• Composites Research
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2019

정적인 상태인 체외 환경(in vitro)에서의 세포배양 과정은 실제 생체 내 환경에서의 세포발달과정과는 많은 차이가 존재한다. 따라서, 체내 환경의 정밀한 모사를 위해서는, 기계적인 자극을 세포에 전달하여 줄 수 있는 동적 세포배양장치가 필수적이다. 하지만 기존의 동적 세포배양장치에는 튜브, 펌프, 모터 등의 비교적 복잡한 장치들을 필요로 하였으며, 전달되는 기계적 자극도 단순한 형태였다. 본 연구에서는 단순한 장치로 구동되는 동적 세포배양장치를 위하여 전기활성고분자(EAP) 구동기를 동력원으로 하는 소형 동적 세포배양장치를 설계하였다. 이 장치는 다양한 기계적 자극을 세포에 전달하는 것이 가능하다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2010

Objectives: The study aims to look into how the application of EA(Electro-acupuncture) in the initial step of ischemic brain injury affects the changes in Bax and Caspase-3 expression among forebrain apoptosis. Methods: It caused GI by using common carotid artery occlusion and conducted the test by dividing into the no applied EA group after 6 hours and 12 hours, the LI 4 EA group that applied EA to LI4, and GV 20 EA group that was applied to GV 20. After that, the following results were obtained by comparing Bax and Caspase-3 expression, which were apoptosis-related factors, with its application time through immunohistochemical staining after extracting brain of each group. Results: According to each group's Bax expression by the application time, the order of expression increase after 6 hours is shown to be the no applied EA group, LI 4 group, and GV 20 group. The stimulation after 12 hours was most lowly expressed in the GV 20 group, and the no applied EA group and LI 4 group showed similar level. Conclusions: EA stimulation in the initial step after ischemia seems to affect positively Bax and Caspase-3 expression that are index of forebrain apoptosis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2010

Objectives : To research the changes of electroencephalogram(EEG) signals for acupuncture stimulation and to establish the hereafter direction for the study on EEG. Methods : We reviewed the domestic papers searched by search engine of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society and Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Results : We have searched 31 articles in 10 journals. The 13 articles were concerned with acupuncture. 1. All articles were published after 2001. In 2007 there were 10 articles. 2. The studies dealing with the changes of EEG signals were 24, the studies dealing with correlation of EEG signals were 5, and the studies analyzing EEG with Korean medicine were 2. 3. In the studies dealing with the changes of EEG signals, the case-control studies were 9, the non case-control studies were 14, and the case study was 1. 10 studies used electro-acupuncture, 1 study used herbal acupuncture, and 2 studies used manual acupuncture. Conclusions : We need more various kinds of studies. 1. Excited condition by acupuncture stimulation may reduce $\alpha$ wave. 2. There may be the acupuncture point-specific variation of EEG signal patterns. 3. The number of responding channels for acupuncture stimulation may correlate with the quantity or variety of acupuncture effect.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluated the effect of electro acupuncture on Heart Rate Variability of Patients with functional voiding disease. Methods: Subjects were voluntarily recruited by newspapers and internet. Electro acupuncture was performed three times a week for 3 weeks. Acupuncture point for EA group was B32, Electrical stimulation frequency was 2Hz, duration 20min, and intensity was up to pain threshold according to patients. The patients' Heart Rate Variability was measured before, after 3 weeks of treatment for 5 minutes. Results : In time domain analysis, There were significant increase of SDNN and RMSSD(p<0.05) after 3 weeks treatment. In frequency domain analysis, There were significant increase of LF and LF /HF ratio(p<0.05) after 3 weeks treatment. There were no significant changes in other components of heart rate variability. Conclusion : This study suggests that electroacupuncture treatments can be applicable to improve autonomic nervous system in patients with functional voiding disease.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2008

To investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) treatment on regions remote from the application, we measured cellular, enzymatic, and transcriptional activities in various internal tissues of healthy rats. The EA was applied to the well-identified acupoint ST36 of the leg. After application, we measured the activity of natural killer cells in the spleen, gene expression in the hypothalamus, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in the hypothalamus, liver and red blood cells. The EA treatment increased natural killer cell activity in the spleen by approximately 44%. It also induced genes related to pain, including 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3a (Htr3a) and Endothelin receptor type B (Ednrb) in the hypothalamus, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in the hypothalamus, liver, and red blood cells. These findings indicate that EA mediates its effects through changes in cellular activity, gene expression, and enzymatic activity in multiple remote tissues. The sum of these alterations may explain the beneficial effects of EA.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.977-988
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• 1999

This study compared the effects of Intermittent traction therapy alone(Group1=Control group) and Intermittent traction therapy plus Auriculotherapy (Group2=Experimental group) to 20 Sciatica patients. Subjects were assigned to two groups with each 10. The two groups received Intermittent traction therapy (Hold:25, Rest:15) for 15 minute and experimental group did received auricular stimulation. Auricular acupuncture points(max=17, min=13) were stimulated with low frequency, high intensity Electro-Acupunture stimulator for 20 seconds per a each point. Treatment and measurements(SLR and VAS) was administered to each patient during the two weeks of 10 times therapy. The results were significant differences between the two groups. Experimental group produced significantly greater pain relief, and significant improvement of limited SLR.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2022

EHA(Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator)는 기존의 중앙집중식 유압시스템에 비해 높은 에너지 효율을 가진다. 특히 항공기용 EHA는 고장상황에 대비하여 이중화 설계가 일반적이다. 또한 장착공간의 한계로, 구동기 길이를 최적화 하여야 한다. 따라서 양로드형 실린더와 단로드형 실린더의 직렬 구성이 유리하다. 하지만 피스톤 수압부 면적의 비대칭성으로 인해, 일반적인 제어 기법으로 이중화 구동 시 두 실린더 사이에 Force Fighting 현상이 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이중화된 EHA의 시뮬레이션을 통해 Force Fighting 현상을 확인하였다. 이를 억제하기 위한 방법으로 Load Compensation 제어기와 힘 제어 기반 위치 제어기를 적용하였고 시뮬레이션을 통해 각각의 성능을 비교 분석하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed at examining the effects of the application of EA (electroacupuncture) at GV20 and LI4 in the early cerebral ischemia on the size of cerebral infarction, COX-2 and IL-6. Methods : For this experiment, 21, six-week-old male S-D (Sprague - Dawley) rats weighting 160g to 200g were selected and randomly classified into 3 groups, seven rats in each group. Brain ischemia was simulated using a modified Koizumi method which was performed on each rat. In the GV20 group, the GV20 of the SD rats was stimulated for thirty minutes with acupunctural electrode low frequency stimulator five hours after inducement of ischemia. For the LI4 group, the LI4 was stimulated as above, while for the Ischemia group, no stimulation was applied. Twenty-four hours after the experiment, stained cerebral tissues were examined and an immuno-histological test was done to examine inflammatory reaction Results : Out of the three groups, the LI4 group showed the smallest size of cerebral infarction and the Ischemia group showed the highest COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) expression value in the cortex of the cerebrum. In addition, the LI4 group showed the lowest COX-2 expression value in unknown putamen out of the three groups. Conclusions : We infer that EA, applied at LI4 and GV20 in early ischemia, is effective in delaying the expression of IL-6 (interleukin-6) and COX-2, the inflammatory agents manifested from stroke. In addition, application at LI4, rather than GV20, can lower the expression value of the inflammatory agents. Further, EA can be an effective way to block early inflammatory reaction in stroke.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2003

Objective : This study is to investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture ST36 on altered transmission of afferent somatosensory information caused by amyloid-${\beta}$(A-${\beta}$) that caused Alzheimer's disease. Methods : The effects of topical application of A-${\beta}$, A-${\beta}$ with ST36, aggregated A-${\beta}$(aA-${\beta}$), aA-${\beta}$ with ST36 and ST36 on the afferent sensory transmission to the neurons in the primary somatosensory(SI) cortex was observed in anesthetized rats. Quantitative determination of the effects of A-${\beta}$, A-${\beta}$ with ST36, aA-${\beta}$, aA-${\beta}$ with ST36 and ST36 was made by generating poststimulus time histogram of evoked response of individual cortical neuron by electrical stimulation of the receptive located in peripheral area(forepaw) Results : The results obtained in present study were summerized as follow : 1. Application of physiological concentrative 0.5 nM A-${\beta}$ caused afferent sensory transmission of SI cortex facilitated. 0.5 nM A-${\beta}$ with ST36 exerted much stronger effects than 0.5 nM A-${\beta}$ alone. 2. Application of $10{\mu}M$ A-${\beta}$ caused afferent sensory transmission of SI cortex unchangeable. But $10{\mu}M$ A-${\beta}$ with ST36 is facilitated at 30 min of post-drug period 3. Application of $10{\mu}M$ aA-${\beta}$ caused afferent sensory transmission of SI cortex diminished. $10{\mu}M$ aA-${\beta}$ with ST36 is diminished after 15min of post-drug period but is facilitated after 75min.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2024

강유전체, 압전체 및 전왜 재료의 전기-기계적 반응의 기본 원리를 이해하기 위해 전기장 인가에 따른 변형 측정법은 널리 사용되고 있다. 특히, 전기 자극에 반응하는 압전 재료의 변형 특성을 이해하는 것은 압전 액츄에이터, 음향 장치, 초음파 발생기와 같은 부품을 연구하고 개발하는 데 중요하다. 이 튜토리얼 논문에서는 다양한 산업 분야에서 널리 사용되는 변위 측정 장치인 선형 가변 차동 변환기(linear variable differential transducer, LVDT)의 구성 요소와 작동 원리를 소개한다. 또한 전기장을 인가하여 강유전체, 압전체 또는 전왜 재료의 변형 특성을 측정하기 위해 LVDT를 사용하는 실험 장치의 구성을 소개한다. 그리고 이 논문에는 LVDT 실험 장치를 통해 얻은 간단한 측정 결과와 분석이 포함되어 있어서 다양한 재료의 전기-기계 상호 작용 연구 방법에 대해 유용한 정보를 제공한다.