• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2018

Marine casualties of small fishing vessels (SFV) of less than 20 tons are frequent in Korea. The analysis was conducted to identify the cause and then prepared reduction plan using the marine casualty statistics of fishing vessels for the last five years from 2012 to 2016 by the Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal to reduce the marine casualties of SFV. According to the analysis of the type of whole vessels occurring marine casualty, fishing vessels accounted for an average 68.0 %; moreover, except for 2014 when M/V SEWOL ferry capsizing occurred, the rate of death and missing due to marine casualties occurred from 68.3 % to 91.2 % in fishing vessels, and an average 79.5 % was found to be urgent need of a measure. Marine casualties occurrence depending on the gross tonnage of fishing vessel was found that the most occurred at less than 5 tons, followed by the order of 5 to 10 tons or less. However, crews who boarded on SFV do not have any training program for them, except for the fishing safety training of fisher who carry out fishing for shipowners and crew of the coastal and offshore fishing vessel in accordance with the safety regulations for fishing vessels in the Fisheries Cooperative Association. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the training program so as to improve the preventive action and then emergency response including the fishing safety compliance with each fishery, safe navigation, machinery inspection and emergency response. Also, an SFV of less than 5 tons of 56,000 vessels is boarded by unqualified fishers. It would also be possible to consider subdividing small boat operator's certificate to enhance their qualifications. It is expected that marine casualties of SFV will be reduced if active efforts are made to improve the safety consciousness of fisher and shipowners as well as the reorganization of fishing safety training and the small boat operator's certificate system.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.43-53
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• 2015

More than 70 percent of the Korean territory consists of mountain area so development of mountain district is essential to urbanize continuously. Thus, technological developments for risk factors and standards and manuals must be needed to prevent mountain disaster. Risk Management Manual should be made and operated in government legislation related to national disaster, but there is still no Emergency Management Standard Manual and Emergency Response-Practical Manual to prevent mountain disaster. This study suggests the improvement plans that are legislated but not established cleary in the field of disaster in urban area. The main items are like as 1) adaptable standard and practical manual to prevent mountain disaster in urban area, 2) reinforcement between managing department and interagency vertically and horizontally in central and local government organization, 3) Personal SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) not EOP (Emergency Operation Plan), 4) considering 13 items selected by Ministry of Public Safety and Security, 5) schematization with personal action plan, 6) check list to do in the event of mountain disaster, and 7) regular practice per quarter.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1765-1769
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• 2008

'96년, '98년 임진강 유역과 경기북부 지역 집중호우를 시작으로 '02년 태풍 "루사", '03년 "매미", '04년 "메기" 등의 영향으로 대규모 수공 구조물의 설계빈도를 초과하는 폭우를 동반하여 전국적으로 사상 유례없는 막대한 홍수피해를 발생시켰다. 이러한 과정에서 "연천댐", "장현, 동막저수지" 붕괴 등 댐 붕괴로 인하여 댐 하류지역의 홍수피해가 크게 발생하여 이에 대한 대처계획 수립 필요성 및 이를 위한 댐 붕괴로 인한 홍수류 해석에 대한 연구가 절실히 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 비상대처계획(Emergency Action Plan, EAP)수립 대상 국가시설물 중 하나인 양양양수발전소 하부댐에 대한 댐 붕괴 해석을 실시하였다. DAMBRK를 통하여 댐 지점의 붕괴유출수문곡선을 산정하였으며, 댐 하류하천 수위분석은 1차원 DAMBRK와 HEC-RAS모형을 이용비교 분석하였고 이를 통하여 댐붕괴로 인한 하류하천 홍수류 해석시 HEC-RAS모형의 적용성을 검토하였다. 검토결과 HEC-RAS모형 계산치가 DAMBRK 모형에 의한 결과 보다 과대하게 산정 되었다. 향후 댐 붕괴로 인한 홍수류 해석을 위한 HEC-RAS모형 모의시 주변지형의 홍수터화 등의 기법을 첨가하여 홍수위 분석이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.669-673
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• 2010

현재 EAP(Emergency Action Plan) 수립 시 가장 많이 사용되는 DAMBRK 모형은 붕괴유출수문곡선 유도 시 댐 재료 특성을 고려하지 않지만, BREACH 모형은 댐 축조재료 특성과 유사이송능력을 고려하여 붕괴유출수문곡선을 산정하기 때문에 물리적으로 BREACH 모형이 흙댐의 붕괴특성을 실제와 더욱 유사하게 추적할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 두 모형을 안동댐(흙댐)에 적용하여 첨두유출량, 첨두유출 발생시간, 붕괴 시작, 붕괴 완료 시간 등의 댐 붕괴시 유출특성을 비교하였다. 적용 결과 BREACH 모형은 붕괴가 매우 서서히 진행되다가 일정수위에 도달하게 되면 급격하게 붕괴유출량의 증가폭이 커지는 데 비하여 DAMBRK 모형은 붕괴 시작과 동시에 붕괴유출량이 급격하게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 최대총유출량은 BREACH 모형이 DAMBRK 모형에 비해 약 5% 작게 산정되었지만, 34시간까지의 유출 총량은 DAMBRK 모형에 비하여 BREACH 모형이 약 16% 크게 나타났다. 두 모형의 붕괴유출수문곡선 비교를 통하여 댐 제체의 재료특성이 유출특성에 미치는 영향을 파악할 수 있었지만, 더 정확한 영향성을 파악하기 위하여 지속적인 비교연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.26-32
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• 2013

The best way to prevent major occupational accidents is prohibiting use of hazardous substances such as flammable gas, toxic gas whereas using alternative substances that ensured safety. but if there are no economic efficiency and substituting technologies of alternative substances, the best way is preparing to prevent accidents thoroughly. Therefore, this study has developed and selected release scenarios to use and apply for consequence analysis and emergency action plan for HF charging process of chemical plants that have HF release accidents and high probability of release accidents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2016

기후변화로 인한 기온과 강수량의 변화는 국지적이고 집중적인 강우를 유발하게 되었고 이로 인하여 외수범람에 의한 제내지 침수로 인한 피해가 증가하고 있다. 따라서 제내지의 침수로 인한 피해를 예측하기위한 기술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 하천제방의 파쇄로 인한 홍수량이 제내지에서 어떤 경로로 침수-확산되는지를 파악하기 위하여 홍수의 침수경로를 모의할 수 있는 분포형홍수범람모형인 SIMOD(Simplified Inundation MODel) 모형을 개발하였다. 침수경로를 모의하기 위하여 홍수가 발생된 시점에서 그리드화된 주변셀로의 홍수전의를 위하여 주변셀과의 경사를 이용하여 차등 분배하는 다중흐름방향법(Multi Direction Method, MDM)과, 하나의 낮은 고도의 셀에서 수위가 높아져 인접셀보다 수위가 증가하면 그 수위는 인접 셀들과 균등해 진다는 가정인 평수가정법(Flat-Water Assumption, FWA)을 적용하였다. 모형의 평가를 위하여 가상시나리오를 설정하여 대상지역에서 시간에 따른 침수범위를 산정하였다. SIMOD 모형은 지형도(DEM)와 유입 홍수량의 간단한 입력자료를 이용하기 때문에 모의시간을 현저하게 단축시킬 수 있다. 강우-유출 모형 또는 제방붕괴 모형 등을 통해서 유입되는 홍수량만 파악을 할 수 있다면 수 분 내에 결과를 예측할 수 있다. 따라서 EAP(Emergency Action Plan)과 같은 도심지에서 침수로 인한 대피 계획을 수립하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.150-159
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• 2008

The marine litter generated as by-products of human activities and economic development enters to the sea through rivers or stream Indirectly, and through sea-based activities directly. It is commonly comprised of materials that degrade very slowly, such as various plastic products, polystyrene, glass, rubber, metal, wood, derelict fishing nets, wire, rope and so on. Such litter is found in the water column and on the seafloor as well as coastal areas In the Northwest Pacific region. It causes injury or death of human and other living organisms and also accident or damage of the vessel. It is not only a problem of country but also regional and/or global problem because it is transported by currents and winds from one country to another. In this regard, Northwest Pacific Action Plan (NOWPAP) Marine Litter Activity (MALITA) project had been carried out during 2006-2007 biennium and NOWPAP Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter (RAP MALI) has been also continuously implemented in the 2008-2009 biennium as next phase step of MALITA. MERRAC, one of four Regional Activity Centres (RACs) of NOWPAP, has developed monitoring guidelines, sectoral guidelines, and brochures related to sea-based marine litter and port reception facilities and services through MALITA project. Based upon these output, MERRAC will continuously implement relevant activities of RAP MALI in order to help to establish and improve a regional mechanism to deal with the sea-based marine litter problem. This paper aims to introduce MERRAC activities under MALITA and RAP MALI, and to suggest several recommendations to reduce marine litter in the NOWPAP region.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.369-377
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• 2018

EAP, which is operated on the frame of Risk Alarm 4-stage of National Risk Management Guideline, is a critical method in order to promptly respond to disasters. Korea Flood Control Office issues major and moderate flood alarm at each river station by respectively 50% and 70% of design flood discharge in terms of watermark or sea level, however, the criteria deciding major and moderate floods are vague for field managers to control the disaster situations. On the other hand, Japan and USA use river water level as a main criterion in order to classify the stage of flood disaster, which is higher design flood level than Korea. Thus, the authors analyzed domestic and oversea EAP guidelines and suggested improved criteria showing easy display method and raising the criteria of flood level for reflecting more effective action plans through testing a simulation training on the test-bed.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.89-107
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• 2008

Marine environment is subject serious destruction because of frequent accidents during exploration of marine resources and overseas transport. Also, as many industrial enterprises discharge high volume of wastes and contamination, marine pollution has become a serious threat to people (especially in China). China is quickly becoming a world economic leader of the 21st century. Rapid industrialization and social changes have raised the standard of living of millions of the Chinese, mainly in the areas of East and South East coast. The process of industrialization, however, is often followed by deterioration of the marine environment and rarely turned around until a country has increased its standard of living. Solving these array of problems will take decades and currently the government is addressing minor specific issues only. Fortunately, the Chinese government has enacted a number of marine pollution control laws. On 25 December 1999, the 13th Session of the Ninth Standing Commettee of the National People's Congress passed the amended the Marine Environment Protection Law of the People's Republic of China. This Law establishes rights and responsibilities of the relevant departments concerning marine environment management and provides for two new chapters on "Marine Environment Supervision" and "Marine Ecological Protection", along with "Supervision of Pollution Prevention for Marine Construction Projects", "Marine Ecological Protection" and "Marine Environment Pollution Prevention for Marine Construction Projects". Also, the Law was amended with provisions for integrated pollution discharge control system and oil spillage emergency response plan and enhanced legal responsibilities. Chinese government recognizes that international and national experience can be useful for China to prevent further ecological degradation of the marine environment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.433-447
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• 2023

There is a growing demand for the stability of existing dams due to abnormal climate and the aging of dams. Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) for reservoir or dam failure only consider a single rainfall event. Therefore, this study simulates dam failure caused by continuous rainfall events, and proposes the establishment of EAP by selecting the optimal shelters. We define a mega rainfall event scenario caused by continuous rainfall events with 500-year frequency in the Chungju Dam watershed and estimate the mega flood. The mega flood event scenario is divided into two cases: scenario A represents the flooding case caused by discharge release from a dam, while scenario B is the case of a dam break. As a result of flood inundation analysis, the flooded damage area by the scenario A is 50.06 km² and the area by the scenario B is 6.1 times of scenario A (307.45 km²). We select optimal shelters for each administrative region in the city of Chungju, which has the highest inundation rate in the urban area. Seven shelter evaluation indicators from domestic and foreign shelter selection criteria are chosen, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to evaluate the alternatives. As a result of the optimal shelter selection, the six shelters are selected and five are schools. This study considers continuous rainfall events for inundation analysis and selection of optimal shelters. Also, the results of this study could be used as a reference for establishment of the EAP.