• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.392-393
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• 2003

우리나라의 폐기물 발생총량은 꾸준히 증가추세를 보이는 가운데, 최근 생활폐기물의 처리현황을 보면 재활용이나 소각이 매년 증가하고 있다. 쓰레기 소각율이 높아지고 대형 소각시설이 증가하면서부터 소각 후에 발생하는 도시 소각재의 처리 및 재활용의 문제가 중요한 관심사가 되고 있다. 소각재의 효과적이고 안전한 취급을 위해서는 그것의 화학적 성질에 관한 지식이 중요하다. Kirby and Rimstldt$^{[1]}$ 는 Charlotte (USA)에 소재하는 두 곳의 소각로에서 나온 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) ash를_체계적으로 분석하여 화학적 조성에 대한 연구를 행한 바 있다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.63-70
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• 1989

The ion beam extracted from the AuGe liquid metal ion source was implanted into GaAs substrate. The surface composition and the structure of ion implanted samples were investigated by AES, RHEED, SEM and EPMA. The depth profiles measured by AES were compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulation based on the two-body collision. As the results of AuGe ion implantation the preferential sputtering of As were revealed by AES and EPMA, and the outdiffusion of Ga and Ge was investigated by 300$^{circ}C$ annealing. The Au and Ge depth profiles measured by AES agreed with the results of Monte Carlo simulation based on the two-body collision.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2011

Mica-type phyllosilicate particles in the shales of the Manhang formation at the Taeback area in the Kangwon Province were studied using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average chemical formula of the mica-type phyllosilicate mineral analysed by EPMA is $K_{1.35}(Fe_{0.18}Mg_{0.03}Al_{3.86})(Si_{6.55}Al_{1.45})O_{20}(OH)_4$. Low K contents compared to the ideal chemistry of muscovite indicate the presence of illite in the mica-type phyllosilicate particle. X-ray diffraction study showed that pyrophyllite commonly coexists with muscovite in the shales from the Manhang Formation. TEM observations showed both the interlayer and intralayer mixing of $9.3-{\AA}$ pyrophyllite and $10-{\AA}$ muscovite layers. The low K content of the mica-type phyllosilicates apparently come from the close mixing of pyrophyllite and muscovite.

• Clean Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.57-61
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• 2003

A novel nitric acid-free desmut solution has been developed to remove smut, which is produced from a NaOH etching, on the surface of aluminum alloy metal in metal surface treatment processes. Comparing with the performance of 5% $HNO_3$ desmut solution, the mixed acid solution containing 2% $H_2O_2$, 0.5% HF, and 10% $H_2SO_4$ shows the same effect of smut removal for aluminum alloy samples of A16061 and A15052. To examine the surface alterations of the aluminum samples, in addition, the surface analysis is carried out with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA).

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2006

An electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) investigation can provide quantitative and qualitative insight into the nature of the surface and bulk chemistry on solidified waste forms(SWF). The proportion of Pb in grain areas is below 0.3 wt. %, and the proportion near the border of the grain slightly increases to 0.98 wt. % but in the inter-particle areas farther from the grain, the concentration of Pb markedly increases. It is apparent that very little Pb diffuses into the tricalcium silicate($C_3S$) particles and most of the Pb exists as precipitates of sulfate, hydroxide, and carbonate in the cavity areas between $C_3S$ grains. Calcite additions on Pb-doped SWF are also observed to induce deeper incorporation of lead into the cement grains with EPMA line-analysis of cross-sections of cement grains. The line-analysis reveals the presence of $0.2{\sim}5$ weight % Pb over $5\;{\mu}m$ from cement grain boundaries. In the inter-particle areas, the ratio of Ca, Si, Al and S to Pb is relatively similar even at some distance from the grain border and the Pb (wt. %) ratio is reasonably constant throughout the whole inter-particles area. It is apparent that the enhanced development of C-S-H on addition of calcite can increasingly absorbs lead species within the silica matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2006

In this Paper, ZnO films mixed with iron oxide were prepared by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The chemical composition and structural properties as a function of the Fe atomic ratio in the deposition solution were studied. Zinc acetate and ferrous chloride were used as precursors of Zn and Fe, respectively. Fe atomic ratio to Zn varied from 0.15 to 10.0. Substrate temperature was fixed at $250^{\circ}C$. The crystallographic properties and surface morphologies of the films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out to analyse the chemical composition and state of Zn and Fe atoms.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.91.2-91.2
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• 2012

The TiB2-reinforced iron matrix nanocomposite (Fe-TiB2) was in-situ fabricated from titanium hydride (TiH2) and iron boride (FeB) powders by a simple and cost-effective process that combines the mechanical activation (MA) and a subsequent heat treatment (HT). Effect of milling factors and synthesized temperatures on the formation of the nanocomposite were presented and discussed. A differential thermal analyser (DSC-TG) was employed for examination of thermal behavior of MAed powders. Phases of the nanocomposite were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The morphologies and microstructure of nanocomposite were investigated by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Phase composition and distribution were analyzed by electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). Results showed that TiB2 particles formed in nanoscale were uniformly distributed in alloyed Fe matrix.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.658-659
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• 2006

Magnetron sputtered TiN, (Ti, Al)N and TiN/(Ti, Al)N multilayer coatings grown on cemented carbide substrates have been characterized by using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), nanoindentation, scratcher and cutting tests. Results show that TiN coating is bell mouth columnar structures, (Ti, Al)N coating is straight columnar structures and the modulation structure has been formed in the TiN/(Ti, Al)N multilayer coating. TiN/(Ti, Al)N multilayer coating exhibited higher hardness, better adhesion with substrate and excellent cutting performance compared with TiN and (Ti, Al)N coating.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 2002

Muscovite, chlorite and biotite in metapelites of the Ogcheon Hetamorphic Belt are studied using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), backscattered electron images (BEI) of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and lattice fringe images of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These minerals are observed to be intergrown under a polarized light microscope and are apparently interlayered below EPMA resolution; EPMA data often indicate mixtures of phyllosilicates such as muscovite/chlorite (M/C), biotite/chlorite (B/C), muscovite/pyrophyllite/chlorite (M/P/C). biotite/pyrophyllite/chlorite (B/P/C) or biotite/muscovite/chlorite (B/M/C). BEI observations show that the three minerals (muscovite, chlorite and biotite) are mixed at various scales in a grain through the garnet zone, and the interlayering of the three minerals are observed from TEM lattice fringe images and selected area electron diffraction patterns. The result of TEM observations reveals that 7-$\AA$ layers (serpentine, precursor of chlorite) are interlayered within 10-$\AA$ layers (muscovite) at 100~200 $\AA$ scale as well as M/C in the chlorite zone. The 7-$\AA$ layers become smaller in size and less frequent in the biotite tone, and 10-$\AA$ layers are interlayered with chlorite (14 $\AA$) at an individual layer scale. The 7-$\AA$ layers are no longer observed in the garnet zone, and 10-$\AA$ layers (biotite) are interlayered with chlorite (B/C) at 50~100 $\AA$ scale. Relatively large scale (1000~2000 $\AA$) of intergrowth is also frequently observed from the garnet zone samples. However, rocks from all three metamorphic zones show interlayering of a few units of 7-, 10- and 14-$\AA$ layers with each other at TEM observations. The result of this study implies that metamorphic minerals such as muscovite, chlorite and biotite form through disequilibrum mineral reactions resulting in inhomogenious phases.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.228-237
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• 2001

It is well known that glass-ionomer cement and compomer can release fluoride which can inhibit the progression of dental caries. The purposes of this study were to evaluate whether the fluoride from fluoride-containing filling materials can penetrate the dentin bonding adhesive and the dentin bonding adhesive can increase the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer. The amount of fluoride release from resin-modified glass ionomer and compomer was measured during 28 days of period and statistically analyzed by t-test. The bond strength of each material with/without dentin bonding adhesive was measured and also statistically analyzed by t-test. The distribution of fluoride from each material into the tooth was explored by electron probe microanalysis system(EPMA). The experimental teeth used were second primary molars about to exfoliate. The amount of fluoride release from each material was diminished by dentin bonding adhesive during 28 days(p<0.05) and the bond strength was not increased by dentin adhesive in resin-modified glass ionomer. The bond strength of group VI was not detectable. The distribution of fluoride from each material into teeth was according to dentino-enamel junction and dispersed into pulp from pulpal floor. The widest distribution was shown in resin-modified glass ionomer cement filled without the application of dentin bonding adhesive.