public health nutritionists. The subjects were 58 public health nutritionists who responded to the questionnaire distributed at the annual retraining program in 1998. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) 46.5% of the nutritionists were 26-30 years old, 62.1% were 4 year university graduates 74.1% were food and nutrition majors and 51.7% were daily workers. 2) Among the public health center-related manpower, the recognition about nutrition services was the highest for the manager of family health section, followed by the head of public health centers, and then the general nurse in public health centers. 3) The ranking of the reasons for job satisfaction of the public health nutritionists was, relationship with colleagues(3.84), inhabitants response after nutrition counselling(3.53), specialized value realization/conviction about duty(3.35), contents of the work(3.10), value achievement(3.08), self achievement/development(3.00), self discretion(2.92), participation in policy decisions(2.90), work load(2.75), chance of retraining and acquisition of new information(2.73), working environment(2.69), supervisio $n^port by superiors(2.67), salary(2.38), supply of necessary education material, technique(2.37), and budget security(2.22). 4) The satisfaction of the inhabitant's responses after nutrition counseling was the highest among the 4 year university graduates(p<0.05), the satisfaction of the specialized value realization/conviction about duty was the highest among the nutritionists 26-30 years old(p<0.05). Food and nutrition majors(p<0.05) and those having worked less than 3-5years at public health centers also showed much satisfaction(p<0.05). Satisfaction with the salary was the lowest among the food and nutrition majors(p<0.01) and daily workers(p<0.001). The satisfaction with the participation in policy decisions was the lowest among the daily workers(p<0.01). 5) The ranking for the level of self-assessment were, nutrition and dietetic practice(2.92), communication(2.80), management(2.77), public health science and practice(2.66)(p<0.01). The general characteristics such as the level of education, major, employment condition, current public health center's tenure, and charge experience of the nutrition guidance work were not significantly related to self-assessment except the management part(p<0.05). The higher the satisfaction of specialized value realization/conviction about the duty, the better the total score on the self-assessment(p<0.05)..

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 1986

In order to provide the better and more effective dental health service, the study for manpower of dental laboratory technician with some relevant factors such as institutions for education and training, employment status and distribution of technicians, etc. was carried out through survey for 3,885 licensed technicians during 1965 - 1985. Results were obtained through the study as follows: 1. There are 14 junior health colleges in Korea and 3,106(79.9%) licensed dental technicians out of 3,885 graduated from health colleges and rest of them obtained their licenses through practical training in dental clinics. 2. 8,030 applicants have applied to the national examination which was carried out for 22 times during 1965 - 1985. The passing rate in the examination for 22 times showed 48.3% in average. 3. The dental technicians are working mostly in 404 dental laboratories and 2,522 dental clinics and hospitals through out the country. However, most technicians are dominantly working in large citis, because 255 (63.1%) dental laboratories and 1,537 (60.9%) dental clinics and hospitals are mainly located in Seoul and Busan. 4. Regarding distribution of the dental technician, 1,126(52.1%) technicians have been employed in the dental institutions, however, 530 (24.5%) could not have a job and the rest of them (504 technicians: 23.3%) were in leave absence from military service, travelling abroad and unknown reasons. 5. Through reference review, it was found that there were 95,886 dental technician (9/ 100,000 population) in the world during 1973$\sim$1977. However, 91,553 dental technicians lived in the developed countries (14/100,000 population)) also ratio between the dentist and the dental technician in the world showde 1:0.38. In such coentries where per capita income showed $100 in average, the distribution of the dental technician showed 0.272 per 100,000 population. 6. In an estimation of demand and supply for the dental technicians by the year from 1985 through 1996 in Korea, the supply is estimated by the capacity of educational institutions as over-production even through such estimation based on the future incresing of GNP and ratio between the dentist and the dental technicianas and also ratio between the dental technician and general population. At present such ratio shows less compared with the developed contries, however, it is estimated as over-supply in 1994.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.97-119
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to understand the influence of discrimination experience on life satisfaction of the employed hearing-impaired, and also to verify the mediating effects of self-esteem on relations between discrimination experience and life satisfaction. To achieve this objective, the data of the 8th Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled was used, and then the extracted data of 234 employed hearing-impaired persons was used for analysis. The results of this study are like below. First, discrimination experience showed negative(-) relations with self-esteem and life satisfaction while self-esteem showed positive(+) relations with life satisfaction. Second, when the perception of discrimination experience was low, the life satisfaction was high. Third, the mediating effects of self-esteem were verified on relations between discrimination experience and life satisfaction. Marital status, health, social-economical position has effected on life satisfaction. Based on such results of the study, suggestions were made to increase life satisfaction of the hearing-impaired.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.65-84
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• 2017

This study identified predictors of intention to work among people with disabilities who maintain economic inactivity for two successive years by analyzing a total of 2,255 Participants in the 2014 data of the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (PSED) with through $X^2$, t test, logistic regression. To explore factors affecting intention to work among people with disabilities who maintain economic inactivity, this study hypothesized the effectiveness of variables of demographic, disability, human resources, psycho-social factors based on previous studies. The analysis showed that male, spouse-being, low income status out of demographic variables were related to high probability of having intention to work among people with disabilities who maintain economic inactivity. In case of disability variables, experiencing disability-related discrimination significantly predicted the probability of having intention to work. However, the relationship between disability-related discrimination experiences and high intention to work needs to be viewed as correlated rather than cause-and-effect.In addition, literacy related to computer use/English proficiency/interpersonal and adaptation skills(human resources), experiences of vocational rehabilitation services (human resources), self-esteem (psycho-social) significantly predicted the probability of having intention to work among people with disabilities who maintained economic inactivity. Based on these results, support services for females with disabilities, effective rehabilitation programs of improving literacy related to computer use/English proficiency/interpersonal and adaptation skills and self-esteem, general expansion of vocational rehabilitation services for people with disabilities are suggested.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.361-388
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to conduct an empirical study on the scope and level of social exclusion experienced by persons with psychosocial disabilities. The Wave 6 data of the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled were used to investigate the current status of social exclusion in life areas including income, education, work, housing, health, social network, social participation, and discrimination (N=4,161). A series of logistic regressions were executed, with the psychosocial disability(PD) group being the reference; the reverse odds rations of different disability groups were compared against the PD reference group (OR=1). The results showed that compared with all others, the PD group was about 2 to 11 times more likely to have risks in income, work, and housing; and that compared to other groups except for the autism/developmental disability group, they were about 6 to 10 times more likely to have risks in social network, social participation and discrimination. In conclusion, the authors urged the need for legal mandates to have community based mental health services and welfare services for the disabled more available to the PD groups and the necessity to eliminate various discriminatory legislations that are violating human and social rights of the persons with PDs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.57-77
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• 2021

The identity of public libraries in Japan is a social education institution under the 「Social Education Act」 and the 「Library Act」. For these identities, the local government's board of education has operated and managed public libraries, and some have managed by the Management Outsourcing System to public organizations. Then, in 2003, the 「Local Autonomy Act」 was revised to introduce the Designated Manager System in form of administrative disposition, and expanded the scope of application to private institutions and organizations. As of the end of 2018, 18.0% of public libraries introduced the DMS, but the pros and cons surrounding it are sharply opposed. This study outlined the overall status of the DMS and the introduction of public libraries, and critically reviewed major issues. As a result, As a result, there was much controversy over the expected cost reduction, service improvement, employee professionalism, business continuity, and cooperation network establishment when DMS was introduced. The reasons were due to downsizing-based personnel management, contract-oriented employment, short periods of designation, lack of multiple competitive markets, and declining service capabilities of irregular workers. The public library is a knowledge and cultural infrastructure that enhances human values and social dignity based on faithful collection and active service, and is a local public goods that emphasizes non-exclusion and non-competitiveness. Given the increasing number of cases in which public libraries are recently contracting out to cultural foundations in Korea, DMS is not a fire across the river. We need to be wary of the possibility that Japan's unbearable institutional lightness will be applied to public libraries in Korea.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.425-437
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• 2020

In Korea, the proportion of self-employed and unpaid family workers is relatively higher than other OECD countries and the operation periods of their businesses are generally shorter than others. This indicates frequent startups and closures and thus unstable employment status and income, which inevitably generates huge social costs. Restaurants are a representative business that self-employed workers easily enter and their 5-year survival rate is found to be lower than 20%. This is shorter survival period than other business sectors. This study aims to examine the associations of transport accessibility with restaurants' survival in Gwangju metropolitan area. Convenient location has been known to be a crucial factor for sales improvements and longer operation and such location is closely linked with good transport accessibility. Results from survival analysis on empirical data show that better access to road networks is significantly associated with longer survival of restaurants though subway accessibility is not. This can be explained by low modal share of subway in the study area and at the same time, requires further case studies where more developed and matured subway systems are in operation.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.17-47
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• 2016

This paper aims to analysis working-time of Korea focusing on "the difference and the distribution" by a stratum. Classifying working-time into four categories including marginal part-time, part-time work, standard-time work and long-time working, it compares the relative distribution by income quintile. The outcome is as following : 20% of low-ranking income quintile are (marginal) part-time working, 60% from income quintile 2 to 4 are in long-time working and 20% of top-ranking income quintile are in the standard-time working in overall. Working-time classes can be divided up into three: short time-low income of type 1, long time-medium income of type 2 and standard time-high income of type 3. Analysing working time type, the low wage-short time, medium wage-long time and high wage-standard time by the wage per month and low wage-very long time, medium wage-long time and high wage-standard time by the wage per hours are confirmed. Also, stratification of working-time has been intensified in terms of age, jobs and work status. Policy implication from this study is that the increase of minimum wage to the lowest income class and creation of employment by the reduction of working-time to the medium income class could be effective policies.