• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.3-11
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• 2013

In smart healthcare service, the accurate and prompt emergency detection and notification are very critical to patients' lives. Since these detection and notification of emergency situation are usually performed by the medical staffs, it is difficult to simultaneously support many patients in real-time. This article presents a methodology for emergency bio-data transmission for smart healthcare using personalized emergency policy. It consists of three steps: In step 1, the bio-data is collected by wireless body area network. In step 2, the decision on emergency is made using personalized emergency policy. In step 3, the emergency message including the health condition information is converted between IEEE 11073 PHD message and HL7 CDA. By doing this, the emergency status of the individual bio-data collected from wireless body area network is detected automatically using personalized emergency policy. When the emergency is detected, the quick emergency rescue service can be provided to the patient by delivering to the emergency notification and the emergency bio-data. We have verified the service and functions of the proposed system architecture by realizing it.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.41-56
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• 2010

Purpose: To compare and analyze current state of domestic and foreign educational program to develop a program and provide basic information for qualitative improvement of the program. Method: Referred to records and used various methods as searching on the Internet. Analyzing methods and standards are as follow : 1) As for the current status of domestic educational program, find out about organizations that conduct the program 2) As for the current status of foreign program, find out about United States, Canada and United Kingdom. 3) As for comparison and analysis, find out about curriculum, subject, the number of people, content, cost and time. Results: In comparison and analysis of subjects and program, United States, Canada and U. K. specified the subjects according to occupations to offer various programs appropriate for special occupational situations whereas domestic program only provide education of CPR and usage of AED. Foreign countries provide sufficient time from 5.5 to 40 hours according to occupations. In contrast, Korea only provide 2-4 hours of educations, which is insufficient to master techniques of first aid. In addition, foreign countries precisely regulate organizations that fulfill the qualification and specific guidelines for content of education. However, Korea doesn't have any standards of qualification or guidelines. Discussion: It is necessary to specify first aid education according to occupations to provide diverse programs. Furthermore, it is necessary to establish nationwide regulations for subjects and content of the programs of the first responder.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2020

Purpose: Agent Orange (AO) is a herbicide and defoliant used by the United States and its military allies during the Vietnam War. Pneumonia is a common cause of death among Vietnam veterans in our hospital. There have been no previous studies researching any association between AO exposure and the prognosis for pneumonia. The primary objective of this study was to investigate associations between AO exposure and 30-day mortality due to pneumonia. The secondary objective was to examine the clinical factors associated with therapeutic outcomes in veterans with pneumonia, and to assess the prevalence of combined diseases in AO-exposed veterans. Methods: This study retrospectively included veteran patients diagnosed with pneumonia in the emergency department and hospitalized between February 2014 and March 2018. The enrolled patients were grouped according to their defoliant exposure history, and the clinical information of defoliant-exposed and non-defoliant-exposed groups were compared. Patients were divided according to 30-day mortality, and significant factors influencing mortality were evaluated by using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. The final multivariate model revealed the effect of AO exposure on therapeutic outcomes of pneumonia. Results: A total of 1006 patients were analyzed. Of these, 276 patients had a history of AO exposure, whereas 730 patients had not been exposed. Factors positively associated with 30-day mortality were malignancy, respiratory rate, blood urea nitrogen, and albumin which was negatively associated with mortality. Conclusion: Exposure to defoliant is not associated with 30-day mortality in patients with pneumonia. However, veterans with defoliant exposure are associated with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, malignancy, and chronic kidney disease.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.43-52
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose the architecture of the policy-based emergency bio data transmission for the smart healthcare service. the medical staff can quickly and accurately monitor the emergency bio data of the remote patient through the proposed architecture. The proposed system consists of three parts: IEEE 11073-based agents and managers performing the aggregation function and transmission function of the bio data; the emergency management server performing the converting function between IEEE 11073 and HL7 and auto-diagnosis function of the policy-based; HL7 medical system based on HL7. Finally, by implementing the proposed system, we shows that the aggregation of the bio data and management of the emergency bio data in the smart healthcare service are possible.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.37-46
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• 2022

Purpose: TThe experiment was designed to compare the efficiency of ventilation between conventional BVM ventilation and a newly devised A-BVM ventilation method with Tidal volume, total ventilation rate, average Ventilation speed, and average Ventilation volume. Methods: 40 Paramedical students who agreed to participate in the study were analyzed. Values were measured using IMB PASS after 2 minutes of Brayden Pro manikin with BVM and A-BVM ventilation. The difference in general characteristics was assessed by t-test and ANOVA and the difference in ventilation methods was analyzed by IBM SPSS. Results: A significant difference was found between the two ventilation methods in terms of tidal volume (t=-11.203, p<.001), ventilation time (t=-3.834, p<.001), and optimum ventilation probability (t=10.770, p<.001). A-BVM ventilation method, rather than BVM ventilation method, showed a value close to the appropriate amount recommended by Korean Advanced Life Support (500~600mL) in tidal volume, and higher in optimum ventilation probability. Conclusion: We could identify the a better mode of ventilation. Further studies on the efficacy of existing BVM ventilation methods as compared to device augmented BVM ventilation methods should be carried out to ensure that adequate ventilation is available to patients in clinical practice.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.105-119
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was attempted to identify the awareness of paramedic students to patients with mental and behavioral disorders and suggest its improvement measures. Methods: Data were collected from the paramedic students after consent to this study through online. The period of data collection was from May 18 to August 1, 2022 and 120 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS statistics 28.0. Results: The level of prejudice of subjects showed 2.73 points and their level of discrimination showed 2.52 points. There was statistically significant difference according to gender, grade, experience of field practice, reason for major selection etc. in prejudice and discrimination levels. There was statistically significant difference according to contact experience to patients, contact place, taking subjects etc. in prejudice and discrimination levels. The high correlation showed between total prejudice and discrimination (r=.853, p<.001). The improvement measures of an awareness about patients were positive role of mass media, better educational contents etc. Conclusion: Paramedic students need to treat patients with mental and behavioral disorders without prejudice and discrimination. Therefore, it needed to develop and apply the various educational programs for paramedic students to be able to improve an awareness about patients with positive role of mass media about them.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.47-60
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the level of communication ability between paramedic students and patients in clinical practice. In addition, it was performed to produce essential data contributing to the qualitative improvement of communication ability. Methods: Data were collected from paramedic students with clinical experience after they provided online consent. Data collection was performed from June 3 to July 12, 2022. One hundred forty-seven questionnaires with 92 items were analyzed using SPSS statistics 28.0. Results: 57.1% of students took communication as a subject despite 92.5% of respondents saying that communication education is necessary for them. The average level of participant communication ability was 4.60 (±1.05) points (measured on a 7-point Likert scale). Among the subdivided communication ability levels, the highest level was demonstrated in the physical examination-related interview (5.36±0.96), and the lowest was shown in the completion part (3.93±1.51). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was found in communication ability level according to school grade (F=4.709, p=.000). The highest correlation (r=.972, p<.001) was obtained between total communication ability and understanding the patient's point of view. Conclusion: Paramedic students should improve their communication skills to serve patients more effectively. Finally, more educational content should be developed on field-based situations in communication courses.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.149-159
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to determine a method to reduce stress in clinical practice by identifying how the empathy and self-regulation capacities of paramedic students influence their stress levels. Methods: Selected articles were statistically analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Data on 172 3rd-year and 4th-year paramedic students in Daejeon were used. The subject's general characteristics (sex, university education, the number of the medical training center, work type, satisfaction with college life, and satisfaction with their major) were analyzed according to empathy and self-regulation ability by t-test and ANOVA. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for the correlation of empathy, self-regulation ability, and clinical practice stress. Hierarchical regression was used for factors influencing clinical practice. Results: Clinical practice stress levels were significantly different between general characteristics of sex (t=3.002, p=0.003), university education (t=2.815, p=0.006), the number of the medical training center (t=-2.998, p=0.003), work type (t=-2.998, p=0.003), satisfaction with college life (t=5.280, p=0.000), and satisfaction with major (t=5.132, p=0.000). Empathy (r=-.520, p<.001) and self-regulation ability (r=-.330, p<.001) significantly negatively correlated with major variables, and the major factor influencing clinical practice stress levels was empathy. Conclusion: Extension of education and various experiences for improving empathy and developing management programs should be performed to decrease clinical practice stress on paramedic students.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.17-32
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• 2023

Purpose: We aimed to identify disaster preparedness, disaster response competency, and willingness to participate in disaster response among university students. Methods: Data were collected from the paramedic students after consent to this study through online. The period of data collection was from June 13 to August 3, 2023 and 207 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 program. Results: The subject's disaster preparedness was 7.67±3.10 out of 15, disaster response competency was 2.79±0.69 out of 5, and willingness to participate in disaster response was 6.06±4.59 out of 15. There was a significant difference in disaster preparedness depending on the disaster education experience (p<.001), in disaster response competency depending on the number of courses completed (p<.05), in willingness to participate in disaster response in cases of disaster experience (p<.05) and number of times disaster education was completed (F=3.146, p=.047). In particular, if the number of disaster training courses completed was three or more, disaster response competency and willingness to participate in disaster response were significantly high. There was a significant positive correlation between the subjects' disaster preparedness and disaster response competency (r=.655, p<.001). Conclusion: Three or more sessions of continuous disaster education is important, it will be necessary to develop educational content that matches the characteristics of the target subjects or college.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.111-124
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• 2012

Emergency room process is very important in the whole hospital processes because it is first diagnosis for patient. Above all, triage is important activity which quickly diagnose the status of emergency patient and sets the priority for treatment. This paper analyzes the treatment process pattern by triage type. The results show that the treatment process after triage such as residence time, diagnosis and checkup type, and joint treatment are dependent on triage types. We can use these analysis results for improving the current triage system and developing the new triage system considering a domestic emergency medical service environment.