• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.403-410
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• 2023

Objectives: To confirm the awareness of child abuse and attitudes toward mandatory reporting among dental hygiene students in the Gwangju and Jeonnam regions. Methods: The level of awareness of child abuse according to general characteristics, attitudes toward reporting obligation, and awareness of the mandatory reporting system were analyzed using t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis, and correlation was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Awareness of child abuse was 3.76, 3.68, 3.67, and 3.18 points for neglect, sexual abuse, physical, and emotional abuse, respectively. The attitude toward reporting obligation were 3.60 and 2.62 points for positive and negative reporting attitudes, respectively. Regarding awareness of child abuse, a significant positive correlation was observed between positive reporting attitude (r=0.326, p<0.01) and awareness of mandatory reporting system (r=0.272, p<0.01). Conclusions: To increase the reporting rate among dental hygienists, awareness should be improved starting from the undergraduate level, perceptions of prospective dental hygienists should be reflected in the development and direction of educational programs, and it is necessary to increase accessibility to educational opportunities and continuously seek institutional and policy measures.

• Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigate the associations of childhood trauma with psychopathology and clinical characteristics in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : This study enrolled 66 inpatients with schizophrenia. Korean Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (K-CTQ) and Life Event Questionnaire (LEQ) were administered to assess childhood trauma. Psychopatholgy and clinical characteristics were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Korean Version of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (K-ISMI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and visual analogue scale of EuroQoL-5 Dimension Index (EQ-5D). Results : Total scores on K-CTQ were positively associated with scores on the BDI, K-ISMI, PSS, and PANSS and negatively associated with the score on the EQ-5D. Among subscales of K-CTQ, emotional abuse was significantly associated with all measures for psychopathology and clinical characteristics. Patients with physical abuse (36.5%), emotional abuse (30.2%), or bullying (30.6%) according to the LEQ showed sighificanlty higher the ISMI score and lower EQ-5D score. Emotional abuse and bullying were also significantly associated with higher scores on BDI and/or PSS. Conclusion : Our results suggest that childhood trauma negatively influences on internalized stigma, depression, perceived stress and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Clinicians should carefully evalute and manage childhood traumatic experience of patients with schizophrenia.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.545-555
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• 2020

The present study investigated the characteristics of perpetrators/victims of verbal abuse in childhood, and analyzed sociopsychological factors affecting verbal abuse. Based on child abuse cases between 2010 and 2015 collected from Public Prosecutors' Offices nationwide, we investigated 154 cases with verbal abuse of children and compared them with 398 cases without verbal abuse. Perpetrators of verbal abuse of children were more likely to be male, alcoholic, and with previous criminal convictions than those without verbal abuse. Additionally, perpetrators of verbal abuse of children were more likely to be hostile and controlling toward children, discriminate amongst siblings, and favor one child over another than those without verbal abuse. Finally, we discussed practical applications for prevention of child abuse and verbal abuse in particular and limitations of the study, and made suggestions for future research.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2018

This study investigated the differential effects of childhood trauma, especially neglect, emotional abuse, and physical abuse on stress perception in relation to the ToM (theory of mind), among one-hundred and fifty five college students. For this purpose, self-reported childhood neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and stress levels during the previous week were measured. Social cognition was measured using a ToM questionnaire which asked respondents to guess the intentions of the person in each vignette by providing additional hints. In order to examine the predicting role of childhood trauma and mediating role of ToM, two distinct structural models assuming full (Model 1) and partial (Model 2) mediational effects were compared using structural equation modeling. The partial mediational model was supported and the main results were as follows. First, childhood neglect indirectly predicted stress perception through the effect of the ToM. Second, childhood emotional abuse directly predicted stress perception. Third, childhood physical abuse had no distinct effect on stress perception. Finally, the limitations of this study and the implications for future studies are discussed.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2014

Objective : Previous research showed that childhood trauma or domestic violence resulted in difficulties in controlling emotion and problem solving and vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. To understand the long term effect of childhood trauma, this study investigated their influences on cognitive processing of anger-evoking event and anger behavior among prisoners. Methods : All data were collected from 198 prisoners off our districts in Korea. After they consented to participate, prison officer distributed a questionnaire that included scales to demographic measure, childhood abuse (emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect), cognitive response of anger (attentional focus, suspicion, rumination, and hostile attitude) and behavior of anger (impulsive reaction, verbal aggression, physical confrontation, and indirect expression). For statistical analyses, SPSS 18.0 were used and path coefficients were evaluated from the structural equational modeling using LISREL 8.52. Results : Almost 50% of prisoners of our sample experienced one or more trauma during childhood. Then we tested the long term effect of childhood trauma on anger response by structural equation modeling. As expected, childhood trauma was associated with cognitive processing of anger-evoking event and anger behavior. More specifically, emotional abuse (${\beta}$=0.21, p<0.01) predicted suspicion which in turn associated with impulsive reaction (${\beta}$=0.73, p<0.001) and verbal aggression (${\beta}$=0.87, p<0.001). Emotional abuse (${\beta}$=0.24, p<0.01) also predicted hostile attitude which associated with physical confrontation (${\beta}$=0.80, p<0.001) and indirect expression (${\beta}$=0.80, p<0.001). Interestingly, physical abuse associated directly with impulsive reaction (${\beta}$=0.23, p<0.01) and indirect expression (${\beta}$=0.17, p<0.05). Neglect predicted rumination (${\beta}$=0.15, p <0.05) which associated with indirect expression marginally (${\beta}$=0.11, P<0.10). Conclusion : The results of this study, suggest longitudinal and harmful effect of childhood trauma on difficulties in controlling anger. Especially, it was revealed that childhood abuse related with processing anger evoking events more suspicious and hostile and then various anger-expressing behaviors.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.506-515
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to validate abuse outcomes included Nursing Outcomes Classification(NOC) developed by Johnson and Maas at the University of Iowa. A sample of 71 nurse experts working in university affiliated hospitals participated in this study. They were asked to rate indicators that examplified the outcomes on a scale of 1 (indicator is not at all characteristic) to 5(indicator is very characteristic). A questionnaire with an adaptation of Fehring's methodology was used to establish the content validity of outcomes. The results were as follows: 1. All indicators were considered to be 'supporting' and no indicators were considered to be 'nonsupporting'. 2. 'Abuse Recovery : Emotional' attained an OCV score of 0.780 and was the highest OCV score among abuse outcomes. The highest indicator was 'demonstration of positive interpersonal relationship'. 3. 'Abuse cessation' attained an OCV score of 0.739 and was the lowest OCV score among abuse outcomes. The highest indicator was 'physical abuse has ceased'. 4. 'Abuse Protection' attained an OCV score of 0.743 and the highest indicator was 'plans for avoiding abuse'. 5. 'Abuse Recovery: Financial' attained an OCV score of 0.762 and the highest indicator was 'court-ordered benefits received'. 6. 'Abuse Recovery: Physical' attained an OCV score of 0.767 and the highest indicator was 'resolution of physical health problem'. 7. 'Abuse Recovery: Sexual' attained an OCV score of 0.768 and the highest indicator was 'expression of confidence with gender identity'. More outcomes need to be validated and outcomes sensitive to Korean culture need to be developed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.638-645
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• 2016

This study describes visiting caregivers' perceptions and reporting of elder abuse. From January 13 to February 10, 2014, data were collected from 249 visiting caregivers working at homes by using a structured questionnaire. The caregivers' perceptions of abuse were high overall. Physical abuse was the most common type, followed by financial, verbal, negligence, and emotional abuse. Most visitors recognized that it is important to require reporting for the prevention of elder abuse, but most of them had no experience with reporting abuse, and the agencies that they knew were mostly the police. A majority of the visiting caregivers had attended an elder abuse program and recognized the importance of such programs. The caregivers hoped that the programs would have specific examples of how to deal with elder abuse and family counseling methods, and other practical content for their work. Programs should focus on coping with individual cases, proper counseling methods, and awareness of elder abuse.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.300-308
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• 2019

Purpose: This study is a descriptive research study to identify the relationship between the experience of verbal abuse, compassion fatigue, and work engagement among nurses in the emergency unit. Methods: Study subjects were 107 nurses working in a university hospital in Gyeonggi-Do. The instruments used were a verbal abuse checklist, a subscale of the Professional Quality of Life Scale used to measure compassion fatigue, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 22.0 program for independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: Emergency nurses experienced more verbal abuse and compassion fatigue than nurses in other departments, and the level of work engagement was low. There was a positive correlation between experience of verbal abuse and compassion fatigue and a negative correlation between both of these variables and work engagement. Particularly, verbal abuse appeared in the order of nurses, patients & caregivers, and doctors. This means there were serious problems with communication with nurses. Conclusion: In order to reduce verbal abuse, it is necessary to establish a communication culture of mutual respect between nurses, medical staff, patients & caregivers. Moreover, a compassion fatigue management program is needed to reduce emotional fatigue.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

This study examined the effect of emotional factors, physical factors and socioeconomic factors on suicidal ideation of 75 or older seniors and sought to identify what kinds of factors should be satisfied to prevent their suicide. Using "2017 National Survey of the Elderly", the study conducted survey among 75 or older 3,023 males and 1,295 females. It used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the factors affecting suicidal ideation. As a result, the study found that ties with their offspring, the number of chronic diseases, being abused or not, depression and living with or without espouse had significant effects on their suicidal ideation and abuse was the largest factor. Therefore, in order to reduce suicide rate of 75 or older seniors, more active attention should be rendered to their physical, socioeconomic and emotional health problems, and measures to reduce elderly abuse should be sought. In particular, institutional improvement and revitalization of elderly counseling institutions are needed to reduce elder abuse

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a child abuse prevention education program for parents. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate the impact of child abuse prevention education on parents' response to positive emotion, parenting stress, and potential for child abuse. Methods: A randomized controlled pretest posttest design was used. A total of 60 participants, who were parents with children aged 1~5 and attending 8 nurseries and kindergartens located in Daegu, were recruited. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The collected data were analyzed by an independent t-test, paired t-test, and χ²-test along with descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Child abuse prevention education for the experimental group included four modules on child rights, understanding child abuse, proper child discipline, and positive parenting attitudes. Results: The experimental group showed a significant difference in positive rumination from the control group (t=2.15, p=.036). The experimental group reported a significant difference in dampening from the control group (t=-2.49, p=.016). Additionally, the experimental group reported a significant difference in parenting stress from the control group (t=-2.12, p=.038) and also reported significant differences in child abuse potential from the control group (t=-2.26, p=.028). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that child abuse prevention education for parents can improve positive rumination, reduce dampening, and reduce parenting stress and child abuse potential. Therefore, this study is useful in demonstrating how parental susceptibility to child abuse can be decreased. Future studies should pursue long-term programs and counseling programs.