• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.31
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• pp.241-262
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• 2013

In this study, we select and analyze the slang that is represented in Elistratov's "Dictionary of Russian slang". Through the above analysis, some conclusions were drawn as follows: First, as a social and psychological phenomenon appears universal in all languages, the study of slang generates strict criteria for the analysis. Unlike literary language, listed in the dictionary slang expressions can become obsolete for their short period of usage by native speakers. Therefore, in the following research of the actual data, we have to validate words targeted for analysis. Second, as the result of the analysis it is metaphor for the most part studied rather than metonymy. The semantic derivations as a result of metonymy are used very frequently in real life. But in this study we mainly analyze words, therefore the number of words was less in metonymy than was expected. Third, the basic types of metaphor are appeared as similarity by form, function, and location, and there are varieties of intervening of subjectivity in similarity of emotional impression. Fourth, the metonymy is divided into three cases: the part meaning the whole, the whole meaning the part, and some thing meaning the reality of where it exists. Fifth, not only literary language, but also slang as the 'transitional process' is the most active way of development of new meanings, and there are two methods to transfer main meaning to second meaning.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.629-649
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• 2018

To date, one of the prevailing criticisms of Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe has seen the adventure novel as a celebration of the rise of mercantile capitalism and the beginnings of colonialism. From this point of view, the Englishman has often been interpreted as an early embodiment of the concept of the sovereign economic subject. Prominent social critics who took up this interpretation have included Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Within literary studies proper, the work of Ian Watt offered perhaps the earliest version of this point of view of the novel. Influenced by both Weber and Rousseau, Ian Watt argued that Defoe's wandering protagonist embodies the rise of economic individualism. More recent criticism has tended to challenge this dominant interpretation by laying greater stress on such countervailing factors as Crusoe's mental uncertainty and inner conflict. Drawing inspiration from Fredric Jameson's diagnosis of the ills of late capitalism, this paper analyzes the ways in which Defoe's hero, rather than championing modern rationality, can in fact be seen as suffering from many forms of emotional psychosis. Robinson Crusoe can, after all, be better viewed as a contradictory multi-layered text that, despite its outward valorization of economic individualism, portrays its hero as a victim of negative capitalistic forces, a hero driven by his desire to possess but haunted by a fear of loss, a hero who flaunts inflated feelings of self-worth even as he reveals deflated notions of material insecurity and mental persecution.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.117-133
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• 2018

This article examines Laurence Sterne's Sentimental Journey in the context of eighteenth-century British travel literature. While literary critics generally read Sterne's work as a sentimental novel, contemporary readers initially interpreted the text as a travel narrative. It is my argument that travel writing, particularly the motion entailed in travelling, plays a significant role in Sterne's critical examination of sympathy and its cultural function during this period. By narrating in great detail his narrator Yorick's mobility and the effects it has on his sentimental encounters, Sterne illustrates how sympathy is not only difficult to activate and therefore requires added stimulation in the form of motion, but also does not necessarily result in charitable actions, a moral failure that is dramatized by the literal distance Yorick maintains from the objects of his sympathy. Calling to mind the figurative distance that constitutes an integral part of Adam Smith's formulation of sympathy in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, the distance Yorick establishes through his travels indicates sympathy's failure to bridge the emotional and socioeconomic distance between individuals, thereby highlighting sympathy's limitations as a moral instrument. I argue that by using Yorick's repeated acts of sympathy to explore the problems of sentimentalism, Sterne both draws from and innovates the tradition of employing imaginary voyages to engage in philosophical inquiries.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.273-298
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• 2018

This paper, postulating that Lowell's Imagism is not some "Amygism" that wobbles with "emotional slither," "mushy technique" and "general floppiness" as Pound once mocked, but another kind of poetic discourse that deserves the fullest re-consideration, goes back to the very scene where Pound left for Vorticism, condescendingly allowing Lowell and her supporters to use the name "Imagism" for three years. There, it tries to illuminate how Lowell, making the most of the opportunity given to her, picked up what Pound had left behind, grafted it on the soil of America, and finally fulfilled her literary passion to awaken the common reading public to the taste for poetry reading. For the purpose, it looks into her critical reviews in Tendencies in Modern American Poetry, and stresses her creative critical efforts to re-address Pound's principles of "Imagisme." In particular, given the limit of space, it focuses only on the second principle of her Imagism and examines the modernity of her concepts of "a cadence," "suggestion," and "the real poem beyond." Then it reads "Patterns" in the context of Japanese poetry and Noh drama and analyzes the poetic patterns that Lowell made through a creative adaptation of Japanese aesthetics for Imagist poetics. In doing so, this paper aims to provide reasonable evidences to evaluate the modernity of Lowell's Imagist ars poetica and to consider her a truly serious Imagist poet worthy of a place in the history of American poetic modernism.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.993-1011
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• 2009

Generally, the parts narrated by Esther in Bleak House has been considered less convincing and reliable than those by the anonymous narrator for some problematic qualities in her character and narration. However, Esther's narrative shows Dickens' masterly depiction of emotional deprivation, the psychic consequences of the Victorian sexual repression on its victim. Therefore, to restore the reliability of Esther's narrative is the prerequisite for claiming its value as an appropriate locus of the meanings of the text. On the other hand, the anonymous narrator is not so omniscient as he has been regarded. As the chapters proceed, his omniscient power and authority is conspicuously weakened, and even transferred to other characters such as Esther and Mr. Bucket. This shows that the identity of the omniscient voice is unstable and that Dickens does not intend his voice to be the sole center of meanings of the text. In short, these two narratives are the necessary partners in imagining and understanding the society in its wholeness. Alternating and sometimes intersecting each other throughout the novel, these opposing viewpoints make us see the contradictory multi-leveledness of the Victorian society. The equality of them implies Dickens' notion that more than single unified voice is needed to portray ideological conflicts of his age.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Visual analytics is an emerging research field that combines the strength of electronic data processing and human intuition-based social background knowledge. This study demonstrates useful visual analytics with Tableau in conjunction with semantic network analysis using examples of sentiment flow and strategic communication strategies via Twitter in a blockchain domain. We comparatively investigated the sentiment flow over time and language usage patterns between companies with a good reputation and firms with a poor reputation. In addition, this study explored the relations between reputation and marketing communication strategies. We found that cryptocurrency firms more actively produced information when there was an increased public demand and increased transactions and when the coins' prices were high. Emotional language strategies on social media did not affect cryptocurrencies' reputations. The pattern in semantic representations of keywords was similar between companies with a good reputation and firms with a poor reputation. However, the reputable firms communicated on a wide range of topics and used more culturally focused strategies, and took more advantages of social media marketing by expanding their outreach to other social media networks. The visual big data analytics provides insights into business intelligence that helps informed policies.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2024

The fundamental frequency (f0), representing an acoustic measure of vocal fold vibration, serves as an indicator of the speaker's emotional state and language-specific pattern in daily conversations. This study aimed to examine the f0 distribution in an English corpus of spontaneous speech, establishing normative data for American speakers. The corpus involved 40 participants engaging in free discussions on daily activities and personal viewpoints. Using Praat, f0 values were collected filtering outliers after removing nonspeech sounds and interviewer voices. Statistical analyses were performed with R. Results indicated a median f0 value of 145 Hz for all the speakers. The f0 values for all speakers exhibited a right-skewed, pointy distribution within a frequency range of 216 Hz from 75 Hz to 339 Hz. The female f0 range was wider than that of males, with a median of 113 Hz for males and 181 Hz for females. This spontaneous speech corpus provides valuable insights for linguists into f0 variation among individuals or groups in a language. Further research is encouraged to develop analytical and statistical measures for establishing reliable f0 standards for the general population.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2020

From PC communication to the development of the internet, a new term has been coined on the social media, and the social media culture has been formed due to the spread of smart phones, and the newly coined word is becoming a culture. With the advent of social networking sites and smart phones serving as a bridge, the number of data has increased in real time. The use of new words can have many advantages, including the use of short sentences to solve the problems of various letter-limited messengers and reduce data. However, new words do not have a dictionary meaning and there are limitations and degradation of algorithms such as data mining. Therefore, in this paper, the opinion of the document is confirmed by collecting data through web crawling and extracting new words contained within the text data and establishing an emotional classification. The progress of the experiment is divided into three categories. First, a word collected by collecting a new word on the social media is subjected to learned of affirmative and negative. Next, to derive and verify emotional values using standard documents, TF-IDF is used to score noun sensibilities to enter the emotional values of the data. As with the new words, the classified emotional values are applied to verify that the emotions are classified in standard language documents. Finally, a combination of the newly coined words and standard emotional values is used to perform a comparative analysis of the technology of the instrument.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.319-328
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• 2004

The communication environment made by digital technologies has made it possible to exchange information and deliver messages fast and easily among people of various classes in virtual space beyond time and space. Net-generation, who is accustomed to this virtual space, couldn't be satisfied with the linear text-oriented language any more, and began to make signs by use of computers in order to differentiate itself from others and to express its desires. Among the signs, emoticon created by joint of popular culture and digital communication centering around young generation is a new visual sign and emotional sign that can deliver a sender's feelings contained in a message. This paper has studied social phenomena, their relationships with emoticon and background of its creation through documentary review of media development, changes in the communication environment and popular culture. Furthermore, it has analyzed the meaningful action and roles of emoticon as a sign in terms of semiotics and also, studied a possibility of using emoticon as a new emotional sign. The study results say that emoticon can play the roles of a non-linguistic sign just like general signs that make mutual exchange through meaningful action, and also that it can be used to effectively deliver messages not only in virtual space, but also in advertising, posters, magazines and CI. However, emoticon is better at emotional expressions yet than other textual signs or visual signs, but in order to position itself as a universal and popular sign, emotional expressions should be clear, any difference in understanding messages should be removed, and message delivery should be more efficient.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.245-255
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of 'activity program for effective storytelling' on the empathic ability and language teaching efficacy of a story grandmother. The subjects were 51 beautiful story grandmothers in Gangwon, Gyeongsangdo and Seoul. The research tools used the emotional empathy scale of Jeon(2003), and language teaching efficacy scale of Kim and Lee(2011). As for the research procedure, from March 06 to July 27, 2017, an 'activity program for effective storytelling' was conducted. For data analysis, a t-test of the corresponding sample was conducted to find the difference between the pre- and post-scores of the two variables. As a result of the study, first, the cognitive empathy ability between the story grandmother and the young children after applying the 'activity program for effective storytelling' was higher than that of the dictionary. Second, the language teaching efficacy between the story grandmother and the young children after applying the 'activity program for effective storytelling' was higher than that of the dictionary. Therefore, the 'activity program for effective storytelling' suggests that there is a positive effect on improving the cognitive empathic ability and language teaching efficacy of the story grandmothers.