• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.50-60
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing role adaptation in newly employed nurses and the consistency between role expectations before employment and after one year of employment. The results of this study may contribute to strategy development towards positive role adaptation in newly employed nurses. The data used in this study were collected from 111 nurses, the sample was drawn from all newly employed professional nurses working at Y Medical Center in 1987. The data were collected longitudinally in the 2nd - 3rd weeks, the 3rd month and the 12th month after employment. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The degree of change the importance of factors influencing role adaptation and the length of time after employment were investigated. the result showed that the degree of change was the greatest within the first 3 months after employment. Important factors related to role adaptation were working conditions, the environment of the assigned ward and the work load. These factors always displayed high scores without any great change over time. New employees put more importance on practical factors which were obtained through experience in their jobs rather than on ideal factors Which they had considered more important while in school. 2. Consistency between role expectation before employment and after 12 month of employment was investigated. The highest consintency item was the expectation about the variety of Patients, and the highest inconsistency was the expectation about their own welfare. An average score of 69.07 points was achieved from a maximum of 125 points for the 25 items. showing that expectations for role development before employment were not fully satisfied. In conclusion the administraor should assess the initial expectation at the time of employment of new nurses and she / he should make clear to the new nurses that these expectations may not be realistic. In this way the administrator can provide more satisfactory conditions towards the expectations of the new nurses and help them towards positive role adaptation and reduction of role conflict. Newly employed nurses have high and unrealistic expectations about socialization to the profession from their nursing educational program. It is suggested that a transitional training program should be planned and carried out for newly employed nurses.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1089-1103
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing a health-promoting lifestyle among highly educated, married women with or without work outside the home. It is a direct interview, cross-sectional study. Subjects were 250 married, unemployed women and 236 married women employed as teachers. Women who have not graduated college, work only part-time or have no current spouse were excluded. The instruments used were the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, et al., 1987) and the Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (Backe, et al., 1982), The HPLP scores of the employed, married women were significantly lower than those for unemployed respondents. for both groups of respondents, the self-actualization subscale was the highest score and the exercise subscale was the lowest score. The HPLP indicated that exercise is a very weak area. Thus, an increase in exercise time and frequency, especially for highly educated, married women, is suggested. Multiple regression analysis revealed that a health-promoting lifestyle of unemployed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, depression and satisfaction of role allotment. On the other hand, a health-promoting lifestyle of employed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, stress, self-perceived economic status, coffee consumption, husband's help, and maid's help. That is, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less depression and more satisfaction of role allotment, unemployed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. Also, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less stress, better self-perceived economic status, less coffee consumption, more husband's help and more maid's help, employed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. The results indicate that sports activity and leisure-time activity were the first and the second determinants of health-promoting lifestyle respectively. Therefore, an exercise-centered health-promoting program for highly educated, married women is suggested in the community or workplace. Especially, the program should be designed to be easily approachable for highly educated, employed married women who have more of a role burden compared to unemployed women.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.61-86
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• 2018

This study set out to investigate relationship between job satisfaction and marital satisfaction and especially mediating effect of partner abuse. Data came from Korea Welfare Panel Survey 2017. The final sample size was 2,610 married employed persons in South Korea. Analysis methods were multiple regression analysis. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, higher job satisfaction influenced directly higher marital satisfaction, and influenced also indirectly through lower partner abuse. Second, married employed women showed lower level of marital satisfaction than married employed men. Third, married employed women's job satisfaction was more influential factor to explain marital satisfaction than married employed men's. The limitations and implications of the findings from this study were discussed with respect to further studies.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1988

The subjects used in this study were chosen from self-employed women in Taegu City, Korea, Data for 415 respondents were collected by face-to-face interviews conducted during the period of November 10 through 23, 1987. There are three major purposes in this study : first, to describe the general characteristics of self-employed Korean women's fertility behavior ; second, to examine the determinants of fertility behavior among self-employed women : third, to explore the relative importance of the fertility determinants among the women. Regression analyses were introduced to test hypotheses. Nine variables, such as household income, educational attainment, mass media, abortion, the period of contraception practice, contraceptive expenses, the number of infant, deaths marital period, and age at first marriage were introduced as indicators in the regression. The results of this study show that there are negative relationships between the dependent variable of fertility and abortion, and the period of contraception practice. On the other hand, positive relationships between the dependent variable of fertility and the number of infant deaths, and marital period and age at first marriage are shown in this study. However, the results of this study show that there are insignificant relationships between socioeconomic variables and fertility. From the results of the F test to evaluate the significance of difference in $R^2$between two different regression equations, we have found that the regression equation including both socioeconomic variables and intermediate variables is misspecified to examine the determinants of fertility behavior among self-employed Korean women. That is, the F test shows that the regression equation including only intermediate variables as indicators is the best model for this study. Finally, the relative importance of the fertility determinants among self-employed women is found as follows : Age at the first marriage is the most influential variable in the fertility, and the next important factors are abortion, the period of contraception practice, the number of infant deaths, and marital period, in that order.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.689-697
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• 2019

This study's target is adolescents from overseas-employed families. Adolescents from overseas-employed families experience psychological and emotional problems because of long term separation from their parents. This study examined the moderating effect of self-identity between depression, anxiety, and school adaptation of adolescents from overseas-employed families in Yanbian, China. The data was collected through a survey of 285 middle school students and 167 valid questionnaires which marked as overseas-employed family, SPSS 24.0, regression analysis was performed. The results were as follows: depression and anxiety had a significant effect on the school adaptation of adolescence from overseas-employed families in Yanbian, China. Furthermore, depression, anxiety, and self-identity had significant interactions with school adaptation. In the conclusion, the researchers suggest various practical strategies based on results of the study to improve the self-identity and school adaptation of Chinese-Korean adolescents in China.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.155-172
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• 2015

This study aimed to identify the effects of mothers' variables and present children's variables on subsequent childbirth plan and to explore predictors of subsequent childbirth plan for non-employed and employed mothers. The subjects were 1,635 mothers participating in the Panel Study on Korean Children from 2008 to 2010 and having no subsequent children until 2010 after giving birth to children in 2008. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t test, ${\chi}^2$ test, and decision tree analysis. The main results of this study were as follows. Firstly, mothers' child-rearing stresses, child value, marital satisfaction, social support, present children's birth order and sex influenced mothers' subsequent childbirth plans, whereas mothers' average family income per month did not. Secondly, in the case of non-employed mothers, their present children's birth order and sex, and mothers' child value predicted their subsequent childbirth plan. Specifically, mothers whose present children's birth order and sex was first and female had the highest possibilities of subsequent childbirth plan, followed by mothers whose present children's birth order and sex was first and male, and child value was higher. Thirdly, in the case of employed mothers, their present children's birth order and mothers' marital satisfaction predicted their subsequent childbirth plan. Specifically, mothers whose present children' birth order was first and marital satisfaction was higher had the highest possibilities of subsequent childbirth plan. Finally, the study suggested the role of Home Economics Education in raising the rate of subsequent childbirth.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.379-388
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to provide information necessary to strengthen maternal role adaptation of employed mothers by identifying factors affecting maternal role adaptation of employed mothers with young children. The subjects of this study were convenience extracts from 137 employed mothers with infants under 24 months of residence in H city, Gyeonggi-do. Data were processed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. As a result of the study, maternal role adaptation was positively correlated with mother attachment(r=.488, p<.001) and social support(r=.718, p<.001). Social support(β=.616), baby status at birth(β=.123), current breastfeeding status(β=.127) and maternal attachment degree(β=.141) affect the maternal role adaptation of employed mothers. The explanatory power of regression analysis was 55.5%(F=43.487, p<.001). As a result of the study, social support was found to be the most important factor influencing maternal role adaptation of employed mothers. Various intervention strategies for promoting social support in families, workplaces and communities are required for maternal role adaptation to employed mothers.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 1999

This study reviews the literature of influencing factor on hospital-employed physician's income, and it describes general distribution of hospital-employed physician's income, and analyzes influencing factor of hospital-employed physician's income. A total of 1.795 persons responded to the mail survey. through stratified sampling by 23 branches of medical society in Korean RBRVS study. The design of the study is cross sectional study. and the unit of analysis is a physician. To examine the change of average income per month. multiple regression was used to test the change according to physician's characteristics. demographic characteristics. scale of hospital. average intensity of ordinary work. and specialty. The major findings of this study are as follows; 1. As for physicians working in first referral hospital. the average income of neurosurgeon per month was the largest. being 1.34 times larger than that of the family physician, and that of the emergency physician was the smallest, being 0.78 times smaller than that of the family physician, but that of the ophthalmic and Orthopaedic physician was significantly larger than that of the family physician under the control of control variables. And average income per month was significantly larger for physicians who worked in Seoul metropolitan area than physicians who worked in rural area. 2. The year of physician's career, number of average out-patients per month significantly positively associated, but the number of hospital beds and average intensity of therapy significantly negatively associated with average income per month. 3. As for physicians working in second referral hospital. the average income of the psychiatric physician per month was the largest, being 1.33 times larger than that of the family physician, and that of the emergency physician was smallest, being 0.74 times smaller than that of the family physician., but no significant difference was seen under the control of control variables, and average income per month was significantly larger for physicians who worked in Seoul metropolitan area than physicians who worked in large municipal area. 4. The year of physician's career and number of hospital beds significantly positively associated, but average working hours per month significantly negatively associated with average income per month. In conclusion, the year of hospital-employed physician's career is the largest influencing factor on hospital-employed physicians. But the difference of average income per month according to working regions and to number of hospital beds existed in employed physicians under the control of control variables. So this study has implementation that we must consider the influence of working regions and the number of hospital beds on the income of hospital-employed physicians in making policy for hospital. Being a cross-sectional study, this study can not suggest causal explanations. In the future, experiment or cohort study is needed for causal explanations.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.179-198
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• 1992

The purspoe of this study is to identify the socialization level of household work of the employed and unemployed housewives and it's related variables in order to provide some fundamental information for the rational and effective performation of the household task. For the purpose of this study, 700 questionnaire were distributed to the employed and unemployed wives who lived in Seoul. The data were analyed by the Frequency distribution, Percentile, t-test, F-test, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The main results were as follows : (1) Socialization level of household work of the employed wives was a little below medium point. When the household work was devided into three subdomains, in the domain of food and shelter, the socialization level was far below medium point. In the domain of clothes, the socialization level was a little higher than medium point. Socialization level of household work of the unemployed wives far below average. When the household work was devided into three sudbomains, in the domain of food, clothes and shelter, the socialization level was far below average, too. Socialization level of household work was significantly different according to the employment. (2) Among the background veriables, family income, household work helper, and frequency of leisure activities have a significant influence on the socialization level of the employed wives. Duration of marriage, housewife's education level and house income have a important effect on the socialization level of the unemployed wives background. (3) Among the background variabels of household work, performing competence of household work is powerful effect on the socialization level of the employed wives. And as for the unemployed wives, performing competence of household task and recognition of the velue of household work are significant variables. (4) The psychological variable such as sex-role attitude gave no noticeable influence on the socialization level of employed and unemployed wives. (5) In conclusion, classifing the variances influencing on the socialization level of household work in a measure of respcetive effect, it appears to be performing competence of household task, frequency of leisure activities, house income, sex-role attitued and educational level in the order of their influences for the employed wives. And as for the unemployed wives, it seems to be house income, educational level, performing competence of household work and frequency of leisure activities. To the two sides, the rate of explanation is shown at 35%.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-35
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• 1998

This study attempted to determine the relation between the maternal role strain and their husbands' support in employed and nonemployed first-time mothers, and how it changed over time. A descriptive, longitudinal and comparative study design was conducted to collect and analyzed the data at three times(at 3-4days, at 4-6wks and at 3-month postpartum) regarding the change of maternal role strain and their husbands' support in employed and nonemployed first-time mothers. The subjects were 133 first-time mothers who delivered vaginally at K university hospital in Deagu, Korea from Dec., 1994 to Oct., 1995. Among these 58 were employed and 75 were nonemployed first-time mothers. This instruments used to data collection in this study were by Hobbs(1968 : The Difficulty Index for First-time Parents), Staffensmeier(1982: Transition Difficulty Measure), Tayer(1976: Emotional Support from Husband), Lee, Hae Kyoung(1992 : Physical Support from Husband). The analysis of data was done with SAS/PC program which included percentage, $x^2$-test, Pearson correlation, Repeated Measure ANOVA, Time Contrast Analysis and t-test. The results were as follows : 1. There was a significant negative correlation only at 3-4days(r=-.19, P=.0265) and at 4-6wks postpartum(r=-.18, P=.0392) between maternal role strain and husband's support of the first-time mothers. Thus, the more support from husband, the less maternal role strains the first-time mothers felt. Therefore, the 1st hypothesis that "the more husband's support the first-time mother felt at all the time of testing, the less maternal role strains they got" was partially supported at 3-days and 4-6 weeks postpartum. There was no correlation between maternal role strain and t husband's support of the employed first-time mothers at al testing times(at 3-4days postpartum : r=-.95, P=.9548, at 4-6wks postpartum : r=-.0960, P=.4733 and at 3-month postpartum : r=-.05, P=7306). On the contrary, the unemployed first-time mothers felt less maternal role strain when they received more support from their husband at 3-4 days postpartum(r=-.31, P=.0073) and at 4-6wks postpartum(r=-.23, P=.0490). 2. There was no difference of maternal role strain between two groups with regards to employment status(F=.97, P=.3270). But the maternal role strains of two groups were changed differently each other over time(F=3.89, P=.00234). Therefore, the 2nd hypothesis that "there was the difference in the maternal role strains with regard to employment status and over time" was rejected. 3. There was no difference in husband's support between the employed and the nonemployed first-time mothers(F=3.06, P=.0826). But there was a significant interaction between employment status and over time(F=3.64, P=.0267), so the support from husband of the employed and the unemployed first-time mothers was changed differently each other over time. The support from husband of the employed first-time mothers was lowered significantly and continuously at 4-6wks (F=5.20, P=.0263) and at 3-month postpartum(F=6.47, P=.0137) than at 3-4 days postpartum. On the contrary, there was no difference in change of husband's support of the employed first-time mothers between the 3-4 days and the 4-6wks postpartum(F=1.70, P=.1962) and between the 3-4 days and the 3-month postpartum(F=.21, P=.6513). Mean husband's support of the nonemployed first-time mothers was raised at 4-6wks postpartum than at 3-4 days postpartum but lowed at 3-month postpartum. The support form husband of both groups was tending downwards at 3-month postpartum than at 4-6wks postpartum, but the one between two groups was changed differently each other over time. The husband's support of the employed first-time mothers(M${\pm}$SD=64. 26${\pm}$8.63) was higher than the one of the nonemployed first-time mothers(M${\pm}$SD=59.16${\pm}$11.11) (t=-2.98, P=.0035), so the 3rd hypothesis that "there was the difference in the husband's support with regard to employment status and over time" was supported. On the basis of these conclusions, the following suggestion is proposed. This study examined the change and relationship between maternal role strain and husband's support in the employed and the nonemployed first-time mothers. So the further study regarding the comparison between the employed and the nonemployed multiparas is necessary.