• Carbon letters
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2006

This paper describes the physical properties of filled Nylon6 composites resin with nano-sized carbon black particle and graphite nanofibers prepared by melt extrusion method. In improving adhesions between resin and fillers, the surface of the carbon filler materials were chemically modified by thermo-oxidative treatments and followed by treatments of silane coupling agent. Crystallization temperature and rate of crystallization increased with increases in filler concentration which would act as nuclei for crystallization. The silane treatments on the filler materials showed effect of reduction in crystallization temperature, possibly from enhancement in wetting property of the surface of the filler materials. Percolation transition phenomenon at which the volume resistivity was sharply decreased was observed above 9 wt% of carbon black and above 6 wt% of graphite nanofiber. The graphite nanofibers contributed to more effectively in an increase in electrical conductivity than carbon black did, on the other hand, the silane coupling agent negatively affected to the electrical conductivity due to the insulating property of the silane. Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) phenomenon, was observed as usual in other composites, that is, temperature increase results conductivity increase. The dispersity of the fillers were excellently approached by melt extrusion of co-rotational twin screw type and it could be illustrated by X-ray diffraction and SEM.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.920-923
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• 2000

All solid-state thin film supercapacitor(TFSC) based on $RuO_2$ electrode was fabricated. Ruthenium oxide$(RuO_2)$ thin film was deposited on Pt/Ti/Si subsrate by d.c. magnetron sputtering. LiPON(lithium phosphorus oxynitride) thin film were deposited by r.f. reactive sputtering. X-ray diffraction patterns of $RuO_2$ and LiPON films revealed that crystal structures of both films were amorphous. To decrease resistivity of $RuO_2$ thin film, $RuO_2$ thin film was deposited with $H_2O$ vapor. In order to decide the maximum ionic conductivity, the LiPON films were prepared by various sputtering condition. The maximum ionic conductivity was $9.5\times{10}^7S/cm$. A charge-discharge measurements showed the capacity of $3\times{10-2}\;F/cm^2-\mu{m}$ for the as-fabricated TFSC. The discharging efficiency was decreased after 500 cycles by 40 %.

• Metals and materials international
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1256-1261
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• 2018

Both thermoplastic formability and electrical conductivity of Al-Ni-Y metallic glass with 12 different compositions have been investigated in the present study with an aim to apply as a functional material, i.e. as a binder of Ag powders in Ag paste for silicon solar cell. The thermoplastic formability is basically influenced by thermal stability and fragility of supercooled liquid which can be reflected by the temperature range for the supercooled liquid region (${\Delta}T_x$) and the difference in specific heat between the frozen glass state and the supercooled liquid state (${\Delta}C_p$). The measured ${\Delta}T_x$ and ${\Delta}C_p$ values show a strong composition dependence. However, the composition showing the highest ${\Delta}T_x$ and ${\Delta}C_p$ does not correspond to the composition with the highest amount of Ni and Y. It is considered that higher ${\Delta}T_x$ and ${\Delta}C_p$ may be related to enhancement of icosahedral SRO near $T_g$ during cooling. On the other hand, electrical resistivity varies with the change of Al contents as well as with the change of the volume fraction of each phase after crystallization. The composition range with the optimum combination of thermoplastic formability and electrical conductivity in Al-Ni-Y system located inside the composition triangle whose vertices compositions are $Al_{87}Ni_3Y_{10}$, $Al_{85}Ni_5Y_{10}$, and $Al_{86}Ni_5Y_9$.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 1997

CdS/CuInSe2 태양전지에서 창측재료로 1μm 두께의 CdS박막을 1x10-3mTorr의 진공하에서 CdS source 온도를 800-1100'C로 하고 기판의 온도를 50-200℃로하여 진공증차겁으로 제조하였다. 증착된 CdS박막의 구조적, 전기적, 광학적 특성조사는 x-ray diffractometer(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), 전기비저항 측정, Hall measurement 그리고 optical transmission spectra로 행하였고, 각막들의 성분분석은 energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX)를 가하나, 광투과도는 감소하였다. 이때 증착된 CdS 박막들은 모두 hexagonal 구조를 가지고 있었으며, 결정성은 기판유리를 딸 (002)면으로 형성되었다. CdS Source 온도가 1000℃에서 증착된 CdS 박막이 0.9(S/cm)의 가장 높은 전기 전도도를 나타내었다. 또한 기판온도를 100'C로 제조한 CdS 박막이 전기비저항은 40(Ω,cm)이었고 광투과도는 80% 이상의 값을 나타내어 CdS/CuInSe2 태양전지의 창측재료로 적합했다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2002

RuOx thin films were fabricated by the method of liquid delivery MOCVD using Ru(C$_{8}$ $H_{13}$ $O_2$)$_3$ as the precursor and their thermal effects and conductivity were investigated. Ru films deposited at 25$0^{\circ}C$ were annealed at $650^{\circ}C$ for 1min with Ar, $N_2$ or N $H_3$ ambient. The changes of the micro-structure, the surface morphology and the electrical resistivity of the Ru films after annealing were studied. Ar gas was more effective than $N_2$ and N $H_3$ gases as an ambient gas for the post annealing of the Ru films, because of smaller resistivity and denser grains. The X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the Ru $O_2$ phase and the silicidation are not observed regardless of the ambient gases. The minimum resistivity of the Ru film is found to have the value of 26.35 $\mu$Ω-cm in Ar ambient. Voids were formed at Ru/TiN interface of the Ru layer after annea1ing in $N_2$ ambient. The $N_2$ gas generated due to the oxidation of the TiN layer accumulated at the Ru/TiN interface, forming bubbles; consequently, the stacked film may peel off the Ru/TiN interface.e.

• 지구물리
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1998

포항 옥명 폐기물 매립장과 매립장 입구 전방지역에서 1997년 8월과 1998년 1월에 걸쳐 슐럼버져 전기비저항 수직탐사, 쌍극자 비저항탐사 및 전자기 유도방식을 이용한 전기전도도 수평탐사를 실시하였다. 전기비저항 수직탐사는 매립장 내부와 매립장 입구 전방지역에서 11점과 4점이 실시되었으며, 쌍극자 비저항탐사도 각각 1측선씩 실시되었다. 또한 전기전도도 수평탐사는 총 164점이 4개의 측선을 따라 매립장 입구 전방지역에서 수행되었다. 자료의 해석결과 제 6매립장에서는 0.3∼3 Ωm의 저비저항대가 지표하 65 m까지 나타나고 있어 하부지층의 침출수에 의한 오염가능성을 시사하고 있으며, 예상 침출수위는 지표하 3∼6 m로 추정되었다. 제 9매립장은 2 Ωm이하의 저비저항대가 지표하 11∼15 m까지 나타나고 있어 하부지층의 오염가능성은 없는 것으로 판단된다. 한편 매립장 입구 전방지역에서는 비저항 탐사자료나 전기전도도 수평탐사 자료 모두 천부의 비저항값이 낮게 나타나 이 지역에서는 풍화대의 오염가능성이 매우 큰 것으로 생각된다. 또한 같은 지역내에서도 제 6매립장이 가까이 위치하는 남쪽지역이 침출수의 영향을 더욱 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 지구물리
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2001

Mn-Co-Ni 3성분계에 Fe의 첨가량을 변화시켜 따른 산화물 서미스터소결체 (Mn-Co-Ni-Fe oxide)를 소성온도 1200 ~ 1400 에서 제조하여 전가저항특성을 조사한 결과， 결정상은 단일 입방정 스피델형 결정구조였고， 소성온도에 따른 전가전도도는 1300℃에서 4시간 소결한 서미스터가 가장 높았다. 대체로 F-2를 제외하고는 Fe의 첨가량이 증가할 때 비저항은 증가하고 상대적으로 전가전도도는 감소한다 특히 F-2의 조성에 있어서는 전가전도도가 1.4 x$10^-3$$Ω$cm로 높았고 상대적으로 B정수는 2906K로 낮았다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.717-722
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• 1993

Effects of microstructures on the electrical properties of ZrO2 based ceramics were analyzed by modeling layer arrangements and mixed phase structures. Single layers and alternating multilayers were made from 3mol% and 8mol% Y2O3 doped ZrO2 powders, while mixed specimen was made by blending and compacting these raw powders. After sintering at 150$0^{\circ}C$ for 2hr in air, AC impedance characteristics were measured. Contributiion of bulk comonent to total resistivity and its temperature-dependence were larger in 8Y-ZrO2 single layer than in 3Y-ZrO2 single layer. The multilayered specimen connected in serial to electrodes showed partial characteristics of both 3Y-ZrO2 and 8Y-ZrO2 single layers. The multilayered specimen connected in parallel to electrodes and the mixed specimen exhibited characteristics mainly of 8Y-ZrO2 single layer. The multilayered specimen connected in parallel to electrodes revealed the highest electrical conductivity near the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cell. However, it is expected that the mixed specimen is appropriate for the applications because of its relatively high electrical conductivity with high strength expected.

• 태양에너지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1997

열벽 증착(hot-wall evaporation)방법으로 Cu를 첨가한 ZnTe박막을 성장하였다. doping을 하지 않은 ZnTe박막의 전기 전도형은 p-형으로 전기 전도도는 $10^{-6}({\Omega}{\cdot}cm)^{-1}$을 정도로 매우 낮았다. 첨가한 Cu의 양에 따라 전기 전도도는 $10^2({\Omega}{\cdot}cm)^{-1}$까지 증가하였으나 이동도는 크게 변하재 않았다. Cu를 매우 많이 첨가한 경우는 금속과 같은 전기 전도도를 관찰하였다.

• 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자원환경지질학회 1999년도 춘계 공동학술발표회
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• pp.90-93
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• 1999

We present a high frequency electromagnetic (EM) inversion scheme for detecting and characterizing a fracture using single-hole data. At high frequencies, say above tens of mega-hertz, since displacement currents cannot be ignored, electrical permittivity as well as electrical conductivity is to be considered together for analyzing the EM scattering data. In this paper, we have developed a three-step inversion scheme to map the fracture and to evaluate its electrical conductivity and permittivity. We performed EM profiling along the z-axis using three-component receivers for each source. The model was excited by a vertical magnetic dipole and the resistant magnetic fields were inverted using the non-linear least-squares method. Background resistivity and permittivity were easily obtained using vertical magnetic fields below 1 MHz and above 10 MHz, respectively. Both the vertical and dipping sheets were successfully mapped using the phase difference between 40 and 41 MHz. The electrical property of the sheet was well resolved using the information obtained in the previous two steps and secondary magnetic fields. Our study shows the potential of imaging the fracture in single-hole survey environment using the high frequency EM method.