Acknowledgement
이 논문은 2023년도 건양대학교 학술연구비의 지원에 의하여 연구되었습니다. 연구에 참여한 고려대학교 학생여러분께 감사드립니다.
References
- Armstrong, T., Olatunji, B.O., (2012). Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 32, 704-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.004
- Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., van Ijzendoorn, M.H., (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin. 133, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1
- Bishop, S.J., (2007). Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: an integrative account. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 11, 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2007.05.008
- Bishop, S. J. (2008). Neural mechanisms underlying selective attention to threat. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1129, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1417.016
- Bishop, S. J. (2009). Trait anxiety and impoverished prefrontal control of attention. Nat. Neurosci. 12, 92-98. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2242
- Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Millar, N. H. (2000). Covert and overt orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety. Cognition & Emotion, 14, 789-808. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930050156636
- Bradley, M.M., Keil, A., Lang, P.J., (2012). Orienting and emotional perception: facilitation, attenuation, and interference. Front. Psychol. 3, 493. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.
- Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., Falla, S. J. & Hamilton, L. R. (1998). Attentional bias for threatening facial expressions in anxiety: Manipulation of stimulus duration. Cognition and Emotion. 12, 737-753. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999398379411
- Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Lee, S. C. (1997). Attentional biases for negative information in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(10), 911-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00053-3
- Choi, M. G.(2005). An information processing approach to attentional bias effect in emotional disorder, Korean Journal of Psychology:General 24(1), 217-238.
- Cisler, J. M. & Koster, E. H. W. (2010). Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 30, 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.003
- Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. (2000). Evolutionary psychology and the emotion. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions, 2nd Edition. (pp. 91-115.) NY: Guilford.
- Desimone, R., Duncan, J., (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 193-222. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205
- Dorfman, D. D., Grosberg, J. M., & Kroecher, L. (1965). Recognition of taboo stimuli as a function of exposure time. Journal of personality and social psychology, 2, 552-562. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0022493
- Dudeney, J., Sharpe, L., Hunt, C., (2015). Attentional bias towards threatening stimuli in children with anxiety: a meta-analysis. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 40, 66-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.007
- Etkin, A., Wager, T.D., (2007). Functional neuroimaging of anxiety: a meta-analysis of emotional processing in PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. Am. J. Psychiatry 164, 1476.
- Eysenck, M.W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., Calvo, M.G., (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory. Emotion 7, 336-353. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336
- Holmes, A., Nielsen, M.K., Green, S., (2008). Effects of anxiety on the processing of fearful and happy faces: an event-related potential study. Biol. Psychol. 77, 159-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2007.10.003
- James, W., (1890). Principles of Psychology. (Holt, NY).
- Koster, E. H. W., Verschuere, B., Crombez, G. & Van Damme, S. (2005). Time-course of attention for threatening pictures in high and low trait anxiety. Behav. Res. Ter. 43, 1087-1098 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.08.004
- Krusemark, E.A., Li, W., (2011). Do all threats work the same way? Divergent effects of fear and disgust on sensory perception and attention. J. Neurosci. 31, 3429-3434. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4394-10.2011
- Lipka, J., Miltner, W.H., Straube, T., (2011). Vigilance for threat interacts with amygdala responses to subliminal threat cues in specific phobia. Biol. Psychiatry 70, 472-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.04.005
- MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review. Psychological bulletin, 109(2). 163.
- MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A.M. (2012). Cognitive bias modification approaches to anxiety. Annual review of clinical psychology, 8, 189-217. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143052
- MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.95.1.15
- MacLeod, C., Grafton, B., Notebaert, L., (2019). Anxiety-linked attentional bias: is it reliable? Annual review of clinical psychology. 15, 529-554. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095505
- Mansell, W., Harvey, A., Watkins, E., & Shafran, R. (2008). Cognitive Behavioral Processes Across Psychological Disorders: A Review of the Utility and Validity of the Transdiagnostic Approach. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1(3), '181-191. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2008.1.3.181
- Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2002). Induced processing biases have causal effects on anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 16(3), 331-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930143000518
- McNally, R. J. (2019). Attentional bias for threat: Crisis or opportunity?. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 69, 4-13 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.005
- Mogg, K. & Bradley, B. P. A. (1998). Cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behav. Res. Ter. 36, 809-848. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00063-1
- Mogg, K. & Bradley, B. P. (2016). Anxiety and attention to threat: Cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modifcation. Behav. Res. Ter. 87, 76-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.001
- Mogg, K. & Bradley, B. P. (2018). Anxiety and threat-related attention : cognitive-motivational framework and treatment. Trends Cogn. Sci. 22, 225-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.01.001
- Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Miles, F. & Dixon, R. (2004). Time course of attentional bias for threat scenes: Testing the vigilance-avoidance hyporthesis. Cogn. Emot. 18, 689-700. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930341000158
- Mueller, E., Hofmann, S., Santesso, D., Meuret, A., Bitran, S., Pizzagalli, D.A., (2009). Electrophysiological evidence of attentional biases in social anxiety disorder. Psychol. Med. 39, 1141.
- Mulckhuyse, M. (2018). The influence of emotional stimuli on the oculomotor system: A review of the literature. Cognition. Affect. Behave. Neuroscience. 18, 411-425 . https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-018-0590-8
- Muller, M.M., Andersen, S.K., Keil, A., (2008). Time course of competition for visual processing resources between emotional pictures and foreground task. Cereb. Cortex 18, 1892-1899. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhm215
- Ohman, A., Flykt, A., Esteves, F., (2001). Emotion drives attention: detecting the snake in the grass. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General. 130, 466-478. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.130.3.466
- Okon-Singer, H., (2018). The role of attention bias to threat in anxiety: mechanisms, modulators and open questions. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 19, 26-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.09.008
- Phaf, R. H., & Kan, K.-J. (2007). The automaticity of emotional Stroop: A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38(2), 184-199. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.10.008
- Reinholdt-Dunne, Mogg. K., Bradley, B. (2009). Effects of anxiety and attention control on processing pictorial and linguistic emotional information, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(5), 410-417, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.012.
- Reynolds, J.H., Heeger, D.J., (2009). The normalization model of attention. Neuron 61, 168-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Neuron.01.002.
- Rossignol, M., Campanella, S., Bissot, C., Philippot, P. (2013). Fear of negative evaluation and attentional bias for facial expressions: an event-related study. Brain Cogn. 82, 344-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2013.05.008.
- Spielberger, C.D. Gorsuch R.L. & Lushene, R.E.(1988) State Trait Anxiety Inventory, TEA Ediciones SA, Madrid.
- Staugaard, S.R., (2010). Threatening faces and social anxiety: a literature review. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 30, 669-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.001
- Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054651
- Sussman, T.J., Jin, J., Mohanty, A. (2016). Top-down and bottom-up factors in threatrelated perception and attention in anxiety. Biol. Psychol. 121, 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.08.006
- Van Bockstaele, B., Verschuere, B., Tibboel, H., De Houwer, J., Crombez, G., Koster, E.H. (2014). A review of current evidence for the causal impact of attentional bias on fear and anxiety. Psychol. Bull. 140, 682.
- Veerapa, E., Grandgenevre, P., El Fayoumi, M. et al. (2020). Attentional bias towards negative stimuli in healthy individuals and the effects of trait anxiety. Sci Rep 10, 11826. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68490-5
- Wieser MJ, Keil A. (2020). Attentional threat biases and their role in anxiety: A neurophysiological perspective. Int J Psychophysiol. 153, 148-158. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.004. Epub 2020 May 16. PMID: 32428525.
- Williams, J.M.G., Mathews, A., MacLeod, C., (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychol. Bull. 120, 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.3
- Yiend, J., & Mathews, A. (2001). Anxiety and attention to threatening pictures. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54(3), 665-681. https://doi.org/10.1080/713755991