• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.57-70
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• 2011

To address global climate change, various governments are investing in electric vehicle research and, especially in Korea, the application of electric vehicles to public transportation. The lithium batteries used in electric vehicles typically have an expected life cycle of 2-5 years. If electric vehicles become commonly used, they will generate many discarded batteries that could be harmful to the environment. Additionally, lithium batteries are potentially explosive and should be handled appropriately. Thus, reverse logistics issues are involved in handling expired batteries efficiently and safely. Reverse logistics includes the collection, recycling, remanufacturing, and discarding of waste. This study developed a reverse logistics process for electric vehicle batteries after analyzing the as-is process for lead and lithium batteries. It also developed possible disposal regulations for electric vehicle batteries based on current laws regarding conventional batteries.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2021

In this study, we proposed the necessity of reusing the battery industry after domestic use, preparing legal arrangements by step for recycling, clarifying responsible materials by processing stage, and establishing infrastructure and screening diagnostic rating system. The purpose of this study is to establish a life cycle integrated management system for electric vehicle batteries and to find suitable ways for improving the lifespan of electric vehicle batteries, reuse, and recycling in stages to avoid other environmental pollution problems due to batteries after using electric vehicles used to reduce environmental pollution due to climate change.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Interest in the future of the battery market is growing as Tesla announces plans to increase production of electric vehicles and to produce batteries. Tesla announced an action plan to reduce battery prices by 56% through 'Battery Day', which included expansion of factories to internalize batteries and improvement of materials and production technology. In the trend of automobile electrification, the expansion of the battery market, which accounts for 40% of the cost of electric vehicles, is inevitable, and the size of the electric vehicle battery market in 2026 is expected to increase more than five times compared to 2016. With the development of materials and process technology, the energy density of electric vehicle batteries is increasing while the price is decreasing. Soon, electric vehicles and internal combustion locomotives are expected to compete on the same line. Recently, the mileage of electric vehicles is approaching that of an internal combustion locomotive due to the installation of high-capacity batteries. In the EV battery market, Korean, Chinese and Japanese companies are fiercely competing. Based on market share in the first half of 2020, LG Chem, CATL, and Panasonic are leading the EV battery supply, and the top 10 companies included 3 Korean companies, 5 Chinese companies, and 2 Japanese companies. All-solid, lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion, and lithium air batteries are being discussed as the next-generation batteries after lithium-ion, among which all-solid-state batteries are the most active. All-solid-state batteries can dramatically improve stability and charging speed by using a solid electrolyte, and are excellent in terms of technology readiness level (TRL) among various technology alternatives. In order to increase the competitiveness of the battery industry in the future, efforts to increase the productivity and economy of electric vehicle batteries are also required along with the development of next-generation battery technology.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.157-164
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• 2001

The vehicle electric power system, which consists of two major components: a generator and a battery, which have to provide numerous electrical and electronic systems with enough electrical energy. A detailed understanding of the characteristics of the electric power system, electrical load demands, and the driving environment such as road, season, and vehicle weight is required when the capacities of the generator and the battery are to be determined for a vehicle. An easy-to-use and inexpensive simulation program may be needed to avoid the over/under design problem of the electric power system. A vehicle electric power simulator is developed in this study. The simulator can be utilized to determine the optimal capacities of generators and batteries. To improve the expandability and easy usage of the simulation program, the program is organized in modular structures, and is run on a PC. Empirical electrical models of various generators and batteries, and the structure of the simulation program are presented. For executing the vehicle electric power simulator, data of engine speed profile and electric loads of a vehicle are required, and these data are obtained from real driving conditions. In order to improve the accuracy of the simulator, numerous driving data of a vehicle are logged and analyzed.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.36-42
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• 2018

UNECE/WP29/GRPE/EVE has recently defined that the power of a hybrid electric vehicle is the system power. Although a method for measuring the maximum power of a hybrid electric vehicle is presented by KATRI, it does not consider charging and discharging characteristics of traction batteries. This study provides a maximum power measurement method which reflects the charging and discharging characteristics of traction batteries in NOVC-HEVs (Not Off Vehicle Charging-Hybrid Electric Vehicles). Both methods are compared with regard to the output measurement results.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.54-65
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• 2023

Due to the nature of electric vehicles, the batteries used for electric vehicles have a very large rated capacity. If an electric vehicle runs for a long time or an electric vehicle is abandoned due to a traffic accident, the electric vehicle battery becomes a waste battery. Even in vehicles that are being abandoned, the remaining capacity of waste batteries for electric vehicles is sufficient for other purposes. Waste batteries for automobiles are very expensive, so they need to be recycled and reused, but there was a problem that the standards for measuring the performance grade of waste batteries for recycling and reuse were insufficient. As a method for measuring the remaining capacity of waste battery, the most stable and reliable method is to measure the remaining capacity of battery using full charge and discharge. However, the inspection method by the full charging and discharging method varies depending on the capacity of the battery, but it takes more than a day to inspect, and many people are making great efforts to solve this problem. In this paper, an electric vehicle battery residual capacity analysis technique using voltage deviation between cells was studied and analyzed as a method to reduce inspection time for electric vehicle batteries. To this end, a full charging and discharging-based capacity measurement system was constructed, experimental data were collected using a nose or waste battery, and the correlation between the voltage deviation and the remaining capacity of the battery pack was analyzed to verify whether it can be used for battery inspection.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2019

The demand for lithium has increased sharply due to the explosive increase in lithium secondary batteries for environment-friendly vehicles (EV: Electric Vehicle, HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle, PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle). Traditionally, lithium has been produced mainly from lithium-containing minerals and brine, and recently it also has been recovered along with other valuable metals by recycling cathode materials of lithium secondary batteries. In this study, we comprehensively reviewed various recovering precesses of lithium from lithium-containing substances.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.84.2-84.2
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• 2015

Growing market of electric vehicles such as hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and bare electric vehicles in the world is accelerating the significance of Li-ion batteries as a renewable green energy. According to such market flow, the developing components such as cathode, anode, electrolyte, and separator, composing the Li-ion batteries, is significantly important tasks for the commercialization. In particular, development of the cathode material having high capacity and stable thermal stability is essential for long-distance electric vehicle in the near future. Herein we introduce various applications of Li-ion batteries such as portable electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage system, and also its research trend, in particular on the cathode materials.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.753-763
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• 2016

High temperature sodium/sulfur battery(Na/S battery) has good electrochemical properties, but, the battery has some problems such as explosion and corrosion at al. because of using the liquid electrodes at high temperature and production of high corrosion. Room temperature sodium/sulfur batteries (NAS batteries) is developed to resolve of the battery problem. To recently, room temperature sodium/sulfur batteries has higher discharge capacity than its of lithium ion battery, however, cycle life of the battery is shorter. Because, the sulfur electrode and electrolyte have some problem such as polysulfide resolution in electrolyte and reaction of anode material and polysulfide. Cycle life of the battery is improved by decrease of polysulfide resolution in electrolyte and block of reaction between anode material and polysulfide. If room temperature sodium/sulfur batteries (NAS batteries) with low cost and high capacity improves cycle life, the batteries will be commercialized batteries for electric storage, electric vehicle, and mobile electric items.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.157-161
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• 2010

Most of air pollution in a metropolis is the result of exhaust gas emissions from automotive vehicles, and the world-wide regulation against environmental pollution is becoming more strict. Moreover the demand on development and supply of an environment-friendly automobile is increasing and the market share about that is expected to grow rapidly in this time of high oil price. The secondary batteries the most important component to store the electrical energy in hybrid electric vehicle. It needs to the higher power characteristics to emit the energy instantaneous. In this paper, we proposed the system to monitor reliably the charge and discharge states of the secondary batteries for hybrid electric vehicle. The material is about SW and HW module the software and hardware module mounted on the charge and discharge system and the monitoring system to control the charge and discharge performance effectively.