• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.469-491
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• 2015

The present study investigated the inhibition mechanisms of gifted children, which is one of the main executive functions in human cognitive system. The inhibition process was subdivided into cognitive and emotion aspects in order to examine the interplay between these two aspects with respect to inhibition processing. In Experiment 1, word-color Stroop task was used to study the cognitive inhibition process of 100 gifted children(Gender: 62 males, 38 females; Academic grade: 46 Elementary school students, 54 Secondary school students). In addition, emotional Stroop task was utilized in Experiment 2 to examine the effect of emotional component during cognitive inhibition process. Results revealed a significant cognitive cost (i.e., word-color Stroop effect) when participants had to withhold automatic response during cognitive inhibition task in Experiment 1. Such cognitive cost was reduced as the chronological age of the participants increased, with no difference in gender. The results in Experiment 2 showed no significant emotional inhibition cost (i.e., emotional Stroop effect) during cognitive inhibition task, and there was no effect of gender nor age. This suggests that the emotional component conveyed in words did not lead to cognitive bias effects. This study proposes that the cognitive and emotional inhibition processes are seemingly independent mechanisms that engage in complex interactions during inhibition processing of behavioral response.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.113-127
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• 2024

Attention and emotion interact intimately. Anxiety, for example, modifies attentional mechanisms to enhance the processing of threat-related information. But how can it modulate attention? Studies of the emotional Stroop task showed clearly that color naming was interfered with more by negative word distractors than by neutral distractors in anxious participants. However, few studies have investigated in what stage an emotional stimulus biases attention. The present study investigated the locus of interference in the emotional Stroop task by manipulating the SOA (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony) between the word distractor and the color target (0ms, 120ms, or 240ms). Results showed that interference occurred only with 0ms of SOA for anxious participants, whereas for non-anxious participants, there was no interference effect. These results support the view that the attentional mechanism was modulated in early stage of information processing by anxiety.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.377-406
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• 2016

Current lists of the Korean emotion words either do not consider word frequency, or only include emotion expression words such as 'joy' while disregarding emotion inducing words like 'heaven'. Also, none of the current lists contains the concreteness level of the emotional words. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a new Korean affect word list that makes up such limitations of the current lists. To do so, in experiment 1, valence, arousal and concreteness ratings of the 450 Korean emotion expression nouns and emotion inducing nouns were surveyed with 399 participants. In addition, in experiment 2, an emotional stroop task was performed with the newly developed word list to test the usefulness of the list. The results showed clear patterns of the congruency effects between emotional words and emotion expressing faces. Increased response times and more errors were found when the emotion of the words and faces are non-matched, than when they were matched. The result suggested that the newly developed Korean affect word list can be effectively adapted to studies examining the influence of various aspects emotion.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-depressive effects of exercise on child and adolescent and its association with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Methods: Twenty nine middle school boys (age $13.3{\pm}0.7$) were divided into two groups, 15 boys for control group and 14 in the experimental group. The control group participated in a regular exercise program, 3 times a week for 15 weeks. During the same period, the experimental group participated in an aerobic exercise program specifically designed to enhance anti-depressive effect of exercise. Serum BDNF level and its performance of each group on the Beck Depression Index (BDI), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Aggression Questionnaire (AK-Q), and Stroop task were compared before and after the exercise program. Results: Scores of BDI, CDI, SCARED, and AK-Q were significantly lower in both groups after the exercise programs compared to those before the programs. The Stroop task performances were significantly improved after the programs. However, there were no significant differences between two exercise programs, except SCARED separation anxiety, AK-Q physical, and verbal aggression scores. Also, no association was found between serum BDNF level and anti-depressive effects of exercise. Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest a possible effect of exercise on depression, anxiety, aggression, and cognition of child and adolescents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.242-250
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate whether Stroop-related cognitive task will be affected according to the preceding affective valence factored by matchedness in response time(RT) and whether facial recognition will be indexed by specific event-related potentials(ERPs) signature in normal person as in patients suffering from affective disorder. ERPs primed by subliminal(30ms) facial stimuli were recorded when presented with four pairs of affect(positive or negative) and cognitive task(matched or mismatched) to get ERP effects(N2 and P300) in terms of its amplitude and peak latency variations. Behavioral response analysis based on RTs confirmed that subliminal affective stimuli primed the target processing in all affective condition except for the neutral stimulus. Additional results for the ERPs performed in the negative affect with mismatched condition reached significance of emotional-face specificity named N2 showing more amplitude and delayed peak latency compared to the positive counterpart. Furthermore the condition shows more positive amplitude and earlier peak latency of P300 effect denoting cognitive closure than the corresponding positive affect condition. These results are suggested to reflect that negative affect stimulus in subliminal level is automatically inhibited such that this effect had influence on accelerating detection of the affect and facilitating response allowing adequate reallocation of attentional resources. The functional and cognitive significance with these findings was implied in terms of subliminal effect and affect-related recognition modulating the cognitive tasks.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between symptom severity and neurocognitive factors in traumatic head injury patients. In addition, the effect of frontal lobe damage on these parameters was examined. Methods : We selected 18 patients who had brain damage for the moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (MSTBI) group, and 17 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) without the finding of brain damage for the comparison group. For the evaluation of neurocognitive function, K-WAIS, Rey-Kim Memory Test, K-FENT, WCST, and MMPI-2 were used. Results : The results of the comparison (using the malingering scale) revealed that the values of PDS and PK, which express the severity of symptoms, and the values of the validity scale F, F (B), and F (P) were significantly higher in the overly-expressed group. F (B) in overly-expressed group and PK, Pt, and Sc in the properly-expressed group had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. F (B), S, and Stroop error inhibition in PTSD, and PK, Pt, Sc, and MQ in MSTBI had significant correlation with the severity of symptoms. The results of the comparison based on the finding of frontal lobe damage revealed that PDS, EIQ, and MQ ware significantly higher in the group without brain damage. Conclusions : It was revealed that each neurocognitive factor was correlated with the severity of symptoms. There was a decrease in complaints or symptoms reported by the frontal lobe injury group, and this is believed to be due to degenerative change in the personality and emotional functioning of these patients following frontal lobe damage.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.233-246
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• 2021

The present study aimed to investigate whether there would be differences in the severity of PTSD symptoms, self and others concepts between trauma types. Among 166 university students, 61 (simple trauma's n = 31, complex trauma's n = 30) finally met the criteria and completed the Life Events Checklist, Impact of the Event Scale-Revised, and the emotional Stroop task. The results were as follows: firstly, PTSD symptoms were higher in complex trauma group than single trauma group. Secondly, response time in the complex trauma group was longer in the condition that the negative word related to 'self' was presented for 2 seconds compared to the single trauma group. These results suggest that the complex trauma group has different features at least in the severity of PTSD symptoms and the concept of the self, compared with the single trauma group. Finally, the therapeutic implications and limitations of the study were discussed.