• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.541-562
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• 2016

The current study investigates the relationship and the mechanisms between bridge employment and change in marital satisfaction during midlife, using a three-wave panel dataset obtained from the Korean Baby Boomer Panel Study. A multivariate latent growth analysis reveals that the transition from career employment to bridge employment, compared to maintaining career employment, has an indirect negative effect on increase rate of marital satisfaction through the wage decrease. A steep decrease in wage following transition to bridge employment causes a lower increase in marital satisfaction. On the other hand, continuously engaging in bridge employment rather than career employment is associated with a higher increase in marital satisfaction via a higher increase in job commitment. This result implies that Baby Boomers adapt to bridge employment over time. Overall, the present study finds that the effect of bridge employment on the change in marital satisfaction during midlife varies with the duration of bridge employment. A future research needs to explore which factors can buffer the negative effect of decrease in wage during transition to the bridge employment on the change in marital satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.78-82
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to review the labor force partitpation rate and work environment characteristics of female workers to provide basic information for establishment and implementation of effective policies related to accident prevention and workers health protection for female workers. It was analyzed employment status, work environment and injuries and illnesses based on economic activity census results, compensation of industrial injury and the second working condition survey. According to economic activity census results, female labor force participation rate has been steadily increased, whereas male labor force participation rate has been decreased since 1970. Industrial accident rate has been declined in male workers but that in female workers has been steadily increased even though male workers were higher accident rate than female workers. It was evaluated that female workers are vulnerable to industrial injuries and illnesses in the aspect of their working environment and employment status. Also, Substantial differences between female and male workers in occupational exposure patterns, occupational disease and occupational environments were observed. Therefore it was recommended that special care programs for female workers such as a specialized monitoring and management program should be introduced in the near future.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.229-239
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• 2020

This article aims to measure the impact of economic growth and urbanization on poverty reduction in Vietnam, and verify whether economic growth and urbanization will help reduce poverty rates. Data for this study are tabular data related to growth, urbanization and poverty at the provincial level for the period of nine years, from 2006 to 2014 provided by the Vietnam General Statistics Office and the Vietnam General Department of Customs. The level of economic growth and urbanization mentioned in the study is reflected in such indicators as GDP value, exports value, imports value, urbanization rate and employment rate. The authors used logistic regression models with fixed-effects and logistic regression models with random effects. With 5% confidence level tested by the Chi-Square test of Hausman trial with the fixed-effect model, research results show that: (1) factors with significant negative impact on the poverty rate include imports value, urbanization rate and, employment rate; (2) factors that do not affect the poverty rate include exports value and GDP value. Based on the research results, this study proposes a number of policy recommendations to help promote economic growth, to sustain the urbanization process, and to contribute directly and positively to poverty reduction in Vietnam.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 1994

This paper primarily aims to analyze the growth rate differentials of the economic activities in chung-Nam area. The research has been undertaken to find out the potentials of the economic activities and economic bases in the area. To analyze the economic potentials of the industries, the study employed the economic Growth Rate Differential Analysis by Henderson which is revised form of Shift-Share Analysis Methods. The research employed the employment data according to the standardized two-digit-classification-system during the period of 10 years from 1981 through 1991. The Growth Rate Differential Analysis calculates Total Growth Differentials which are dicomposed into two parts: Weight Part and Rate Part. Total Growth Differential can be calculated as the difference between national growth rate and regional growth rate by industry. The foundings are as follows: First, the economic bases of Chung-Nam area were found to be very weak, largely depending on primary industries such as agriculture and fisheries. Second, there was a great decline in urban industries in Tae Joeon, Cheon An and other cities over period of 1971-1981. It is strongly recommended that the planned items and products of each industrial complex must be reorgnized in a fashion to match those with high competitive power found in this research.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.185-209
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• 2014

While the local health insurance and the employment-based insurance were integrated in July 2000, the insured is divided into employment-based insured and the local insured and the relevant premium has been applied to both groups. The health insurance premium having the feature of social solidarity has to be determined depending on income, that is, the ability to pay in accordance with the principles of social insurance. While employment-based insurance premium has been determined depending on the earned income, the local insurance premium for the local insured has been determined by scoring gross income(evaluated income), property and possession of automobiles. A variety of improvement approaches has been implemented including introduction of the employment-based insurance premium ceiling system (2002) and the change of property scoring system for the local insured (2006). However, the health insurance system which was merged in 2000 has been implemented up to now without significant change even though there were lots of socio-demographic change including increase of income level and the population structure such as low birth and aging. In other words, it is required to implement the premium rating system securing the income-based equity. Nevertheless, it was inevitable to apply the diverse rating standards in the early stage because it was very difficult to verify the income of the self-employed. Although the income verification rate was significantly increased from 23% in 1989 to 44% in 2010, the irrational standards including property, automobiles, living standard and activity rate have been still applied to the local insured because it is difficult to secure the validity of insurance premium rating system and it severely lacks of security. This paper investigated whether the current insurance premium rating system for the local insured imposing the premium on the basis of 'gender' and 'age' complies with the basic human rights secured by the current Constitution of the Republic of Korea with respect to the practical and theoretic irrationality of insurance premium rating system and standards for he local insured. In accordance with the analysis results, this paper proposed the approach to improve the system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.477-500
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• 1999

Korean labor market has showed remarkable change of the increase in the amount of unemployment and contingent employment since IMF bailout agreement. There is a theoretical position to explain this increase in contingent employment at hospitals with the notion of flexibility. The high flexibility of employment due to the increase of contingent employees is becoming very important part in new business strategy of hospitals. The types of contingent employment of the nurse are part-time employment temporary employment, fixed-term employment, and internship which was introduced in early 1999. Recently, Korean health care industry managers have paid attention to the customer oriented service, rationalization of business administration, service quality control so that they can adjust their business to outer environment. Especially their efforts concentrate on the wage reduction through efficient and scientific control of man power because wage shares about 40% of total cost. This dissertation aims at verifying the phenomena of the contingent employment of the nurse and analyzing the related factors and problems. To rephrase these aims in ordinal: First, verifying the phenomena of contingent employment of the nurse. Second, verifying the problems of that phenomena. Third, analyzing the related factors of the contingent employment of the nurse. To accomplish these research goals, a statistical survey was executed. in which 384 questionnaires-66 for manager nurses, 318 for contingent nurses - were given to nurses working at 66 hospitals-which have at least 100 beds-in Seoul. Among them, 187 questionnaires-38 from manager nurses, 149 from contingent nurses'- 'were returned. Then, the data coded and submitted to T-test, $X^2$ -test, variance analysis(ANOVA), correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, Logistic Regression with SAS program. The research results of the contingent nurses are followings: 1. The average career term at the present hospital 8.4 months: duty-on days per month are 24.2 days: working time per day is 7.9 hours. These results showed little difference from regular nurses. 2. Their wage level is about 70% of regular nurses except for internship nurses whose wage level is 41% of regular nurses. To break down the wage composition, part-time nurses and internship nurses get few allowance and bonus. And contingent nurses get very low level of additional pay except for fixed-term nurses who are under similar condition of employment to regular nurses. These results show that hospital managers are trying to reduce the labor cost not only through the direct way of wage reduction but through differential treatment of bonus, retirement allowance, and other additional pay. 3. The problem of contingent employment: low level of pay; high level of turn-over rate: weakening of union; low level of working condition: heavy burden of work; inhuman treatment. The contingent nurses consider these problems more seriously than manager nurses do. What manager nurses regard problematic is the absence of feeling-belonged and responsibility of the contingent nurses. 4. The factors strongly related with the rate of the number of contingent nurses for the number of regular nurses; gross turn-over nurses; average in-patients per day; staring wage of graduate from professional college: the type of hospital ownership; the number of beds; the gap between gross newcomer nurses and gross turn-over nurses. The factors related with their gross wage per month; the number of beds; applying of health insurance; applying of industrial casualty insurance; applying of yearly-paid leave; the type of hospital ownership; average out-patients per day; gross turn-over nurses. The meaningful factors which make difference by employment type: monthly-paid leave; physiological leave. The logistic regression analysis using these two factors shows that monthly-paid leave is related with the type of hospital ownership; the number of beds; average out-patient per day, and physiological leave is related with the gross newcomer nurses; gross turn-over nurses; the number of beds.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.423-431
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• 2018

The Purpose of the study was to explore the experience and meaning of employment in the outside hospital of graduates of nursing college with an affiliated hospital. The participants were five senior nursing students, data were collected by three times of Focus group interviews from July, 2017, and analyzed using content analysis. Five Themes and thirteen sub-themes were identified. Implications of the employment experience were 'selection criteria for various employment hospitals according to personal value and experience', 'recognition and reward for hard work', 'influence of hospital name value', 'opportunity to develop own potential', and 'fear coming from employment in non-affiliated hospital'. The results of this study are significant in that it provides basic information that can be taken into account in the employment guidance of nursing college students and the turnover rate of new nurses.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.97-114
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• 1998

The occupational health services for the minor enterprises are poor comparing with that of large enterprises in Korea. In 1997, Korean government announced officially the law on joint employment system of occupational health practitioners to solve the problems. This study is to develop the model on the joint employment system of occupational nurse practitioners for minor enterprises in Korea based on the opinions of occupational health nurses (OH Ns). The data were collected by questionnares from October to November in 1997. The number of subjects was 210 occupational health nurses who had participated the mandatory nursing education program provided by the Korean Occupational Health Nurses Association(KOHNA). The response rate was 47.1%. The contents of questionnaires were general characteristics, occupational & job characteristics of OHNs, and the views on the joint employment system. The SAS-PC program was used for the statistical analysis. The results were as followed, (1) The proper number of industies was 3 and the appropriate number of workers was 448 for one joint employed occupational nurse practitioner (J EONP). (2) 44.7% of the OHNs wanted that the Ministry of Labor monitored the way and content of contraction b/w JEONP and minor emterprises, 82.6% of the OHNs wanted that KOHNA managed the employment informations. (3) The OHNs of occupational health agencies showed more positive attitude than the OHNs of private industries on the joint employment system. (4) 88.3% of the OHNs wanted the education training for JEONP. Especially in occupational hygiene and safety control. (5) The OHNs expected the role expansion of Occupational Health Nursing by JEONP system. At the same time they worried the adverse effects. For the successful execution of this system, it is necessary the cooperation among the Ministry of Labor, KOHNA, the minor enterprises, and the OHNs.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1-29
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• 2018

The paper reviews the trend of youth employment in Korea in recent years and examines whether the change in labor demand through declining business dynamism is one of the causes. The analysis based on Employment Insurance database finds that the rate of job creation declined over the period from 1999 to 2014 and that the job creation of small- and medium-sized enterprises fell sharply. This is partly explained by entry of fewer firms than before given that young firms tend to experience rapid employment growth. In fact, it is confirmed that the share of firms under age 6 in employment level and job creation declined. The finding that young firms employ young workers more than old firms suggests that a smaller role of young firms in the economy had a negative effect on youth employment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.39
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• pp.5-40
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• 1999

Little is known about unemployment duration and re-employment pattern. This paper empirically examines unemployment duration and re-employment pattern using data by the 1998 national survey about the unemployed and their needs. A parametric survival model(Weibull model) is adopted to identify variables predicting unemployment duration. It is found that the data including people without unemployment insurance as well as people with unemployment insurance fit the Weibull model including the hazard distribution that the hazard of reemployment is increasing at an decreasing rate. Variables that affect unemployment duration are age, householdership, family income, size of prior employment organization, and cause of unemployment. In re-employment pattern, statistically significant variables are age, type of prior employment industry, prior employment pattern, and membership in unemployment insurance. This paper provides a basic knowledge about realities of unemployed individuals in the economic crisis period of Korea, identifies research areas for further research, and develops policy implications for the unemployed.