• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2016

Protozoan parasite, the genus Eimeria, causes an intestinal disease, coccidiosis, in young broilers. Coccidiosis induces significant economic loss in poultry production. This study was designed to identify the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in broilers in Gyeonggi province, Korea. Fecal samples from broilers at 94 farms were collected in two chicken slaughterhouses between March and June 2015. Eimeria infection was determined by microscopic examination and PCR using ITS-1 region. The prevalence of Eimeria was 58.5% (55 of 94). E. acervulina was identified in 96.4% of samples, E. tenella in 81.8%, E. maxima in 12.7%, E. praecox in 12.7%, E. brunetti in 5.5%, E. necatrix in 1.8%, and E. mitis in 1.8%. Body weight (BW) of broilers infected with both E. tenella and E. acervulina ($mean=1.53{\pm}0.19^Bkg$) was significantly lower than broilers with E. acervulina positive/E. tenalla negative ($mean=1.74{\pm}0.07^Akg$) or Eimeria negative ($mean=1.65{\pm}0.15^Akg$) (Duncan's multiple range test, P<0.01). High prevalence of Eimeria tenella and the impact on the broiler body weight shows the importance of this protozoa in broiler industry. Development of the periodic monitoring strategy and systemic management for the purpose of the prevention/eradication of Eimeria infection among broilers is required.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.91.1-91.9
• /
• 2022

Three parameters, body weight gain (BWG), intestinal lesion score (LS) and fecal oocyst shedding, were compared in broilers infected with major parasitic species; Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. First, two- and three-week-old chickens with Eimeria infection showed LS of approximately 3, but two-week-old chickens were more correlated with BWG. Second, significant differences in BWG were observed between male and female broilers challenged with Eimeria. Finally, E. maxima-infected broilers among three Eimeria species showed a higher relationship between BWG and LS, suggesting three considerations such as genders, age and Eimeria species for Eimeria experiments.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제59권4호
• /
• pp.403-408
• /
• 2021

Avian coccidiosis has a major economic impact on the poultry industry, it is caused by 7 species of Eimeria, and has been primarily controlled using chemotherapeutic agents. Due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains, alternative control strategies are needed. We assessed anticoccidial effects of berberine-based diets in broiler chickens following oral infection with 5 Eimeria species (E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, E. mitis, and E. praecox). When 0.2% berberine, a concentration that does not affect weight gain, was added to the diet, the 4 groups infected with E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. mitis, or E. praecox showed significant reductions in fecal oocyst shedding (P<0.05) compared to their respective infected and untreated controls. In chickens treated 0.5% berberine instead of 0.2% and infected with E. maxima, fecal oocyst production was significantly reduced, but body weight deceased, indicating that berberine treatment was not useful for E. maxima infection. Taken together, these results illustrate the applicability of berberine for prophylactic use to control most Eimeria infections except E. maxima. Further studies on the mechanisms underlying the differences in anticoccidial susceptibility to berberine, particularly E. maxima, are remained.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2001

We have developed four chicken hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to induce a protective immune response against the chicken disease avian coccidiosis, caused by the intestinal parasite Eimeria acervulina. Huwever, since the amount of antibodies secreted from these hybridomas is too low or sometimes they lost their ability to produce antibodies, the hybridoma method is not satisfactory in the production of large amounts of chicken monoclonal antibodies. To bypass these problems, we applied the antibody engineering technology using polymerase chain reaction. We cloned and determined the sequences of variable domains of the four chicken monoclonal antibodies, namely, 2-1, 5D11, 13C8 and 8C3. The sequences comparison to germline sequences skewed that the gene con version mechanism might contribute to developing diversification of heavy and λ-light chains in chicken antibodies. Several pseudogene families regarded as donors in gene conversion were identified at each framework region and the complementarily determining region of λ-light chains. In addition, as expected, numerous changes of nucleotide sequences such as nucleotide substitution, insertion and deletion were found predominantly in complementarity determining regions, which are likely to be somatic hypermutations as a result of affinity maturation in antibody-producing cells.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.185-190
• /
• 1972

A preliminary survey for classification of coccidia isolated from domestic animals and poultry was broadly conducted by the morphological aspects of the $o{\ddot{o}}cysts$. The number of animals and birds used in this survey were 762 chickens, 30 rabbits, 37 goats, 18 swine, 39 cattle, 8 dogs, 132 ducks, 23 deer and 15 horses. The species classified in each animal and bird were six species in chicken, nine in rabbits, nine in goats, six in swine, six in cattle, one in dogs and negative in ducks, deer and horses. The coccidial species in each animal and bird were as follows: In chicken: Eimeria acervulina, E.maxima, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. praecox, and E. tenella. In rabbits: Eimeria irresidua, E. magna, E. media, E. neolepolis, E. perforans, E. piriformis and E. stiedae. In goats: Eimeria ahsata, E. arloingi, E. crandalis, E. faurei, E. granulosa, E. intricata, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. pallida, E. perva. In Swine: Eimeria deblieki, E. perminuta, E. palita, E. scabra, E. scrofae and Isospora suis. In Cattle : Eimeria bovis, E. bukidonensis, E. cylindrica, E ellipsoidalis, E subspherica and E. Zurnii. In dogs: Isospora bigemina.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권7호
• /
• pp.981-989
• /
• 2014

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of a mixture of functional oils (Essential, Oligo Basics Agroind. Ltda) on performance response of chickens challenged with coccidiosis and the determination of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), the coefficients of protein and ether extract digestibility and intestinal morphology of broilers fed with diets containing Essential. In Exp. 1, a completely randomized design (CRD) was used, with one control diet without Essential inclusion with coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella) challenged birds and two different inclusion rates of Essential (1.5 kg/ton and 2 kg/ton) with coccidiosis-challenged and non-challenged birds for each inclusion rate, using 10 replicates and 50 birds per experimental unit. After 7 d of coccidiosis challenge, the livability was approximately 10% lower (p<0.05) for the control group. Intestinal lesion scores were lower (p<0.05) in the anterior intestine and the cecum for the chickens supplemented. Feed efficiency and growth rate were improved in birds supplemented with Essential (p<0.05) before the coccidiosis challenge and during the first 7 d post infection. In Exp. 2, a CRD was used, with one control diet without Essential inclusion and one diet with inclusion of Essential (1.5 kg/ton), using nine replications and 33 chicks per pen. The diets with Essential yielded approximately 4% higher AME (p = 0.003) and $AME_n$ (p = 0.001). Essential supplementation increased villus height in the jejunum on d 14 (p<0.05). Villus height:crypt depth ratio for the supplemented birds was larger (p<0.05) in the jejunum on d 7, larger (p<0.05) in the jejunum and ileum on d 14. In conclusion, these functional oils improved the energy utilization and the livability and decreased lesions caused by coccidiosis in supplemented birds.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.323-330
• /
• 2011

닭의 단일 클론 항체인 13C8 항체는 조류의 콕시듐증을 유발하는 것으로 알려진 Eimeria acervulina의 포자충(sporozoites) 항원에 결합하는 닭 항체이다. 그러나 닭 하이브리도마 유전자의 불안정성 때문에 분비되는 항체의 생산량이 낮은 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위해 hybridoma로 부터 항체의 중사슬 가변 부위(VH)유전자와 경사슬 가변 부위(VL) 유전자를 증폭하여 linker peptide로 연결해준 재조합 ScFv 항체 유전자를 구축하고, E. coli를 형질 전환시켜 재조합 단백질로 발현 정제하였다. ELISA 분석 결과 재조합 13C8 ScFv 항체는 세 종류의 Eimeria spp.에 대해 모두 항원 결합력을 나타내었으며, 염기서열 분석을 수행하여 germline sequence와 비교한 결과 닭 항체유전자의 다양성(diversity)은 pseudogene들의 gene conversion 기작에 의해 이루어짐을 제시해 주었다.