• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.87-93
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• 2002

A complex network and a parallel computer are made up of interconnected switching units. The role of a switching unit is to set up a connection between an input port and an output port, according to the routing information. We proposed our switching network with a remodeled architecture is a newly modified Banyan network with eight input and output ports. We have analysed the maximum throughput of the revised switch. Our analyses have shown that under the uniform random traffic load, the FIFO discipline is limited to 70%, The switching system consists of an input control unit, a switch unit and an output control unit. Therefore the result of the analyses shows that the results of the networking simulation with the new switch are feasible and if we adopt the new architecture of the revised model of the Banyan switch, the hardware complexity can be reduced. The FIFO discipline has increased by about 11% when we compare the switching system with the input buffer system. We have designed and verified the switching system in VHDL using Max＋plusII. We also designed our test environment including micro computers, the base station, and the proposed architecture. We proposed a new architecture of the Banyan switch for BISDN networks and parallel computers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.490-492
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• 2010

A swing level controlled voltage-mode transmitter is proposed to support a stub series-terminated logic channel with center-tapped termination. This transmitter provides a swing level control to support the diagnostic mode and improve the signal integrity in the absence of the destination termination. By using the variable parallel termination, the proposed transmitter maintains the constant output impedance of the source termination while the swing level is controlled. Also, the series termination using an external resistor is used to reduce the impedance mismatch effect due to the parasitic components of the capacitor and inductor. To verify the proposed transmitter, the voltage-mode driver, which provides eight swing levels with the constant output impedance of about $50{\Omega}$, was implemented using a 70nm 1-poly 3-metal DRAM process with a 1.5V supply. The jitter reduction of 54% was measured with the swing level controlled voltage-mode driver in the absence of the destination termination at 1.6-Gb/s.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 2018

Objective : Many lumbosacral fixation techniques have been described to offer a more screw-bone purchase. The forward anatomical fixation parallel to the endplate is still the most preferred method. Literature revealed little knowledge regarding the mechanical stability of lumbosacral trans-endplate fixation compared to the traditional trans-pedicular screw fixation method. The aim of this study is to assess the pull-out strength of lumbosacral screws penetrating the end plate and comparing it to the conventional trans-pedicular screw insertion method. Methods : Eight lumbar and eight sacral vertebrae, with average age 69.4 years, Left pedicles of the 5th lumbar vertebrae were used for trans-endplate screw fixation, group 1A, right pedicles were used for anatomical trans-pedicular screw fixation, group 1B. In the sacral vertebrae, the right side S1 pedicles were used for trans-endplate fixation, group 2A, left side pedicles were used for anatomical trans-pedicular screw fixation, group 2B. The biomechanical tests were performed using the axial compression testing machine. All tests were applied using 2 mm/min traction speed. Results : The average pull-out strength values of groups 1A and 1B were $403.78{\pm}11.71N$ and $306.26{\pm}17.55N$, respectively. A statistical significance was detected with p=0.012. The average pull-out strength values of groups 2A and 2B were $388.73{\pm}17.03N$ and $299.84{\pm}17.52N$, respectively. A statistical significance was detected with p=0.012. Conclusion : The trans-endplate lumbosacral fixation method is a trustable fixation method with a stronger screw-bone purchase and offer a good alternative for surgeons specially in patients with osteoporosis.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1458-1466
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• 2011

Recently the research on GPGPU has been carried out actively as the performance of GPUs has been increased rapidly. In this paper, we propose the system architecture by benchmarking the existing supercomputer architecture for a cost-effective system using GPUs in low-cost graphics devices and implement a GPU cluster system with eight GPUs. We also make the software development environment that is suitable for the GPU cluster system and use it for the performance evaluation by implementing the n-body problem. According to its result, we found that it is efficient to use multiple GPUs when the problem size is large due to its communication cost. In addition, we could calculate up to eight million celestial bodies by applying the method of calculating block by block to mitigate the problem size constraint due to the limited resource in GPUs.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.511-517
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• 2006

The key issues in high power, high energy applications such as electromagnetic launchers include safety, reliability, flexibility, efficiency, compactness, and cost. To explore some of the issues, a control scheme for a large current wave-forming was designed, built and experimentally verified using a 2.4MJ pulse power system (PPS). The PPS was made up of eight capacitors bank unit, each containing six capacitors connected in parallel. Therefore there were 48 capacitors in total, with ratings of 22kV and 50kJ each. Each unit is charged through a charging switch that is operated by air pressure. For discharging each unit has a triggered vacuum switch (TVS) with ratings of 200kA and 250kV. Hence, flexibility of a large current wave-forming can be obtained by controlling the charging voltage and the discharging times. The whole control system includes a personal computer(PC), RS232 and RS485 pseudo converter, electric/optical signal converters and eight 80C196KC micro-controller based capacitor-bank module(CBM) controllers. Hence, the PC based controller can set the capacitor charging voltages and the TVS trigger timings of each CBM controller for the current wave-forming. It also monitors and records the system status data. We illustrated that our control scheme was able to generate the large current pulse flexibly and safely by experiments. The our control scheme minimize the use of optical cables without reducing EMI noise immunity and reliability, this is resulting in cost reduction. Also, the reliability was increased by isolating ground doubly, it reduced drastically the interference of the large voltage pulse induced by the large current pulse. This paper contains the complete control scheme and details of each subsystem unit.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.11C
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• pp.148-156
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• 2001

This paper proposed embedded application-specific microprocessor(YS-RDSP) whose structure has an additional DSP processor on chip. The YS-RDSP can execute maximum four instructions in parallel. To make program size shorter, 16-bit and 32-bit instruction lengths are supported in YS-RDSP. The YS-RDSP provides programmability. controllability, DSP processing ability, and includes eight-kilobyte on-chip ROM and eight-kilobyte RAM. System controller on the chip gives three power-down modes for low-power operation, and SLEEP instruction changes operation statue of CPU core and peripherals. YS-RDSP processor was implemented with Verilog HDL on top-down methodology, and it was improved and verified by cycle-based simulator written in C-language. The verified model was synthesized with 0.7um, 3.3V CMOS standard cell library, and the layout size was 10.7mm78.4mm which was implemented by using automatic P&R software.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effects of robot-assisted gait training combined with virtual reality training on balance and gait ability in stroke patients. METHODS: Thirty-one stroke patients were allocated randomly into one of two groups: robot-assisted gait training combined virtual reality training group (RGVR group; n = 16) and control group (n = 15). The RGVR group received 30 minutes of robot-assisted gait training combined with virtual reality training. Robot-assisted gait training was conducted in parallel using a virtual reality device. In the Control group, neurodevelopmental therapy was performed according to the function of chronic stroke patients. Both groups underwent training for 30 minutes, three times per week for eight weeks. The balance assessment system (BioRescue, Marseille, France), BBS, and TUG were used to evaluate the balance ability. The OptoGait (Microgate Srl, Bolzano, Italy) and 10 mWT were measured to evaluate the gait ability. The measurements were performed before and after the eight-week intervention period. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvement in their balance and gait ability during the intervention. RGVR showed significant differences in balance and gait ability compared to the control group groups (p < .05). These results showed that RGVR was more effective on balance and gait ability in patients with chronic stroke. CONCLUSION: RGVR can improve balance and gait ability, highlighting the benefits of RGVR. This study provides intervention data for recovering the balance and gait ability of chronic stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2021

Spawning behavior of the endangered Korean fish, Microphysogobio koreensis, was investigated in the Seomjingang (river), Imsil-gun, South Korea, during the spawning season, April to May 2012. The mating system of M. koreensis, a broadcast spawner, was a primitive spawning mode, and involved one male and one female, unlike group spawning fishes. Spawning behavior of M. koreensis in the wild were observed in eight patterns as resting, male chase, body beating, parallel swim, female withdrawal, male competition, spawning and not guard while spawning behavior in the glass tank were verified in six patterns as resting, male chase, body beating, parallel swim, spawning and not guard. In particular, a behavioral attempt of the pre-spawning stage showed more frequently in the wild than in the glass tank. We assume that difference of spawning behavior might be implication on behavioral restrictions in small and narrow indoor glass tank.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.3 s.345
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• pp.48-58
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• 2006

This paper presents 8x8 two dimensional DCT/IDCT processor of adder-based distributed arithmetic architecture without applying ROM units in conventional memories. To reduce hardware cost in the coefficient matrix of DCT and IDCT, an odd part of the coefficient matrix was shared. The proposed architecture uses only 29 adders to compute coefficient operation in the 2-D DCT/IDCT processor, while 1-D DCT processor consists of 18 adders to compute coefficient operation. This architecture reduced 48.6% more than the number of adders in 8x8 1-D DCT NEDA architecture. Also, this paper proposed a form of new transpose network which is different from the conventional transpose memory block. The proposed transpose network block uses 64 registers with reduction of 18% more than the number of transistors in conventional memory architecture. Also, to improve throughput, eight input data receive eight pixels in every clock cycle and accordingly eight pixels are produced at the outputs.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2014

Background: The carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common cause of severe hand pain. In this study we treated acute pain in CTS patients by means of local intradermal injections of anti-inflammatory drugs (mesotherapy). Methods: In twenty-five patients (forty-five hands), CTS diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and neurophysiological examination prior to mesotherapy. A mixture containing lidocaine 10 mg, ketoprophen lysine-acetylsalycilate 80 mg, xantinol nicotinate 100 mg, cyanocobalamine 1,000 mcg plus injectable water was used. Sites of injection were three parallel lines above the transverse carpal ligament and two v-shaped lines, one at the base of the thenar eminence, and the other at the base of the hypothenar eminence. Results: The day after the treatment, all but four patients reported a significant reduction in pain and paresthesias. After 12 months, 17 patients had a complete pain relief, eight patients reported recurrence of pain and sensory symptoms and four out of them underwent surgical treatment. Conclusions: With the obvious limits of a small-size open-label study, our results suggest that mesotherapy can temporary relieve pain and paresthesias in most CTS patients and in some cases its effect seems to be long-lasting. Further controlled studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings and to compare mesotherapy to conventional approaches for the treatment of CTS.