• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.76-85
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• 2015

Objectives: Radix Ginseng has been traditionally used as an adaptogen that acts on the adrenal cortex and stimulates or relaxes the nervous system to restore emotional and physical balance and to improve well-being in cases of degenerative disease and/or old age. Radix Ginseng has been used for a long time, but the safety of ginseng pharmacopuncture needs testing. This study was done to analyze the single-dose toxicity of water- soluble ginseng pharmacopuncture (GP) intramuscular injections in rats. Methods: All experiments were performed at Biotoxtech, an institution authorized to perform non clinical studies under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Each group contained 10 Sprague-Dawley rats, 5 males and 5 females. GP was prepared in a sterile room at the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute under regulations of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). GP dosages were 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mL for the experimental groups; normal saline was administered to the control group. The animals general condition was examined daily for 14 days, and the rats were weighed on the starting day and at 3, 7 and 14 days after administration of the pharmacopuncture. Hematological and biochemistry tests and autopsies were done to test the toxicological effect of GP after 14 days. This study was performed with approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Biotextech. Results: No deaths were found in this single-dose toxicity test of intramuscular injections of GP, and no significant changes in the general conditions, body weights, hematological and biochemistry tests, and autopsies were observed. The local injection site showed no changes. Based on these results, the lethal dose was assumed to be over 1.0 mL/animal in both sexes. Conclusion: These results suggest that GP is relatively safe. Further studies, including a repeated toxicity test, are needed to provide more concrete evidence for the safety of GP.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-71
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of fire officers' experience of traumatic events and subsequent forest healing on their occupational burnout. The results are as follows: First, the experience of traumatic events, social and psychological healing, and relieving stress by strolling had a significant effect on burnout. The more fire officers are exposed to traumatic events, the more they lose self-control in social and psychological aspects, and the lower the level of stress relieved through strolling, the higher the level of burnout. Thi sresult suggests that the more fire office rsare called out for fire fighting, the more they see their colleagues with severein juries, and the higher the level of mental and physical an xiety, the more they areex hausted. Moreover, for es thealing help store duce the irmental and physi calfatig uecaused by traumatic events, thu spreven ting them from suffering from burn out. Second, the experience of traumatic events, social and psychological healing, and relieving stress by strolling had a significant impact on occupational stress. The more fire officers are exposed to traumatic events, the more they lose self-control in social and psychological aspects, and the lower the level of stress relieved through strolling, the higher the level of occupational stress. This result indicates that to relieve job stress caused by fire fighting, increased forest healing activities, including various programs such as psychotherapy, developing interpersonal relationships and self-control, and creating a positive mind-set, can reducejobstress and help fire officers recover from it. Lastly, job stress had a mediation effect on the effects of the experience of traumatic events and forest healing on burnout. This implies that burnout can be prevented when fire officers gain high emotional stability through social and psychological healing and stress-relief strolling over a traumatic experience, and stronger support from the organization and family can keep them from being emotionally drained, thus contributing to the prevention of burnout.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2021

This paper conducted an empirical study to identify the causal relationship of factors affecting the purchase intention of automobiles from the customer's point of view. This study sets the purchase intention as a result variable and constructs a causal model with brand image, product attributes (exdogenous variable), and customer value (endogenous variable) as a cause that affects purchase intention. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the symbolic image of the brand was found to have a very significant effect on customer value (p=0.01), and the external attribute of the product also had a significant effect on customer value (p=0.1). Second, customer value was found to have a very significant effect on purchase intention (p=0.01), and the functional image of the brand also had a significant effect on purchase intention (p=0.1). Third, there is a strong positive (+) correlation between the functional image of the brand and the symbolic image of the brand, the intrinsic attribute of the product, and the external attribute of the product, and also between the symbolic image of the brand and the intrinsic attribute of the product and There was also a positive (+) correlation between extrinsic attributes. Therefore, in order to increase customer value, automobile manufacturing companies have a functional value of products from a customer-oriented perspective. It is judged that every effort should be made to maintain a lasting relationship by grasping the values of customers, which are social values, emotional values, situational values, and cognitive values.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.364-375
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to suggest a direction for consumer-oriented curriculum development by analyzing the priorities of subjects and their preference for educational methods. Methods: The participants included 773 management supervisors and education practitioners in the workplace, and a survey was conducted from April 17 to August 30, 2019. Frequency analysis, t-test, Borich's Needs Analysis, and Locus for Focus Model analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS 21.0. Results: The highest perceived priorities for education subjects were as follows: ① 'CPR and First Aid Practice' and 'Occupational Disaster Prevention and First Aid Basics' in the manufacturing industry; and ② 'Emotional Labor and Job Stress Prevention', 'Occupational Disaster Prevention and First Aid basics, and 'Musculoskeletal Disorder Prevention' in the service industry. 'Collective education' was the most preferred method of education. 'School-type' was preferred for the seating arrangement, and the proper number of trainees was considered to be about 30. Respondents said the contents of the education was a top priority when they applied for education, and curriculum and appropriate textbooks should be considered in calculating the cost of education. Conclusions: Practical subjects and subjects related to major hazards by industry were required for management supervisor education. It was proposed in this study that the contents and operating methods of education be changed so that workers can easily comprehend essential subjects such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act. In conclusion, it is necessary to design the curriculum and apply educational methods suitable for each subject's characteristics in consideration of the priorities for subjects reflected in the needs of trainees.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2023

Purpose: During COVID-19, consumers prefer social distancing or contactless activities for safety, and hygienic condition has become one of the most important factors in evaluating restaurants. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether offline/online word-of-mouth is affected by restaurant quality. Research design, data and methodology: The data were collected from 480 consumers who had experiences of visiting a restaurant in the past 90 days and analyzed with SPSS 28.0 and SmartPLS 4.0 programs. Results: Physical environment and menu had positively significant effects on brand love, while employee service and hygiene had no significance on brand love. Restaurant environment, menu, and hygiene had negatively significant effects on brand hate, but employee service had not significant impact on brand hate. Brand love had positively significant effects on offline and online word-of-mouth, and brand hate had negatively significant effects on offline and online word-of-mouth. Conclusions: First, restaurants need to develop a pleasant space where customers can have emotional experiences. Second, restaurants need to fulfill customers' desire for global food consumption. Third, restaurants should ensure hygiene and safety to prevent customers' brand hate. Lastly, restaurants need to establish offline/online word-of-mouth strategy to identify which restaurant quality attributes influence brand love/hate and offline/online word-of-mouth.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.163-172
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• 2022

Public officials are volunteers for the people, and the police are in charge of the safety of the people. In particular, the marine safety of Korea, which has three sides of the sea, is very important. The education of maritime police is a very important factor due to the specificity and risk of the sea. In particular, since the new curriculum is linked to the job while in office, factors related to educational performance are more important. In this study, the relationship between personality characteristics and academic burnout was examined for 200 new maritime police officials. Among the five factors of personality characteristics, extroversion factors, neurotic factors, and emotional exhaustion factors were extroversion factors, neurotic factors, and cynicism factors, and extroversion factors, neurotic factors, and integrity factors. In particular, the five factors of personality characteristics that have the greatest influence on academic burnout were neurotic. For the educational satisfaction and effectiveness of the new maritime police officer, it is necessary to minimize the psychological margin and stress of the new maritime police officer.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.134-146
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to collect the datas about the child care arrangement and the needs of day care programs of teaching mothers with preschool children and to develop the more desirable day care programs for them. The objects were 255 teaching mothers with preschool children. The results were as follows: 1) Teaching mothers who didn't use the day care center tended to put their children in the care of the paternal or maternal grandmothers, Major contributions of those baby-sitters were to protect the children and make everyday life training (44.0%) 2) The first reason for the mothers who used the day care center was that they had no other hands for their children(43.7%) and next reason was that the concerns for their children's socialization(35.4%) 3) Teaching mothers did not want the day care service during the vacation except 20% of them. 4) Teaching mothers absolutely wanted the day care service center especially inside their jobsite(61.0%) than any other type of day care programs and also wanted supporting by the government(66.5%) About the choice criterions of the day care center nutrition health and safety were suggested as the most important factor. They also prefered the experience with other peers and the programs focusing on the emotional development of the children.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.957-965
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• 2011

Recently, railway industry has been developed not only functional parts such as acceleration and high performance of the railway but also emotional parts such as improved ride comfort and blocking noise. However, some important components of railway such as wheel and rail always had exposed too much operation time, cyclic load and rolling contact directly. The variations of load, vibration and chemical compositions were caused of wheel and rail having a lot of different types of contact fatigue damages. Therefore, It is necessary to improve inspection and maintenance technology in order to ensure safety and reliability of railway. Many researchers have already been reported the technology. Magnetic camera, one of the non-destructive testing technique can be used to inspect and evaluate the changes of magnetic field in ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials with cracks. When an electromagnetic is applied to a specimen, a magnetic field will be distorted around a crack on the specimen. In present paper, the distribution of magnetic property in wheel with cracks using magnetic camera had investigated. The crack can be detected and evaluated by distribution analysis of magnetic field. The magnetic camera technique can be detected and evaluated the crack by rolling contact fatigue.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to explore and understand the experience of decision making among women undergoing or forgoing selective fetal reduction who have higher-order multiple pregnancies through assisted reproductive techniques. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted from August 1, to October 30, 2013. Eight participants were interviewed and the interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Six persons participated in in-depth interviews in person and two participated over the telephone. A thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Four themes were identified and carefully named: Confusion after higher-order multiple pregnancy; Obstacles to choice: Uncertain safety; Weighing between reality and ideality and; Influences of medical professionals. Conclusion: The results demonstrated a wide range of factors considered by women when making decisions about selective fetal reduction, and mothers' feelings of conflict and distress in the decision-making process. The results suggest that it is important for nurses to provide emotional support and consolation, in addition to sufficient information. These findings will help nurses improve their counseling techniques by understanding the situation of infertile couples.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.209-221
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• 2009

The early childhood education in Korea has made a great progress during the last thirty years. However, understanding the early childhood education is a challenging task because of the diversity of the fields. Currently 38% of 3-5 year old children are enrolled in kindergarten. And several efforts to develop and distribute the standard curricula on a national level were underwent successfully. Researches are rapidly expanding in volume and the topics are becoming diverse. Focuses of researches moved from the area of cognitive development, science and mathematics in 80s, social and emotional aspects in 90s to language, curriculum and teacher education in 2000s. One of the emerging issues is the inclusion of kindergarten to public education system and free kindergarten education for young children. The second issues is more interdisciplinary policies are in need related to the low-birth rate in nation. The third one is about teacher training policy. The fourth one is related to the health, nutrition and safety of young children. And the fifth issue is moving educational system and policies that provide better future of young children while focusing on the children in low income families and children with absolute poverty.