• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1394-1406
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• 2015

The AT motif-binding factor (ATBF1) not only interacts with protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (PIAS3) to suppress STAT3 signaling regulating embryo early development and cell differentiation, but is required for early activation of the pituitary specific transcription factor 1 (Pit1) gene (also known as POU1F1) critically affecting mammalian growth and development. The goal of this study was to detect novel nucleotide variations and haplotypes structure of the ATBF1 gene, as well as to test their associations with growth-related traits in goats. Herein, a total of seven novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (SNP 1-7) within this gene were found in two well-known Chinese native goat breeds. Haplotypes structure analysis demonstrated that there were four haplotypes in Hainan black goat while seventeen haplotypes in Xinong Saanen dairy goat, and both breeds only shared one haplotype (hap1). Association testing revealed that the SNP2, SNP5, SNP6, and SNP7 loci were also found to significantly associate with growth-related traits in goats, respectively. Moreover, one diplotype in Xinong Saanen dairy goats significantly linked to growth related traits. These preliminary findings not only would extend the spectrum of genetic variations of the goat ATBF1 gene, but also would contribute to implementing marker-assisted selection in genetics and breeding in goats.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2014

낙엽송의 성숙배로부터 최대 부정아 유도는 LP배지에 1.0 mg/L zeatin이 첨가된 처리구(76.1%)였으며, 2 mm 이상의 신초생장을 위한 효과적인 처리구는 Litvay(LM)배지에 0.5 mg/L zeatin(75.2%)을 첨가하거나, 혹은 Quoirin & Lepoivre(LP)배지에 2.0 mg/L zeatin(70.2%)에서 각각 나타났다. 배지의 염류함량을 반으로 줄인 부정아 유도 시험에서는 1/2LP배지에 1.0(83.3%) 혹은 2.0 mg/L(81.7%) zeatin을 첨가한 처리구에서 높은 유도율을 보였으나, 2 mm 이상의 신초생장을 위한 효과적인 처리구는 1/2LM배지에 1.0 mg/L zeatin(66.7%)에서였다. 배지의 염류함량을 반으로 줄인 부정아 유도 시험에서는 1/2LP배지에 1.0(83.3%) 혹은 2.0 mg/L(81.7%) zeatin을 첨가한 처리구에서 높은 유도율을 보였으나, 2 mm 이상의 신초생장을 위한 효과적인 처리구는 1/2LM배지에 1.0 mg/L zeatin(66.7%)에서였다. 그리고 1.0 mg/L zeatin처리구에서 2주배양 후 1.0 mg/L thidiazuron(TDZ) 처리구로 2주간 배양할 때 가장 높은 52.9%의 부정아 유도율을 보였으나 평균 부정아 유도수는 낮게 나타났다. 부정아유도를 위한 에틸렌활성제 혹은 억제제 첨가시험에서는 최대 부정아 유도율은 1.0 mg/L zeatin+2.0 mg/L MGBG(methylglyoxal bis-[guanylhydrazone])가 첨가된 처리구(34.6%) 였으며, 평균 최대 부정아 유도수는 1.5개를 보인 1.0 mg/L zeatin+2.0 mg/L $CoCl_2$ 처리구에서 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.110-114
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• 1981

고려인삼의 배 및 기엽조직편에서의 Callus의 유기및 기관의 분화에 지치는 NAA, 2,4-D 및 BA의 영향을 구명하는 한편 인삼의 영양번식방법을 찾고져 본 실험을 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. NAA는 발근에 탁칠한 효과를 보었는데 NAA의 농도가 높을수록 발근량은 증가되었으며 NAA, 2.0mg/l 이상을 첨가한 배지상에서는 줄기의 양단에서 모두 발근하는 경우도 있었다. 2. NAA 4.0ppm까지는 NAA의 정도를 지연시킬수록 Callus의 생장량은 직선적인 증가를 보였으며 엽보다는 기편에서 Callus가 잘 유기되었고 생장도 빨랐으나 Callus의 유기 및 생장에는 NAA보다는 2,4-D가 현저히 효과적이었다. 3. BA는 발근을 억제하는 효과가 현저하였으며, BA 단독으로는 Callus를 유기하는 효과가 전혀 없었으나 BA를 NAA나 2,4-D와 조합처리할 경우 Callls의 유기 및 생장이 배이상 촉진되었는데 Callus의 유기 및 생장을 촉진시키는 교호효과는 NAA와 BA보다는 2,4-D와 BA간에서 현저히 높았다. 4. 배배양에 있어서 NAA 2.0mg/l를 첨가한 배지상에서늘 기의 발생이 현저히 많았던 바 4개 이상의 기이 발생된 개체의 비율이 22.2%였고 8개 이상의 기이 발생된 개체도 있었다. NAA8.0mg/l 첨가한 배지상에서도 기엽은 정상적인 생장을 보였으나 뿌리의 발생량이 아주 많았고 기의 기부에 상당량의 Caillus도 생성되었다. 5. 3매의 소엽이 부착된 기을 1.5cm의 길이로 절단하여 NAA 1.0mg/l를 첨가한 Blayde의 한천배지에 이식하였던 바 기의 기부에서 다수의 뿌리가 발생하여 정상적인 인삼묘를 얻을 수 있었는데 이 실험의 결과는 인삼의 영양번식의 가능성을 명백히 시사하고 있다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.241-245
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• 1994

조직배양에 의한 두릅나무 종묘의 대량생산을 목적으로 체세포배의 발아에 효과적인 배지 및 생장조철제의 적정조건을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 배지는 MS매지가 채세포배의 발아에 가장 효과적이었으며(65%) 그 중애서도 무기염류의 농도를 1/4로 감소하고 당농도도 1%로 줄인 MS배지에서 발아 및 기관생장인 양호하였다. 2. Gelling agent는 gelrite $0.2{\sim}0.3%$ 처리에서 발아가 촉진되었으며 $(65{\sim}70%)$ shoot 및 root의 생장도 양호하였다. 3. Cytokinin은 $0.1mg/{\ell}$의 BA와 kinetin처리에서 발아율$(65{\sim}70%)$과 신초 및 뿌리 의 길이 및 건물중이 높게 나타났다. 4. Polyamine의 효과에 대한 실험결과 putrescine $1mg/{\ell}$과 5$mg/{\ell},\;spermidine\;10mg/{\ell}$ 처리에서 체세포배의 발아(90%) 및 기관생장이 양호하였으며 분화식물의 투명화도 억제되었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2024

Betta rubra, classified as endangered fish species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), has been successfully bred and raised in captivity for two generations under laboratory conditions. This study aimed to provide comprehensive information on the captive breeding of B. rubra, focusing on various parameters crucial for ex-situ conservation and domestication. The research involved breeding trials, embryo and larvae observation, first feeding experiments, larva and fry rearing trials, and the evaluation of growth and reproduction in two generations. The study revealed that the female B. rubra, with an average total length of 5.17 ± 0.15 cm and weight of 1.61 ± 0.06 g, produced an average of 73.67 ± 7.09 eggs, 34.33 ± 5.13 total larvae, and exhibited a hatching rate of 46.67 ± 5.77%. The embryogenesis process commenced on the day of spawning (dps) and continued until the eggs hatched at 6 dps. Larvae development and yolk absorption occurred from 0 to 6 days post-hatching (dph). The study also examined the impact of different initial feeding options, with chopped Tubifex resulting in the most significant in- crease (p < 0.05) in length. The growth pattern of B. rubra larvae showed slow initial growth during the first seven days, followed by a rapid exponential growth phase from day 8 to day 39. Two generations of B. rubra (G1 and G2) were successfully bred in captivity, with G2 showing a better tendency for growth in length and weight compared to G1. Notably, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in reproductive success between the wild-origin broodstock (G0), G1, or G2. This research contributes valuable insights into the captive breeding of B. rubra and its early life stages, offering critical information for the conservation and sustainable management of this endangered species. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of domestication on behavior, physiology, and phenotypic diversity.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

본 연구에 사용된 공시축은 2013년 1월부터 2014년 12월까지 국립축산과학원 가축유전자원센터에서 사육 중인 모색을 기준으로 동일연령인 일반한우(황우), 백한우 및 복제소 18두(황우 10두, 백우 7두 그리고 복제소 1두)를 대상으로 혈액학적 수치를 확인하였다. 동일연령의 복제소와 백한우의 성장 단계별 혈액학적 검사 결과에서 1년 이하에서 1~2년으로 연령이 증가됨에 따라 RBC 관련 6개의 인자의 측정수치가 정상치 범위내 임을 확인했다. 또한 일반한우와의 비교에서도 차이점이 인정되지 않았다. 하지만, 복제소를 포함하는 백한우군와 일반 한우군 간의 RBC($11.2{\sim}10.1{\times}10^6/{\mu}l$, $12.0{\sim}10.3{\times}10^6/{\mu}l$로)와 PL치($592{\sim}448{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$, $589{\sim}450{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$로)에서 각각 유의성 있는 감소(P<0.05)가 인정되었다. 또한, 복제소와 백한우의 백혈구계 검사 결과에서도 1년 이하에서1~2 년으로 연령이 증가함에 따라 WBC 수치($12.0{\sim}11.1{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$, $12.5{\sim}10.0{\times}10^3/{\mu}l$)가 감소했지만, 정상치 범위 내의 결과를 확인했다. 백혈구 분포의 백분율에서는 전반적으로 복제소 및 백한우의 림프구가 41.0~39.0%, 43.1~41.6%이며, 분엽형 호중구 수치는 32.0~29.0%, 33.9~30.9%로 나타났다. 일반 한우군과 복제소를 포함하는 백한우군 간의 백혈구계의 림프구 수치의 비교에서는 백한우군(41.6%)로, 일반한우(45.1%)에 비하여 유의적으로 낮음(P<0.05)을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 백한우의 귀체세포 유래의 복제소의 혈액학적 분석 결과로 건강상에 문제점이 없음을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2007

Proteins and lipids not only provide a source of energy to the cell, but also play vital roles in modifying the physical properties and function of the biological membranes. In the present study, we investigated the biochemical constituents, viz. proteins and lipids, in growing oocytes of goat antral follicles during summer and winter seasons. Goat genitalia in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) were brought to the laboratory within one hour of slaughter under aseptic conditions at $37^{\circ}C$. Oocytes were aspirated from normal small (<3 mm in diameter) and large (>3 mm) follicles and pooled for biochemical estimations. A significant increase in the amount of protein and lipid was observed with the growth of the oocyte. The amount of protein varied non-significantly with the season, while the amount of lipid varied significantly. The amounts of phospholipid, cholesterol, free fatty acid, and triglyceride increased with the growth of the oocyte, but no significant effect of season in these constituents was observed. Lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, and sterols were the polar lipids identified in both oocytes prepared from small follicles (small oocytes) as well as large follicles (large oocytes). In addition, the small oocytes also contained phosphatidyl serine, while large oocytes contained phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate and phosphatidyl inositol. Among non-polar lipids, triglycerides and long chain alcohols appear only in small oocytes and not in large oocytes. Monoglycerides, 1,2-diglycerides, 1,3-diglycerides and o-dialkyl glycerol ethers, fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, and wax esters were identified in both small and large oocytes. Information on biochemical composition of growing oocytes is relevant to oocyte and embryo competence, culture and cryopreservation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.495-499
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• 2006

In our previous studies, we demonstrated that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) enhances bovine oocyte maturation and early embryonic development in serum supplemented media. In this experiment, to determine the synergistic effect of VEGF with serum components on early embryonic development in vitro in cattle, 1 mg/ml polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) was replaced with foetal bovine serum (FBS) in maturation and culture media. Bovine oocytes were matured in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid (SOF) supplemented with PVA, PVA+5 ng/ml of VEGF, FBS, or FBS+VEGF. Fertilized oocytes were cultured in the same conditions for 8 days. The development of embryos was examined at 48 h post- insemination and on days 6, 7 and 8. The results were analyzed using repeated measures two- factor ANOVA, in which the effects of VEGF and serum were assigned as two factors. The development rate to 4- to 8-cell embryos at 48 h was significantly higher in the PVA+VEGF group than in the PVA group (44.7% and 31.5%, respectively). However, the highest development rate to 4- to 8-cell embryos was obtained from the FBS+VEGF group (58.8%). On day 8, the blastocyst rates were higher in the PVA+VEGF (22.8%), FBS (32.1%, p<0.05) and FBS+VEGF (42.1%, p<0.05) groups than in the PVA group (17.1%). Two- factor ANOVA of the development rates indicates that VEGF had a significant effect, but had no synergistic effect with serum components on early embryonic development. The results of the present study demonstrate that VEGF improves the in vitro developmental competence of bovine oocytes and/or embryos independent of the effect of serum components.

• ALGAE
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2012

Germanium dioxide ($GeO_2$) has been used for many years in the cultivation of red and green algae as a means of controlling the growth of diatoms. Brown algae are sensitive to $GeO_2$, however, the basis of this sensitivity has not been characterized. Here we use embryos of $Fucus$ $vesiculosus$ to investigate morphological and physiological impacts of $GeO_2$ toxicity. Morphometric features of embryos were measured microscopically, and physiological features were determined using pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. At 5 mg $L^{-1}$ $GeO_2$, embryos grew slower than controls and developed growth abnormalities. After 24 h, initial zygote divisions were often oblique rather than transverse. Rhizoids had inflated tips in $GeO_2$ and were less branched, and apical hairs were deformed, with irregularly aligned, spheroidal cells. Minimum fluorescence ($F_0$) showed minor differences over the 10 days experiment, and pigment levels (chlorophylls $a$, $c$ and total carotenoids) showed no difference after 10 days. Optimum quantum yield increased from ca. 0.52 at 24 h to 0.67 at 5 days, and $GeO_2$-treated embryos had higher mean values (significant at 3 and 5 days). Optimum quantum yield of photosystem II (${\Phi}_{PSII}$) was stable in control thalli after 5 days, but declined significantly in $GeO_2$. Addition of silica (as $SiO_2$) did not reverse the effects of $GeO_2$. These results suggest that $GeO_2$ toxicity in brown algae is associated with negative impacts at the cytological level rather than metabolic impacts associated with photosynthesis.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2010

Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) is a kinds of persistent organic pollutants, and have the potential toxicity of which is causing great concern. In this study, we employed Oryzias latipes embryos to investigate the developmental toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)s compound using flowthrow system for 14 day. O. latipes embryos were exposed to solvent control, 20, 40 and 80 mg/L of PFOS and 62.5, 130, 260 mg/L of PFOA respectively. After exposure, hatchability, mortality, total length and heart beats were examined. Hatching rates were reduced approximately 27% in the 80 mg/L PFOS-treated group and 17% in the 62.5, 130 mg/L PFOA-treated groups. Heart beats in the PFOS-treated groups were reduced at 7 day but, PFOA-treated groups were increased heart beats. 80 mg/L PFOS treated group showed significant reduction in growth (total length) level to 90% of control. But PFOA did not showed significant effect on growth. In the 14 days $LC_{50}$ of PFOS and PFOA was 22.74 mg/L and 173 mg/L, respectively. The overall results indicated that the early stage of O. latipes might be a reliable model for the testing of developmental toxicity to perfluorinated chemicals.