• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-113
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the music therapy on cognition, problematic behavior, and sleep disturbance in elderly with dementia. Method : The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects comprised of 39 elders (Experimental group : 19, Control group : 20) who living in D city. The instruments used for this study were the MMSE, problematic behavior assessment tool, and sleep assessment instrument. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 program. Results : The repeated measure ANOVA revealed that the music therapy had the effect on the problematic behavior and sleep. There were statistically significant differences in problematic behavior between the pretest and posttest in the experimental group. Conclusion : The study suggests that the music therapy can be applied for the aged with dementia to improve the problematic behaviors.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1023-1039
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop a group validation therapy(V/T) which could be implemented for the elderly with dementia in nursing home, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the program on cognition, ADL(Activity of Daily Living), depression, problematic behavior and QOL(Quality of Life). Subjects were recruited from 4 nursing homes in D city. The sample comprised forty elderly with dementia, capable of verbal communication. Each twenty were in an experimental and control groups. However, four elders with dementia dropped out in experimental and control groups due to personal affairs. Experimental group completed twelve consecutive group validation therapy sessions that combined centering, asking factual questions, rephrasing, identifying and using the preferred sense, asking the extreme, imagining the opposite, reminiscing, touching, maintaining eye contact and a caring tone of voice, observing, matching and expressing the emotion with emotion, using ambiguity, linking behavior with a basic human need, using music and mirroring techniques. Following the intervention, experimental group experienced a significant improvement in cognition, ADL, depression, and QOL. But it is a nonsignificant in problematic behavior on statistically. As a result, a group validation therapy should be applied as an effective and practical psychosocial intervention for the elderly with dementia.

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1089-1108
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop a wandering management guideline for family caregivers of community-dwelling elders with dementia (EWD). In the first stage of the study, focus group and individual interviews (n=10) were performed to analyze family caregivers' experiences about wandering of the EWD under their care. In the second stage, preliminary contents for the guideline were made based on the interview results of family caregivers and reviews of literature. Final version of the guideline with 86 items was established after experts' review using the Content Validity Index analysis. In the final stage, a pilot test was conducted to evaluate the guideline using a sample of 13 family caregivers of EWD. Family caregivers were educated about how to use the guideline and asked to complete a set of questionnaire to examine their knowledge about wandering, degree of application of the guideline, and satisfaction with the guideline. Family caregivers' knowledge score was significantly improved (p=0.014) and the average scores in the process evaluation (9 items) and user satisfaction (7 items) about the guideline were 2.69-3.46 (range: 1-4), and 2.85-3.38 (range: 1-4), respectively. Further study with a large random sample is necessary to confirm the results of this study.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.197-207
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and characteristics of visiting nurses' management for elders with cognitive impairment living in a community focused on health centers in a metropolitan city and five medium-sized cities. Methods: Data were collected from 47 visiting nurses working in a metropolitan city and 47 visiting nurses working in five medium-sized cities from November to December 2012. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and nursing behaviors of cognitive impairment between two groups (F=2.13, p=.148; F=3.64, p=.060; F=0.28, p=.595). Among the elders referred to a physician in a metropolitan city by visiting nurses, 42.4% were diagnosed as mild cognitive impairment and 15.2% were diagnosed as severe dementia. The major intervention programs which visiting nurses currently applied for elders were medication and exercise intervention programs, and the intervention programs which they would want to apply in the future were playing, music and recall intervention programs. Conclusion: The cognitive impairment screening test can be done effectively by visiting nurses. This study also suggests to develop various kinds of intervention programs to improve cognitive function for elders living in a community.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2006

In Korea, about 8.3% over aged 65 are suffering from Alzheimer's disease or other type of dementia. Among dementia-related behaviors, wandering is the one of strongest factors on burden and stress of caregivers. On Lee and Kwon's report with community living persons with dementia, upto 85% of caregivers reported wandering as a problem. Wandering is a frequently encountered problem in communities and long-term care facilities, but it is among least understood dementia. related behavior. Despite the prevalence of wandering, its significant adverse outcomes, and the increase in persons with dementia in Korea, no systematic research has been conducted in Korea. The purpose of this study is to review on literature related to wandering behavior among persons with dementia. The specific topics related to wandering are included: definition, the prevalence of dementia and wandering behavior, the influencing factor on wandering, outcomes of wandering behavior, and the measurement method. Wandering is defined as "aimless walking" and "Meandering, aimless or repetitive locomotion that exposes one to harm and is incongruent with boundaries, limits, or obstacles". Wandering is viewed as a problematic behavior, however, it has to be understood as need-driven compromised behavior. For example, wandering may be an expression of searching for familiar person and/or place. Recently, in Korea, there is an effort for establishing the therapeutic environment for elders who are wanderers in long-term-care facilities. Cognitive impairment of persons with dementia is found to be a consistent factor on wandering behavior through many national and international studies. The adverse outcomes of wandering are serious problem in persons with dementia as well as their caregivers. The adverse outcomes include falls, fractures, getting lost, use of restraints, or even death. In fact, wandering is one of the major reasons for a patient to be institutionalized. For measurement of wandering behavior, two methods are broadly used: observation using stop watch, and survey form. A revised instrument of the Korean version of Algase wandering scale (K_RAWS) is established the psychometric properties (Son, Song, & Lim, 2006) demonstrating valid and reliable instrument in measuring wandering behavior among persons with dementia who are residing in communities. K_RAWS has a 39 items with six subscales including persistent walking, repetitive walking, spatial disorientation, eloping behavior, negative outcome, and mealtime impulsivity. In conclusion, studies including the prevalence of wandering behavior and predictive factors on wandering should be conducted to understand wandering clearly before developing any types of intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.123-139
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to understand the adult day care center as a place for the elders and adults and to develop an initial understanding of the services and activity programs for adult day care for the cognitively-impaired in the U.S.A. The data were collected from 12 Adult Day Care Centers(ADC) from 2001 to 2002 by personal interview and the documents about the programs. ADC programs provided primarily social, recreational, and health activities and services in a group setting. Centers offered participants to socialize, enjoy peer support, and receive health and social services in a stimulating and supportive environment that promotes better physical and mental health. For this purpose those centers offered not only professional health care, occupational.speech.physical therapies but also socio-recreation and therapeutic-recreation services.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify functional structure and patterns of dialogue sequence in conversations between elderly patients with dementia and nurses in a long-term care facility. Methods: Conversation analysis was used to analyze the data which were collected using video-camera to capture non-verbal as well as verbal behaviors. Data collection was done during February 2005. Results: Introduction, assessment, intervention, and closing phases were identified as functional structure. Essential parts of the conversation were the assessment and intervention phases. In the assessment phase three sequential patterns of nurse-initiated dialogue and four sequential patterns of patient-initiated dialogue were identified. Also four sequential patterns were identified in nurse-initiated and three in patient-initiated dialogues in the intervention phase. In general, "ask question", "advise", and "directive" were the most frequently used utterance by nurses in nurse-initiated dialogue, indicating nurses' domination of the conversation. At the same time, "ask back", "refute", "escape", or "false promise" were used often by nurses to discourage patients from talking when patients were raising questions or demanding. Conclusion: It is important for nurses to encourage patient-initiated dialogue to counterbalance nurse-dominated conversation which results from imbalance between nurses and patients in terms of knowledge and task in healthcare institutions for elders.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.448-460
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate risk factors for senile dementia as well as care givers' stresses and thier needs for nursing care. It was done using a retrospective survey. A convenience sample or In senile dementia patients and l20 nor-mal elders in a rural area was used. The tools used in the study were the MMSE-K(Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea) for dementia screening test and a questionaire developed by the research team. Data were collected through home visits by Com-munity Health Practitioners. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, and Chi-square test. The findings are as follows : 1. There were significant differences in age, marital status, and religions between the two groups. 2. There was a significant difference in smoling behavior between the two groups. 3. There was a significant difference in past his-tory of cancer between groups. 4. There was a significant difference in past and present elderftmily relationship between the two groups. 5. There were significant differences in intellectual activities, assuming major role in family and seeking other's help in daily life troubles between the two groups. 6. There were significant differences in stress factors such as child problem, family conflict, health problem and illegal behavior between the two groups. 7. The major problems out by families in caring for dementia patient were catastrophic reactions, dirtiness, mood change, devouring and tremor. The most serious problems faced by families was dirtiness. with catastrophic reactions, sleep distrubance, changeableness, and a suspcio-usness following. The care givers expressed chronic fatigue, anxiety, tension, depression, disorder in daily life, shamefulness, blame from neighbours and guiltiness. 8. There is need for geriatric hospitals, nursing homes, burden sharing, and counselling or education for family care givers. A replicate study in the urban area is recommended to validate the findings of this study. To explore the impact of stress in life and ‘han’ on senile dementia, a qualitative study is recommended.

• Journal of Society of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2018

Objective : The aim of current investigation was to standardize the grip strength of elders and to examine the correlation between grip strength, anthropometric parameters, depression and quality of life. Method : The researchers used Korea national health and nutrition examination surveys (2016) for analysis and analyzed the data of 919 elders who had completed the screening test among right-handed elderly without activity limitation. The researchers classified the age of the elders as 65~69, 70~74, 75~79, and 80 years old for standardization of grip strength. Anthropometric parameters are height, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference. Depression was measured by PHQ-9(Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and quality of life was assessed by EQ-5D. Result : The ratio of right handedness of the elderly was 87.8%, left handed 4.9%, and both handles 5.7%. In the standardization and correlation analysis, the grip strength decreased with age (p<.01, r=-.308~-.305). The grip strength showed a strong correlation with height (p<.001, r=.747~.741). There was a significant correlation between depression (p<.01, r=-.172~-.163) and quality of life (p<.01, r=.285~.267). Conclusion : The findings of this investigation suggest that height, depression, and quality of life need to be considered when assessing the level of grip strength in the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.104-110
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the prospective impact of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ${\varepsilon}4$ on cognitive performance in the community-dwelling elderly individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods : The total number of subjects was 30 (12 men and 18 women) who were diagnosed with AD from a Korean project of "Early Detection of Dementia". People aged 65-85 years were included in the analysis. The eight neuropsychological domains from the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K) were conducted to test subjects. They have been followed at 24-month intervals with the same assessments at each interval. Their cognitive performance at 2 year intervals was compared by the occurrence of the APOE ${\varepsilon}4$. Results : The impact of ${\varepsilon}4$ allele was significant in the Word List Memory Test (WLMT, F = 4.345, df = 1, p = 0.021) and Word List Recall Test (WLRT, F = 5.569, df = 1, p = 0.033). Conclusions : The APOE ${\varepsilon}4$ allele was significantly correlated especially with verbal episodic memory domain in community-dwelling elders diagnosed with AD.