• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of emotional labor of disabled infant teachers on job stress and to understand the mediated effect of resilience in these relationships. The subject of the study is a disabled infant teacher at a daycare center specialized in disabled children. The survey was conducted on a self-contained basis, and a total of 203 copies were recovered and 194 were analyzed except for 9 unfaithful responses. First, the higher the level of emotional labor, the higher the job stress. Second, the higher the level of emotional labor, the lower the resilience. Third, resilience had a partial mediated effect in the impact of emotional labor on job stress. Therefore, measures are needed to prevent job stress and improve resilience for disabled infant teachers.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.184-196
• /
• 2017

Purpose: We investigated the effects of emotional labor and workplace violence on various physical and mental health outcomes among female workers. Methods: We obtained data from 24,760 female workers who participated in the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships. Results: Female emotional workers were more exposed to workplace violence than were female non-emotional workers. Verbal abuse was the most common type of workplace violence. Logistic regression analyses revealed that (1) emotional labor was significantly associated with higher odds of having musculoskeletal or abdominal pain (physical health outcomes), along with overall fatigue (a mental health outcome), and (2) workplace violence experiences were significantly associated with higher odds of musculoskeletal pain, headache/eye strain, abdominal pain, depression/anxiety disorder, overall fatigue, and insomnia/sleep disturbance, after controlling for covariates. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both emotional labor and workplace violence have negative effects on physical and mental health. However, workplace violence experience has a stronger negative impact on health outcomes than does emotional labor alone. A management system to eradicate workplace violence and programs aimed at managing emotional labor are urgently needed at the organizational level.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.770-780
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the influence of emotional labor, emotional dissonance, and burnout on nurse's turnover intention and examine the effect of job satisfaction on the relationships among emotional labor, emotional dissonance, burnout, and turnover intention. Methods: The sample consisted of 350 nurses recruited from 6 general hospitals in 2 cities in Korea. A multiple-group analysis was utilized. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics 23 and AMOS 20. Results: In the path analysis, turnover intention was directly related to burnout in clinical nurses who had a high job satisfaction (${\beta}=.24$, p=.003), while it was indirectly related to emotional dissonance (${\beta}=.13$, p=.002). In the multiple-group path analysis, turnover intention was directly related to emotional dissonance (${\beta}=.18$, p=.033) and burnout (${\beta}=.26$, p=.002) for nurses with low job satisfaction. Conclusion: These results indicate that manuals and guidelines to alleviate the negative effects of emotional labor, emotional dissonance, and burnout, and to increase job satisfaction are strongly required to reduce turnover intention in nurses at the organizational level as well as at the individual level.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emotional labor and communication competence on geriatric nursing in nurses-related stress in nurses caring for older patients. Methods: The sample consisted of 147 general hospital nurses. Data were analyzed through the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Results: The factors of emotional labor (β=.38, p<.001)and positive communication competence (β=-.20, p=.021) had the greatest influence on the level of stress related to geriatric nursing in nurses caring for older patients. The total explanatory power was 20.3%. Conclusion: It was found that emotional labor and communication competence were influencing factors in the stress related to geriatric nursing. Therefore, to improve nurses' stress related to geriatric nursing, strategies to manage the emotional labor, and to strengthen and develop positive communication competence need to be developed.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.37
• /
• pp.269-293
• /
• 2013

Raising the level of quality of the security industry is an urgent matter. Since security service is provided through direct contact with customers, the security agents' expression of emotion directly influences the evaluation of the security company or their own earnings. So emotion control at customers demand is necessary above all things, and this research established what difference the service career makes in the influence that the security agent's emotional labor exerts on customer orientation, and the results of the analysis are summarized as follows. First, the security agent's emotional labor exerted negative effects on customer orientation. From this, the conclusion that the higher the security agent's emotional labor, the lower the customer orientation, was obtained. Second, the service career showed differences in the effects of the security agent's emotional labor on the customer orientation. In other words, the conclusion that the lower the security agent's service career, the greater effects the emotional labor exerts on the customer orientation, was obtained. In conclusion, in order to raise the level of customer service, systematic education to control the emotional labor of the security agents with low service career is necessary. Particularly, since the emotional labor of new employees is related to the service environment, the improvement of the service environment of the security agents is more important than anything else.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.449-457
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was empirically to reveal the effects of emotional labor and job burnout of the ski resort workers on service level. For the study, a survey of 215 people working in domestic ski resorts was conducted. Emotional labor was composed of two sub-factors: surface acting and deep acting. Service level was composed of three sub-factors: tangibles, responsiveness, endeavor. The following results were obtained by confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis. First, in emotional labor which ski resort worker perceived, surface acting had a positive effect on job burnout, while deep acting had a negative effect on it. Second, surface acting had a positive effect on tangibles and responsiveness of service level and deep acting had a positive effect on tangibles, responsiveness and endeavor of service level. Third, job burnout which ski resort worker perceived had a negative effect on tangibles, responsiveness and endeavor of service level. This study suggested that implications and limitations of the relationship between outcomes and emotional labor which people working at sport organizations such as a ski resort have experienced.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study is an explorative survey to examine emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome among hospital nurses and to examine relationships among them. Methods: Data were collected from 228 nurses working at hospitals using structured questionnaires from September to October, 2014. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 by frequency, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Score of emotional labor was different by work time per week (F=4.03, p=.019), and menstrual amount (F=5.18, p=.006). Level of stress was different by marital status (t=2.29, p=.023), pattern of work (t=-3.63, p<.001), work time per week (F=3.39, p=.035), regularity of menstrual cycle (t=-4.20, p<.001), and exercise frequency (F=4.28, p=.015). Scores of premenstrual syndrome were different by regularity of menstrual cycle (t=-3.18, p=.002), and menstrual amount (F=5.88, p=.003). Emotional labor was related with perceived stress (r=.40, p<.001) and premenstrual syndrome (r=.23, p<.001). Also, perceived stress was related with premenstrual syndrome (r=.33, p<.001). Conclusion: Nurses' emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome were higher than the average. Emotional labor was correlated with stress and premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual syndrome with stress. This study shows that it is necessary to understand these relationships and to search for nursing intervention to ease emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.541-552
• /
• 2019

Recently, social welfare officers are suffering from a lot of job stress due to increasing work and are carrying out emotional labor. This study assessed the effect of emotional labor on the quality of welfare service through a questionnaire survey on 937 civil servants in Sejong city and Chungcheongnam-do provinces. First, social welfare officers experienced more than average level of emotional labor, and they performed more internal behavior than surface behavior. Second, the services provided by the social welfare officers were higher than usual, followed by tangibility, assurance, reliability, empathy, and responsiveness. Third, deeping acting had a positive (+) influence on service quality among the sub-factors of emotional labor. In other words, the quality of service increases as the emotional state itself changes, On the other hand, deeping acting did not affect service quality. In the future, policy responses to excessive work burden of social welfare officers should be needed and a manual for responding to emotional labor should be provided.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.199-208
• /
• 2018

In this study, the impact of the emotional labor on the job satisfaction according to the service characteristics and the patient type was investigated in the 269 dental hygienist. The average score of the emotional labor according to the general characteristics was 2.85 and it was higher in case of the male and in case of the drinkers. The average score of the job satisfaction according to the general characteristics was 3.02 and the female was higher than the male, the older professionals than the younger professionals and the married was higher than the singles. In the emotional labor according to the service characteristics, the dental hygienist was highest than the other professionals and in the job satisfaction according to the service characteristics, it was higher the higher the career and the higher the income. In the emotional labor by patient type, it was highest when the patient was male, when ages were between 20 and 64, and when it was after 7 PM. The job satisfaction by patient type was higher when the patient age was 65 years old or older, when the type of treatment was dental caries and periodontal diseases, when the consultation hour was after 7 PM and when the economic level of patient was high. The job satisfaction was increased when the emotional labor was 'average' but was analyzed as the lowest when the emotional labor was high. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of work characteristics, patient type, and emotional labor on job satisfaction(t = 1.994, p = .047), which had high monthly incomes Patients with older patients (t = 3.027, p = .003), the lower the emotional labor (t = 13.858, p = .000), the higher the job satisfaction. That is, to increase the job satisfaction of the dental health professionals, the effort to make the pleasant working environment should be made considering the emotional labor or the characteristics of patient.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.331-339
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of social support between emotional labor and job satisfaction in clinical nurses. Methods: Participants were 311 clinical nurses and data were collected from July 11th to 18th, 2014. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS 21.0. Results: The job satisfaction indicated a significant relationship to surface-acting (r=-.191, p=.001), deep-acting (r=.179, p=.002) and social support (r=.342, p<.001) respectively. Emotional labor significantly affected job satisfaction (F=11.592, p<.001), and explained 5.4% of the variance in job satisfaction. The social support acted as a moderator on the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction at significant level (F=11.416, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that it is important to develop social support promoting and stress relief program for clinical nurses to improve job satisfaction.