• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2013

The paper proposes an optimal sizing method of a customer's battery energy storage system (BESS) which aims at managing the electricity demand of the customer to minimize electricity cost under the time of use(TOU) pricing. Peak load limit of the customer and charging and discharging schedules of the BESS are optimized on annual basis to minimize annual electricity cost, which consists of peak load related basic cost and actual usage cost. The optimal scheduling is used to assess the maximum cost savings for all sets of candidate capacities of BESS. An optimal size of BESS is determined from the cost saving curves via capacity of BESS. Case study uses real data from an apartment-type factory customer and shows how the proposed method can be employed to optimally design the size of BESS for customer demand management.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1256-1262
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• 2016

As the population of camping is increased in campsites and auto camp sites, the electrical equipment can safely supply electricity to users in a variety of electricity bill policy is required in the campsite. In this paper, we develop the vending machine for electricity that can control the outdoor electrical outlet from the management server using the Z-Wave WPAN and android mobile application. The developed vending machine for electricity consists of the management server, the controller, the outdoor outlet box, and the mobile application. The management server provides reservation and electricity bill payment to users. The management server controls the electrical outlet box through the controller to safely supply electricity to users. The controller that is a relay device between the management server and the switch controls switches based on Z-Wave mesh network. Outdoor electrical outlet box has 2 meter switches. We receive the relevant authorization to provide commercial electricity services using the outdoor electrical outlet box in the campsite.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2007

For electricity markets to function in a truly competitive and efficient manner, it is not enough to focus solely on improving the efficiencies of power supply. To recognize price-responsive load as a reliability resource, the customer must be provided with price signals and an instrument to respond to these signals, preferably automatically. This paper attempts to develop the Windows-based load management system in competitive electricity markets, allowing the user to monitor the current energy consumption or billing information, to analyze the historical data, and to implement the consumption strategy for cost savings with nine possible scenarios adopted. Finally, this modeling framework will serve as a template containing the basic concepts that any load management system should address.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2014

The Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 had an extensive impact on the national electricity plans. This paper outlines alternative electricity scenarios that meet the goals of nuclear phase-out and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. This paper also analyzes the results of each scenario in respect to the electricity mix, GHG emissions, costs and employment effects. The Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning system (LEAP) model was used to simulate the annual electricity demand and supply system from 2011 to 2030. The reference year was 2009. Scenarios are reference (where existing plans are continued), A1, A2, B1, B2, and C2 (where the levels of demand management and nuclear phase-out are different). The share of renewable energy in the electricity mix in 2030 for each scenario will be increased from about 1% in 2009 to 8% in the reference scenario and from 11% to 31% in five alternative scenarios. Total cumulative cost increases up to 14% more than the reference scenario by replacing nuclear power plants with renewable energy in alternative scenarios could be affordable. Deploying enough renewable energy to meet such targets requires a roadmap for electricity price realization, expansion of research, development and deployment for renewable energy technologies, establishment of an organization dedicated to renewable energy, and ambitious targets for renewable energy.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.09a
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• pp.3-5
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• 2008

Electricity Technology Management Act were carried out enactment in last 1995 to prevent illegal construction practices of electricity equipment, Later electricity supervision service is ordered to electricity supervision trade who register by law demarcated Dept of Architecture, Wish to investigate present condition and problem of current electricity supervision system in this treatise and present improvement plan for right fixing of electricity supervision system.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1843-1850
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• 2014

In this paper, we investigate a group building based power consumption scheduling to minimize the electricity cost. We consider the demand shift to reduce the peak load and suggest the compensation function reflecting the relationship between the change of the building demand and the occupants' comfort. Using that, the electricity cost minimization problem satisfied the convexity is formulated, and the optimal power consumption scheduling algorithm is proposed based on the iterative method. Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithm achieves the group management gain compared to the individual building operation by increasing the degree of freedom for the operation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.677-686
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• 2013

In this paper, we first introduce a general architecture of an energy management system in a home area network based on a smart grid. Then, we propose an efficient scheduling method for home power usage. The home gateway (HG) receives the demand response (DR) information indicating the real-time electricity price, which is transferred to an energy management controller (EMC). Referring to the DR, the EMC achieves an optimal power scheduling scheme, which is delivered to each electric appliance by the HG. Accordingly, all appliances in the home operate automatically in the most cost-effective way possible. In our research, to avoid the high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) of power, we combine the real-time pricing model with the inclining block rate model. By adopting this combined pricing model, our proposed power scheduling method effectively reduces both the electricity cost and the PAR, ultimately strengthening the stability of the entire electricity system.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.10
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• pp.1390-1396
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• 2013

The paper estimated the reasonable market price of lead-acid battery energy storage system (BESS) intended for demand management of electricity customers. As time-of-use (TOU) tariffs have extended to a larger number of customers and gaps in the peak and off-peak rates have gradually risen, deployment of BESS has been highly needed. However, immature engineering techniques, lack of field experiences and high initial investment cost have been barriers to opening up ESS markets. This paper assessed electricity cost that BESS operation could save for customers and, based on the possible cost savings, estimated reasonable prices at which BESSs could become a more prospective option for demand management of customers. Battery scheduling was optimized to maximize the electricity cost savings that BESS would possibly achieve under TOU tariffs conditions. Basic economic factors such as payback period and return on investment were calculated to determine reasonable market prices. Actual load data of 12 industrial customers were used for case studies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.2601-2606
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• 2012

In this paper, an electricity management system, which saves energy by utilizing electricity consumption of load from an environment that uses at least two compact generators, is proposed and developed. A hardware is constructed by using TMS320C6713 DSP chip made by TI that is capable of high speed hardware floating point processing while serial communication is used for communication with a monitoring PC. Manual control is made possible from the monitoring PC and automatic on/off is enabled in the generator by using data collected by CT/PT sensor from the DSP mainboard. Test results confirm that the electricity management system proposed in this study functions without abnormality. The application of an algorithm that saves energy by using electricity consumption of load also allows for a longer supply of electricity compared to continuously using two compact generators.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2011

Congestion management is one of the most challenging aspects in the recently deregulated electricity markets. FACTS devices have been shown to be an efficient alternative to control the flow of power in lines, resulting in increased loadability, lower system loss and a reduced cost of production. In this paper, the application of a static series synchronous compensator (SSSC) for the purpose of congestion management of power systems has been studied. A sensitivity-based analysis method is utilized for effective determination of the SSSC location in an electricity market. The method is topology based and it is independent of the system operation point. A power injection p-model is developed for the SSSC in this study. Numerical results based on the modified IEEE 14 bus system with/without the SSSC demonstrate the feasibility as well as the effectiveness of the SSSC for congestion management in a network. The results obtained when using the SSSC to improve system transfer capability and congestion management is encouraging.