• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

지구환경감시 위성개발에 관한 관심이 날로 증가하고 있음에도 불구하고, 위성으로부터의 정보를 빠른 시간 내에 가공하여 활용할 수 있는 영상처리기술에 대한 투자는 미미한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 한국형 위성영상처리 기본체계 구축에 필요한 각 요소기술과 관련 산업의 관계를 정성적으로 고찰하였으며, 시스템 구축비용을 추정하여 관련 산업이외의 산업파급효과를 정량적으로 도출하였다. 또한, 한국형 위성영상처리 기본체계 구축에 소요되는 비용과 이에 수반되는 혜택에 대한 내부수익률을 산출하여 경제적 타당성을 계량적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 농수산업, 관광레저산업, 운송업 등이 본 체계 개발과 관련성이 높았으며, 이로 인하여 직접관련 산업을 제외하고 91억 원의 생산유발효과, 33억 원의 부가가치유발효과, 그리고 54명의 고용유발효과가 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 한편 비관적 시나리오에서도 최저수익률 5.5%을 상회하는 7%의 수익률을 보일 것으로 예측되어 투자타당성을 확보하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.506-512
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study is to determine the most appropriate methods to increase global recognition of Korean food. In service of this objective, interviews were conducted with Korean food specialists who worked for a Korean culinary educational institute in Seoul, as well as cooking experts who worked for restaurants in super deluxe hotels. The study was conducted for 10 days from Feb $21^{st}$ to March $2^{nd}$ in 2009. The results of the study were summarized and synthesized into some key opinions. First, one of the main concepts in Korean culinary education should involve the selection of a small group of the best members and training them to a world class level at a traditional HanOk style institute. Second, to establish a standard for trainee recruitment, we selected a group of members consisting of about 20 persons over the age of 18 years who had earned a degree or were scheduled to graduate from university chef training and had also worked for over 5 years in the field, additionally, foreigners were allowed to apply to the institute. The educational term is one year and some benefits, such as a fixed amount of subsidies to help in daily living, free dormitory housing a certificate of course completion, and an employment guarantee. Third, the educational program consisted of two stages one was the specialist course in which traditional foods were covered and the other was the menu development course, which dealt with the creation of new Korean foods. Fourth, unique programs, including specialized foreign foods experience halls or commission education, were instituted in an effort to raise the level of world recognition of the superiority of Korean food.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the welfare status of nurses and the status of fixed night shifts and flexible work arrangements in both general hospitals and advanced general hospitals in Korea. Methods: A total of 167 hospitals participated in this study, done from April to October 2018. Results: There were 103 hospitals utilizing the fixed night shift system, 22 in the two-shift system, 3 in the fixed holiday shift, 79 in the fixed shift system, and 39 in the short-time working system. The average welfare benefits for nurses increased to 33.02 million won on average. However, welfare services for the nurses were poor: 41.8% of the respondents had a nurses' lounge, 81.7% were given dormitory space at their place of employment, 41.8% had access to welfare facilities, and 56.4% were provided with welfare support countermeasures. Conclusion: The results show an increasing trend of hospitals to utilize fixed night shift and flexible work arrangements. An institutional strategy at the national policy level should be established to implement flexible work arrangements including the fixed night shift system, which has a poor level of welfare.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2019

Objectives: While occupational stress has long been a central focus of psychological research, few studies have investigated how immigrant microbusiness owners (MBOs) respond to their unusually demanding occupation, or how their unresolved occupational stress manifests in psychological distress. Based on the job demands-resources model, this study compared MBOs to employees with regard to the relationships among emotional demands, job resources, and depressive symptoms. Methods: Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of 1288 Korean immigrant workers (MBOs, professionals, office workers, and manual workers) aged 30 to 70, living in Toronto and surrounding areas. Face-to-face interviews were conducted between March 2013 and November 2013. Results: Among the four occupational groups, MBOs appeared to endure the greatest level of emotional demands, while reporting relatively lower levels of job satisfaction and job security; but MBOs reported the greatest job autonomy. The effect of emotional demands on depressive symptoms was greater for MBOs than for professionals. However, an inspection of stress-resource interactions indicated that though MBOs enjoyed the greatest autonomy, the protective effects of job satisfaction and security on the psychological risk of emotional demands appeared to be more pronounced for MBOs than for any of the employee groups. Conclusions: One in two Korean immigrants choose self-employment, most typically in family-owned microbusinesses that involve emotionally taxing dealings with clients and suppliers. However, the benefits of job satisfaction and security may protect MBOs from the adverse mental health effects of job stress.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2020

Background: Currently, the over-the-counter (OTC) drug market is flooded with series OTC products. The pharmacist must follow the OTC product's indication, given that the most critical role of a pharmacist is the right selection and recommendation of an OTC drug for a patient's symptoms in a dynamic pharmacy environment. Therefore, pharmacists must know each OTC product information precisely to avoid any ambiguity due to several OTC series brand names. Objective: We evaluated the risk and effectiveness of OTC series medicines. Methods: From December 5 to December 18, 2019, an online survey was conducted among 145 community pharmacists. Results: A total of 51.0% of pharmacists knew the difference between products named in a series and could explain it spontaneously. Only 0.7% of the pharmacists admitted to not knowing the difference between products named in a series. While 42.9% of pharmacists who owned a pharmacy opined that the OTC medicines named in a series have health benefits for patients, 50.0% of employee pharmacists admitted that they were rather confused because there are several OTC series medicines. In contrast, 69.2% of pharmacists who owned pharmacies and 72.2% of employee pharmacists admitted that OTC series drugs with names similar to popular OTC drugs sell better. Conclusion: While pharmacists had different opinions regarding OTC series drugs per employment status, they opined that OTC series are more helpful in pharmacy management than completely new brand names. Further studies in this regard are needed.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.69-96
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• 2013

이 글에서는 북구 복지국가 모델이 경제적 인센티브와 윤리-규범의 문제로 인하여 장기적으로 지속가능하기 어렵다는 경제학적 논리를 비판적으로 검토하였다. 형평을 목적으로 하는 정치적 기획인 복지국가의 주된 경제적 기능은 위험에 대한 사회적 보호 즉 보험 기능이다. 복지국가는 사적 보험의 실패를 극복하여 인적자원과 혁신 투자를 촉진하는 효과를 가지지만, 기여와 분리된 조세 기반의 보편적 복지와 시장에서의 임금평등을 추구하는 복지국가는 잠재적으로 인센티브의 문제를 가질 수 있다. 그러나 스웨덴과 같은 북구 복지국가는 고용 중심의 제도 배열, 노동윤리와 급여규범 유지에 기여하는 제도 정책의 설계 운영, 격차 축소의 인센티브 메커니즘 형성, 교육에 대한 공적 투자와 사회보장과의 정합성 구축 등을 통해 이를 극복할 수 있었다. 북구 복지국가 모델은 인센티브-규범의 문제가 이론과 논리의 문제가 아니라 제도와 정책으로 대응가능한 현실의 문제를 보여주는 현실적 사례라고 할 수 있다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.149-171
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• 2020

대학생 시기는 실질적으로 직업선택을 해야 하는 시기이다. 우리 사회가 빠르게 고도로 발달하는 만큼, 직업은 다양화, 세분화, 전문화되어 대학생들의 취업 준비기간은 또한 갈수록 길어지고 있다. 본 연구는 대학생들이 학교 내외에서 하는 경험하는 다양한 활동들이 취업에 어떤 영향이 있을지 대학생들의 로그데이터를 중심으로 분석해 보았다. 실험을 위하여 학생들의 다양한 활동을 체계적으로 분류하고 활동 데이터를 6개의 핵심역량(직무전문성강화 역량, 리더십 및 팀웍 역량, 세계화 역량, 직무몰입 역량, 직업탐색 역량, 자율이행역량)으로 구분하였고, 여기서 구분된 6개의 역량 값이 취업여부(취업그룹, 미취업그룹)에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 6개의 역량 모두 취업집단과 미취업집단의 수준차이가 유의한 것을 확인할 수 있어 학교에서의 활동은 취업에 유의미함을 유추할 수 있었다. 다음으로 6개의 역량이 취업의 질적성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 6개의 역량수준을 상·하로 나누고, 첫연봉액을 기준으로 6개의 그룹을 만든 후 관계를 확인해 보았는데, 그 결과 6개의 역량 중 세계화역량, 직업탐색역량, 자율이행역량 수준이 높은 학생이 연봉을 기준으로 한 취업성과 또한 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 이론적 공헌은 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 학창경험으로부터 추출할 수 있는 역량을 인사조직관리분야의 역량과 연결하며, 개인의 경력성공을 위해 대학생으로서 필요한 역량을 직업탐색역량과 자율이행역량을 추가하였다는 점이다. 두 번째, 활동로그의 실데이터 기반으로 각각의 역량을 측정하고 결과변수와 검증을 한 점이다. 세 번째, 양적성과(취업률)뿐만 아니라 질적성과(연봉수준)를 분석한 점이다. 본 연구의 실무적 활용은 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 대학생들의 경력개발계획 수립 시 가이드가 될 수 있다. 전략이 없거나 균형을 갖추지 못한 또는 과도한 스펙을 쌓기는 지양하고 직업세계와 직무에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 자신의 강점을 표현할 수 있는 취업준비가 필요하다. 두 번째, 학교와 기업, 지자체, 정부 등 대학생들을 위한 행사를 기획하는 담당자는 대학생들이 필요로 하는 경험을 설계할 본 연구에서 제시한 6대 역량을 참고할 수 있다. 이벤트의 수요자인 대학생이 필요한 역량을 키우면서 하면서 각 기관의 목적을 더할 때 수요자와 공급자 모두 만족스러운 결과를 만들 수 있다. 세 번째, 디지털 대전환 시대, 국가의 균형발전을 구상하는 정부의 정책담당자는 대학생들의 호기심과 에너지를 대학생들의 역량개발과 국가의 균형발전을 함께 성취하는 방향으로 정책을 만들 수 있다. 기존에 없던 플랫폼서비스를 시도하고, 기존의 아날로그 상품이나 서비스와 기업문화를 디지털화 하는 데에는 많은 인력이 필요하며 디지털세대인 현 대학생들의 활약은 전 산업에서 촉매가 될 뿐 아니라 성공적인 경력개발을 위한 대학생들에게도 필요한 경험이라 사료된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.135-151
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the work environments of dental hygienists, to find out about what problems there were with their work environments and ultimately to help improve their work environments. It's basically intended to pave the way for furthering the welfare and interests of dental hygienists. The subjects in this study were dental hygienists who were selected by random sampling from among the members of Korean Dental Hygienists Association. Approximately 20 percent of the members each were selected from every region across the nation, and their work environments were investigated in consideration of the kind of their workplaces, service area, career and field of duties. As for the demographic characteristics of the dental hygienists investigated, there were differences between those who worked in the field of health care and the clinical workers. More of the former were older and married, and the former was ahead of the latter in career and education as well. Regarding working hours and leave of absence by kind of workplace, the number of regular average holidays was different according to their place of employment. Dental hospitals(6.66 days) and dental clinics(6.81 days) gave their employees less days off on the whole, whereas public dental clinics(19.29 days) granted the dental hygienists the longest leave of absence. Also, there was a broad gap in the number of regular average holidays among different regions in the nation. The dental hygienists who worked in Gangweon province enjoyed the longest holidays(10.88 days), while those on Jeju Island took the shortest vacation(4.46 days). Concerning monthly mean pay by place of employment, those who worked in public dental clinics were paid the best, and the dental hospital employees received the smallest pay. Their monthly mean pay significantly varied with the kind of their workplaces. As to connections between service area and pay level in the event of the dental hygienists with a four-year career, those who served in Seoul were paid the best(1,820,800 won), followed by Gyeonggi province(1,795,800 won), Gyeongsang province(1,604,200 won), metropolitan cities(1,424,800), Gangweon province(1,300,000 won) and Jeolla province(1,016,700 won). In regard to the starting pay in the different areas, the starting pay was largest in Seoul(1,501,800 won) and smallest in Jeolla province(904,000 won). Concerning work environments by place of employment, the dental hygienists in public dental clinics, general hospitals and university hospitals were far older than the others, and the career of the former was much larger than that of the latter. As to the number of regular leave of absence, public dental clinics, general hospitals and university hospitals were different from dental hospitals and clinics in that regard as well. Concerning monthly pay, public dental clinics paid their employees the best, and dental hospitals and clinics were ahead in terms of pay raise. But the reason seemed that public dental clinics and general hospitals increased the pay of their employees based on a fixed wage system and according to a fixed rate at the same time. As for relations between career and work environments, the pay of the dental hygienists differed with their career. The amount and rate of pay raise were largest for those whose career was between four years and less than six years, and smallest for those whose career was between seven years and less than nine years. The above-mentioned findings of the study suggested that in order to give dental hygienists better treatment, pay and welfare benefits should urgently be improved, and that it's required to take actions to boost their job satisfaction. Besides, they should be given more chances to receive education or to take training courses in pursuit of self-development, and how to narrow gaps in work environments among different regions or fields should carefully be considered.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.13-38
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 고용에 대한 법정근로시간 단축의 효과를 Putty-Clay-Model에 기초해 단기 및 중 장기적 효과로 구분하여 고찰해 보았다. 단기분석의 결과, 노동생산성이 불변인 가운데에서도 고용효과가 나타날 가능성은 기업이 재화 수요를 충족시키기 위해 신규채용을 통해 고용을 확대할 경우인데, 이러한 고용확대는 불변 단위시간당 임금에서 근로자 1인당 임금총액이 법정근로시간 단축과 비례해서 감소할 뿐만 아니라 기존 고용인력의 실제 근로시간이 단축함에 따라 발생하는 공석인 일자리가 추가고용으로 이어질 때 가능하다. 또한 근로자 1인당 임금총액이 법정근로시간 단축 전과 동일하지만 기존 인력의 연장근무를 신규 인력으로 대체하는 경우를 상정해볼 수 있는데, 이러한 가능성은 신규 채용에 동반되는 비용이 기존 인력의 연장근무로 인한 할증임금비용보다 저렴할 경우에 발생할 수 있고, 비용상승을 부분적으로 억제한다는 점에서 나타날 수 있다. 그러나 앞의 두 경우와는 달리 근로자 1인당 임금총액이 불변이고 기존 근로자의 실제 근로시간이 연장근무로 인해 법정근로시간 단축 전과 일치하는 경우에는 시간당 임금의 증가와 할증임금의 조기 적용으로 근로자의 실질임금을 이중으로 증대시키는 효과를 야기하고 노후설비로 생산하는 한계기업의 수익성을 저하시켜 고용감소를 유발할 가능성이 있다. 한편, 근로시간 단축과 더불어 노동생산성이 증가하는 경우에는 기업의 수익에는 영향을 미치지 않는다. 그러나 노동생산성 증가로 법정근로시간 단축 전의 생산량이 기존 인력에 의해서도 달성될 수 있기 때문에 총수요 증가와 그에 따른 생산량의 증가 없이는 고용확대의 동인이 발생하지 않는다. 중 장기 분석에서는 가변가격과 불변노동생산성을 중심으로 전체 경제와 고용에 어떠한 변화가 야기되는지를 고찰해 보았는데, 분석 결과 경기침체와 고용감소가 발생할 수 있다는 결론에 도달했다. 즉, 임금과 가격의 상승으로 실질임금은 불변이지만 국내 물가의 인상은 가계의 실질금융자산을 감소시켜 소비수요를 축소시키는 한편, 실질환율을 상승시켜 국내외 시장에서 자국 상품의 가격경쟁력에 영향을 미친다. 그러나 국내 물가의 인상과 명목임금의 인상은 기업의 투자에는 상반된 효과를 야기한다. 즉, 국내 물가 인상은 소비수요와 해외수요의 감소를 야기하여 생산용량을 확대하려던 투자계획을 축소시키는 반면에, 명목임금의 인상은 기업이 요소가격의 상대적 관계를 고려하여 생산비용 최소화를 위해 노동절약형 합리적 투자를 선호하도록 유도하고, 그에 따라 자본집약적 설비의 투자규모를 명목임금이 인상되기 전보다 증가시킨다. 따라서 임금과 물가의 인상이 투자규모에 미치는 영향은 분명하지 않으나 소비수요와 해외수요의 감소로 인해 총수요가 감소하고, 그에 따른 총생산능력의 불완전 가동은 '경기적 실업'을 야기할 우려가 있다. 이상의 연구 결과가 보여주듯이, 근로시간 단축의 고용효과는 근로시간 단축으로 인한 임금인상 효과가 노동생산성의 향상으로 얼마나 상쇄되는지에 따라 달라질 수 있는 것으로 귀결되고, 그에 따라 사회적 합의를 도출하기 위해 논의를 거듭했던 독일의 사례를 보면 시사하는 바가 크다. 독일노총은 기술향상으로 근로자의 노동생산성이 빠르게 증가하는 반면에 해외수요를 포함한 총수요의 미흡한 증가로 경제성장이 부진한 상황, 즉 생산과 노동생산성의 괴리현상에서 근로시간 단축과 더불어 총수요확대를 위한 팽창재정정책이 실업자를 감소시킬 수 있다고 역설했다. 따라서 독일의 경우 높은 노동생산성과 부진한 총수요가 근로시간 단축의 동인으로 작용했던 반면에 우리는 노동생산성의 향후 추이에 대한 불확실성에도 불구하고 근로자의 삶의 질 제고가 근로시간 단축의 시발점으로 작용했다. 따라서 근로시간 단축의 고용효과를 논하기 위해서는 거시경제변수를 충분히 고려한 이론을 개발하고, 다양한 실증분석을 시도하는 등 법정근로시간 단축과 연계된 연구를 한층 배가하는 자세로 회귀하고 그 연구 결과를 바탕으로 국가정책을 집행해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.99-143
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• 2016

General aviation and air transport are two wings of the civil aviation industry. Chinese air transport is developing rapidly, and has become the world second air transport system only second to US since 2005. However, Chinese civil aviation is far behind the world average level, and cannot meet requirements of economic construction and social development. The transition and structural adjustment of Chinese economy provide the general aviation with a unprecedented broad market. The prospect of general aviation is promising and anticipated. The development of general aviation industry needs the legislative supports, and the current legislative conditions of Chinese general aviation are undoubtedly far behind the realistic requirements. Accelerating the legislation in Chinese general aviation industry requires scientific legislation concept. First, Legislation must promote development of general aviation industry. The general aviation will serves as a Chinese emerging industry that boosts domestic demand, promotes employment and expedite domestic economic development. We should, based on both the concept of promoting the industrial development of general aviation and national industrial planning, enact and rectify relative laws and regulations. And we should also straighten out the relationship between aviation security and industrial development and promote the revolution of low-altitude airspace management in an all-round way, in order to improve the utilization rate of airspace resources, classify and establish airspace, simplify examination and approval procedure and intensify operation management. In addition, what we should do is to expedite the infrastructure layout construction, guide the differentiated but coordinated development of general aviation industries in various areas, establish a united supervision mechanism of general aviation, redistrict the responsibilities of Chinese Air Control Agency and set up legislation, law enforcement and judicial systems with clarified institutions, clear positioning and classified responsibilities, so as to usher in a new era of the legislative management of Chinese general aviation industry. Second, shift the focus from regulations to both regulations and services. Considering the particularity of the general aviation, we should use American practices for reference and take into account both regulation and service functions when enacting general aviation laws. For example, we should reduce administrative licensing and market supervision, and adopt "criteria" and "approval" management systems for non-commercial and commercial aviation. Furthermore, pay attention to social benefits. Complete social rescuing mechanism through legislation. It should be clarified in legislation that general aviation operators should take the responsibilities of, and ensure to realize social benefits of environmental protection and ecological balance .Finally, rise in line with international standards. Modify Chinese regulations which is inconsistent with international ones to remove barriers to international cooperation. Specify basic legislative principles. One is the principle of coordination. Realize coordination between the civil aviation and general aviation, between military aviation and civil aviation, and among departments. Two is the principle of pertinence. The general aviation has its own rules and specialties, needing to be standardized using specialized laws and regulations. Three is the principle of efficiency. To realize time and space values of general aviation, we should complete rules in aerospace openness, general aviation airport construction, general aviation operations, and regulation enforcement. Four is the principle of security. Balance the maximum use of resources of Chinese airspace and the according potential threats to Chinese national interests and social security, and establish a complete insurance system which functions as security defense and indemnificatory measure. Establish a unified legal system. Currently, the system of Chinese general aviation laws consists of national legislation, administrative laws and regulations and civil aviation regulations (CAR). Some problems exist in three components of the system, including too general content, unclear guarantee measures, incomplete implementation details, and lacking corresponding pertinence and flexibility required by general aviation regulations, stringency of operation management and standards, and uniformity of standards. A law and regulation system, centered on laws and consisting of administrative laws regulations, industrial regulations, implementation details, industrial policies and local laws and regulations, should be established. It is suggested to modify the Civil Aviation Law to make general aviation laws complete, enact the Regulations of General Aviation Development, and accelerate the establishment, modification and abolition of Chinese general aviation laws to intensify the coordination and uniformity of regulations.